scholarly journals Health Inequality as the Consequence of Drinking and Smoking in Case of the Czech Republic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Gavurova ◽  
Miriama Tarhanicova ◽  
Adam Kulhanek ◽  
Roman Gabrhelik
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Health Indicator ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Attributable Fractions ◽  
Disease Specific

Background: Drinking and smoking have economic consequences and are the main risk factors of mortality and morbidity. Disease-specific deaths attributable to using substances present the primary health indicator in this study. This analysis focuses on mortality in productive age, 15 to 64 years since those deaths are considered the highest economic burden. Method: In the analytical part, data from the Registry of deaths of the Czech Republic for 1994 to 2017 were used. The number of deaths attributable to smoking and drinking was calculated using attributable fractions, based on literature review. This research aimed to reveal the gender differences in deaths attributable to drinking and smoking, according to age, and the differences in deaths regarding smoking or drinking. Results: The mortality attributable to smoking and drinking differs across age groups and genders. The highest median share of tobacco-related deaths is in the age group, 60—64 years. The highest median share of alcoholic deaths is in the age group of 50—54 years. Conclusions: There are significant differences between genders in both, smoking and drinking. A prevention program should be targeted to different age groups.

Incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease in the Czech Republic and serotype coverage by vaccines, 1997–2006

2008 ◽  
Vol 137 (4) ◽  
pp. 562-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. MOTLOVA ◽  
C. BENES ◽  
P. KRIZ
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Meningitis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Laboratory Surveillance ◽  
Notification Data

SUMMARYWe studied the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in the Czech Republic by analysing two sources of data. The incidence of pneumococcal meningitis based on routine notification data varied between 0·4 and 0·6/100 000 population between 1997 and 2006. The incidence of IPD based on laboratory surveillance varied between 2·3 and 4·3/100 000 population between 2000 and 2006. The annual IPD incidence remained stable during the study period. Estimates of absolute IPD case-load in the entire country varied from 235 to 437 per year. The age-specific incidence was highest in the <1 year age group, reaching 4·3/100 000 for pneumococcal meningitis in routine notification and 15·7/100 000 for IPD in laboratory-based surveillance data, respectively. A total of 1236 Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from cerebrospinal fluid and sterile body sites were investigated. The most frequent serotypes causing IPD in all ages were 3, 4, 14, 8 and 19F, accounting for 41·5% of all isolates. The most frequent serotypes by age group were: <1 year (6B and 19F); 1–4 years (14, 6B and 23F); 40–64 years (3, 8 and 4), and ⩾65 years (3, 4, 9N and 14). The coverage of serotypes in all age groups by pneumococcal vaccines ranged from 41·5% for 7-valent conjugate vaccine to 67·9% for 13-valent conjugate vaccine. The coverage of serotypes causing IPD is significantly different between infants/children and adults/elderly. PCV-7 coverage by age group was: <1 year (66·0%), 1–4 years (65·1%), 40–64 years (34·4%) and ⩾65 years (39·3%). Similar age differences between infants/children and adults/elderly were found in coverage by PCV-9, PCV-11 and PCV-13. The distribution of serotypes in the total population and individual age groups was stable during the period 2000–2006.

Partner Selection Across the Life-Course: Age Variation in Partner Preferences in the Czech Republic

2021 ◽  
pp. 136078042199237
Author(s):  
Jana Klímová Chaloupková ◽  
Renáta Topinková ◽  
Markéta Šetinová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Partner Preferences ◽  
Age Variation ◽  
The Life Course

The proportion of people seeking a partner later in life has increased in recent decades. However, studies exploring age variation in partner preferences are quite rare. We aim to fill this gap by examining the partner preferences for household care skills, financial resources, and education of unpartnered individuals aged 19–65 years ( n = 1145) who participated in speed-dating events in the Czech Republic. We hypothesized that the importance of these characteristics varies with age, and that this variance may differ for men and women. The results show that gender differences concerning these characteristics are mostly stable across age groups. The exception is the importance of household care skills, which increases for older men and decreases for older women. We found that older adults value financial resources more than younger adults, and that this increase is true for women and men. Finally, we did not find evidence that the importance of education differs with age.

scholarly journals Increase in meningococcal disease associated with the emergence of a novel ST-11 variant of serogroup C Neisseria meningitidis in Victoria, Australia, 1999–2000

2002 ◽  
Vol 128 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. TRIBE ◽  
A. M. ZAIA ◽  
J. M. GRIFFITH ◽  
P. M. ROBINSON ◽  
H. Y. LI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Dna Sequencing ◽  
Neisseria Meningitidis ◽  
Meningococcal Disease ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Housekeeping Gene ◽  
Restriction Pattern ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Age Group ◽  
The Czech Republic

In the years 1999–2000, there was an increase in the incidence of meningococcal disease in Victoria, largely caused by Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C. This change was associated with a shift in age distribution of cases, with relatively more disease appearing in the 15–29 year age group, and with 40/58 serogroup C isolates in 2000 exhibiting a new macrorestriction pattern (pattern A). Thirty-four of 52 pattern A isolates tested displayed the novel phenotype C:2a:P1.4, and were consistently porA VR type P1.7-2,4 by DNA sequencing. Nine of 10 representative pattern A isolates analysed displayed a housekeeping gene allele profile (ST-11) that is characteristic of the electrophoretic type (ET)-15 variant that has caused outbreaks in Canada, the Czech Republic and Greece. Meningococci belonging to the ST-11 complex that were isolated in Victoria prior to 1999 did not display either restriction pattern A or PorA VR type P1.7-2,4.

Exploring the Income of the Czech Entrepreneurs

2020 ◽  
pp. 86-96
Author(s):  
Ondřej Dvouletý
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Age Group ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
European Survey ◽  
Employed Women

Although individuals mostly pursue an entrepreneurial career from non-economic reasons, it is also interesting to see how well they perform in their business financially. This book chapter exploits two recent waves (2010, 2015) of the European Survey on Working Conditions (EWCS) and compares earnings of the Czech self-employed, concerning characteristics including job creation, gender, age, education, and number of working hours. The obtained findings from paired t-tests and correlations show that Czech self-employed with employees (job creators) earn on average by 14.6% more when compared to solo self-employed. Gender-differences in earnings have also been found in the case of the Czech entrepreneurs. Solo self-employed women earn on average less when compared to males. The highest earnings were observed in the age group of 31-40 years, and self-employed with higher levels of education also earn, on average more. This book chapter contributes to the regional knowledge on entrepreneurship in the Czech Republic.

scholarly journals  Faecal shedding of verotoxigenic Escherichia coli in cattle in the Czech Republic

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 149-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Alexa ◽  
L. Konstantinova ◽  
Z. Sramkova-Zajacova
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Immunomagnetic Separation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Somatic Antigen ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
E Coli ◽  
One Year

A survey to estimate the prevalence of verotoxigenic E. coli (VTEC) or enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) in rectal swabs from healthy dairy cattle aged three weeks, three months and one year was conducted in three herds from the Czech Republic. Screening for the presence of the stx1, stx2 and eaeA genes in faecal swab cultures was performed by PCR, and in positive samples, isolated colonies were examined. Immunomagnetic separation was used for the isolation of the VTEC serogroup O157 from samples. VTEC were detected in animals from all three herds under study. In the group of 3-week-old calves, VTEC were only detected in samples collected in the summer months. However, in the other age-groups, VTEC were detected in both the summer and winter months. EHEC shedding was observed in 30 to 100% of the total samples collected from cattle aged three months and one year in the summer months, and in 30 to 60% of samples taken in the winter months. EHEC strains of serogroup O157 were detected in two herds. The range of verotoxins shed by VTEC isolates of serogroup O157 differed between herds. Besides serogroup O157, additional EHEC belonging to the antigen groups O26, O103, O128 and O153 have been identified, and in some of them, no somatic antigen was detected.

Plant poisonings in children in the Czech Republic, 1996-2001

2003 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 467-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Vichova ◽  
Ludek Jahodar
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Complete Data ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Thorn Apple ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Poisoning In Children

Ingestion of or exposure to potentially poisonous plants is a relatively common presenting complaint in hospital paediatric departments, especially amongst toddlers. We present a retrospective study conducted to review the hospital admissions following acute childhood poisoning with plants in the Czech Republic over a 6-year period from 1996 to 2001. Six university hospital paediatric departments and two local hospital paediatric departments were involved in the study. Information and complete data on the cases were collected on the basis of all hospital medical records and internal hospital database outcomes. A total of 174 plant exposures were analysed to tabulate the list of top species involved in plant poisonings. The aims were to provide classification according to agent frequency, clinical presentations, severity of symptoms expressed, affected age groups and gender of patients and to evaluate the treatment according to patient outcome. The most frequent ingestions were of thorn apple seeds (14.9%), followed by dumb cane exposures (11.5%) and common yew (9.8%). Thorn apple, dumb cane, golden chain and raw beans caused the most serious symptoms. There were no fatalities reported out of the reviewed medical records. Complete data on plant poisoning in children from all over the territory of the Czech Republic are not available; however, we believe that the frequency of causes and the rank of plant species commonly involved are properly reflected in our study.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance in Fecal Escherichia coli Isolates from Healthy Urban Children of Two Age Groups in Relation to Their Antibiotic Therapy

2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 3005-3007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Literak ◽  
Radim Petro ◽  
Monika Dolejska ◽  
Erika Gruberova ◽  
Hana Dobiasova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Two Age Groups

ABSTRACTThe study was performed in the Czech Republic during 2007 to 2009. OfEscherichia coliisolates from 275 children aged 6 weeks, 36% (n= 177) were resistant to 1 to 7 antibiotics. Of isolates from 253 children aged 6 to 17 years, 24% (n= 205) were resistant to 1 to 5 antibiotics. There was no significant difference in the prevalences of antibiotic-resistantE. coliisolates between these groups of children, even though the consumptions of antibiotics were quite different.

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