scholarly journals A Theoretical Treatment of Memetic Traits Using Gene-Meme, Meme-Meme and Population Equilibrium

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Shuler
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Spreading Rate ◽  
Theoretical Treatment ◽  
Genetic Trait ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Transient Nature ◽  
Candidate Solution ◽  
Wide Group ◽  
Replication Factors ◽  
Selection Of

Background: Conceived as a unit of lasting cultural (mostly vertical) trait transmission, memes now include transient horizontally transmitted fads. Memes may sometimes follow the logic of population genetics, e.g. learned birdsong, but not always over the diverse range found in human hosts. Much current work focuses on selection of memes rather than hosts. Methods: We analyze equilibrium between gene-meme and meme-meme competing propagators and consider whether a meme is linked to reproduction (e.g. vertical culture transmission), or not. We employ a genetic component and combined meme induced fitness components for hosts, while memes have replication factors to distinguish from what’s good for the host (fitness). To anticipate future meme effects on population stability we use a Monte Carlo simulation roughly calibrated to the Industrial Revolution. Results: A basic effective calculus of memetic trait competition and interaction with genes is derived and analyzed. The transient nature of short term memes may be a defense against accumulation of deleterious memes. Horizontally transmitted (panmictic) memes with high spreading rate will often not equalize with a genetic trait, spreading outside of natural selection of the hosts, presenting a cumulative existential threat. Vertical transmission reduces replication rate and allows group selection against deleterious memes. Competing mutually exclusive memes contribute to inequality and altruism, but compete through adverse fitness since exclusivity assumes low conversion. Conclusions: The advantage of a portfolio of groups or species may not accrue to a single group. This analytical understanding elevates meme-risk to the level of a candidate solution to the so-called Fermi Paradox, as interstellar travel might require a planet wide group.

scholarly journals A Theoretical Treatment of Memetic Traits Using Gene-Meme, Meme-Meme and Population Equilibrium

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Shuler
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Spreading Rate ◽  
Theoretical Treatment ◽  
Genetic Trait ◽  
Transient Nature ◽  
Candidate Solution ◽  
Replication Factors ◽  
Population Equilibrium ◽  
Stability Results ◽  
Selection Of

Background: The term meme includes vertical trait transmission and laterally transmitted ideas that can be lasting or transient. Memes may sometimes follow the logic of population genetics, e.g. learned birdsong, but not when laterally transmitted. Much current work focuses on selection of memes rather than hosts. This paper investigates mathematically the interaction of behaviorally transmitted traits with host selection fitness. Methods: We analyze equilibrium between gene-meme and meme-meme competing propagators and consider whether a meme is linked to reproduction (e.g. vertical culture transmission), or not. We employ a genetic component and combined meme-induced fitness components for hosts, while memes have replication factors to distinguish from what’s good for the host (fitness). We use a Monte Carlo simulation roughly calibrated to the Industrial Revolution to study meme effects on population stability. Results: A basic effective calculus of memetic trait competition and interaction with genes is derived and analyzed. The transient nature of many lateral memes may be a defense against accumulation of deleterious memes. Laterally transmitted (panmictic) memes with high spreading rate will often not equalize with a genetic trait, spreading outside of natural selection of the hosts, presenting a cumulative existential threat. Vertical transmission reduces replication rate and allows group selection against deleterious memes. Competing mutually exclusive memes contribute to inequality and altruism, but compete through adverse fitness since exclusivity assumes low conversion. Conclusions: The advantage of a portfolio of groups or species may not accrue to a single group. This understanding elevates meme-risk to the level of a candidate solution to the so-called Fermi Paradox.

scholarly journals The Inspiration of European Countries’ Rural Value Orientation to China’s Rural Revitalization

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 205-210
Author(s):  
Yong-Sheng Xu
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Value Orientation ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Rural Revitalization ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Urbanization Rate ◽  
Rural Construction ◽  
Selection Of

The economy of European countries developed rapidly after the Western Industrial Revolution, and the rural areas of European countries also experienced long-term failure and depression. In the process of urbanization construction, the rural construction also faced many problems. In particular, after the urbanization rate exceeded 50%, European countries took targeted measures to revitalize rural areas in response to many problems in rural development, promoting the development process of urban-rural integration. Especially in Europe in the value orientation in the process of rural construction, there are many worth learning and using for reference of experience, in this paper, the European countries value index selection of rural construction, and implementation of rural construction scheme under this value orientation [1] research summary, draw lessons from the mature experience of the European countries rural construction, combined with China’s national conditions related to rural revitalization of advice are put forward.

scholarly journals Studi Empirik BUMN Pada PT PELINDO III Surabaya Pengaruh Intellectual Capital Terhadap Inovasi Organisasi

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-40
Author(s):  
Arfah Arfah
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Climate ◽  
Customer Service ◽  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Organizational Innovation ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Cultural Heterogeneity ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

The era of the industrial revolution 4.0. In the last century, experts have increasingly convinced that the intellectual resources of an organization determine the competitive advantage of an organization in accelerating the effectiveness of artificial intelligence, especially in presenting the best customer service innovation products. However, there are only a few studies on the relationship between intellectual capital and innovation. Based on the importance of these issues, this study aims to examine the impact of intellectual capital on organizational innovation. Questionnaires have been distributed to 100 employees of PT. Pelindo from Indonesian State-Owned Enterprises (BUMN), and 82 usable questionnaires were returned. The regression statistical method analysis was used to test the hypothesis. The results of the research simultaneously show that intellectual capital has a positive and significant effect on organizational innovation. The next test results partially prove that human capital, organizational capital, and relational capital have a significant and positive effect on organizational innovation. This study opens several pathways for innovation program projects in future Indonesian organizations. The significance of the findings of this study shows the practical implications of the support in the next roadmap on research and development (R&D) of Human Resources and innovation of Indonesian BUMN organizations, particularly at PT. Pelindo as one of the important pillars in the success of the vision of the Indonesian government's maritime axis. Based on the high level of socio-cultural heterogeneity in Indonesia, the implications of follow-up studies are important to expand the sample of employees to a larger and more diverse range and combine other independent variables (such as demographic factors, organizational culture, organizational climate, leadership, job satisfaction or other motivational factors) which may result in different study findings and recommendations.

scholarly journals Et Tu Ru? Entrepreneurship and the Commodification of Drag in RuPaul’s Drag Race

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Buck
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Reality Tv ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Drag Queen ◽  
The Face ◽  
Value Changes ◽  
Historical Moment ◽  
Tv Show ◽  
International Success ◽  
Selection Of

Historically, drag is a taboo which has been marginalized in the face of centuries of repression against non-heteronormative activity. Yet today drag has become highly visible in popular culture, and this is in large part attributable to the international success of American reality TV show RuPaul’s Drag Race (2009-present). Its bold representation of drag on a mainstream television show is unprecedented and the selection of drag queen competitors by the show’s producers has demonstrated a plethora of representations as Drag Race showcases a diverse range of identifications from the world of drag performance. The blossoming of Drag Race’s success comes at a historical moment in which we are seeing a huge proliferation of queer representations (re)produced in US television and other media over the last decade. However, as I will argue, the apparent liberalization of drag queens in popular culture is not simply a celebration of so-called ‘progress’ in the recognition of the marginalized, but may also be prompting the promotion of other value changes within late capitalism’s ideals of consumerism and entrepreneurship. Contestants are increasingly pressured to construct their drag performances to conform to a recognizable brand to reach the heights of their own private ‘success’. Mainstreamed depictions of queer subjects are susceptible to co-option, particularly in televisual forms such as Drag Race which prospers by channelling the emancipatory and subversive desires of the subculture. Through trans-textual considerations and historical contextualizations, I show how the representation of drag in Drag Race is depoliticized through neoliberal discourse as the show’s continual demand for competitors to ‘work it’ privileges and maintains the impetus for competitive profitmaking above the needs and demands of disempowered groups.

scholarly journals P016: Junior and senior clinician educators rank key medical education articles differently depending on topic

CJEM ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (S1) ◽  
pp. S62-S62
Author(s):  
K. Lam ◽  
T.M. Chan ◽  
M. Gottlieb ◽  
S. Shamshoon
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Multilevel Regression ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Clinical Educators ◽  
Clinician Educators ◽  
Building Process ◽  
Senior Clinician ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Significant Divergence ◽  
Selection Of

Introduction: Medical education includes a diverse range of topics and disciplines. For junior clinician educators, it may be difficult to get a grasp of pertinent literature. Our study aims to retrospectively identify whether senior clinician educators (SCEs) and junior clinician educators (JCEs) differ in their selection of what they perceive as key medical education articles. Methods: As a part of the Academic Life in Emergency Medicine (ALiEM) Faculty Incubator program, we developed a series of primer articles for JCEs over the preceding year, designed to enhance their educational growth by identifying and discussing key articles within specific medical education arenas. Each set of articles within the primer series were selected based on data collected from JCEs and SCEs, who ranked the specific articles with respect to their perceived relevancy to the JCEs. ANOVA analysis was performed for each of the nine primer series to determine whether there was a statistically significant difference between senior and junior CEs ratings of articles. Results: 216 total articles were evaluated within the nine different primer topics. Through a multilevel regression analysis of the data, no statistically significant difference was found between the rankings of papers by SCEs and JCEs (95%CI: -0.27, 0.40). However, a subgroup analysis of the data found that 3 of the 9 primers showed statistically significant divergence based on seniority (p<0.05). Conclusion: Based on this data, involvement of JCEs in the consensus-building process was important in identifying divergence in views between JCEs and SCEs in one-third of cases. To our knowledge, no other group have compared whether junior and senior clinical educators may have divergent opinions about the relevance of medical education literature. Our findings suggest that it may be important to involve JCEs in selecting articles that are worthwhile for their learning, since SCEs may not fully understand their needs.

Elastomer Behavior IV. Loop Structure of Elastomer Networks

1966 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 1489-1495
Author(s):  
L. C. Case ◽  
R. V. Wargin
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Strain Curve ◽  
Uniaxial Stress ◽  
Polymer Chains ◽  
Theoretical Treatment ◽  
Loop Structure ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Strain Behavior ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract A new theoretical treatment strongly indicates that an elastomer network actually consists of a system of fused, closed, interpenetrating loops of polymer chains. This interpenetrating loop structure restricts the movement of the chains and thereby affects the stress-strain behavior of the elastomer. Methods have been developed to enable the calculation of the number of effective crosslinks caused by loop interpenetrations (virtual crosslinks). The uniaxial stress-strain behavior of an elastomer predicted using our methods can be fitted almost perfectly to published experimental data by proper selection of chain parameters. Previous theoretical treatments gave only a qualitative fit to the experimental data for the stress-strain behavior of elastomers and were not capable of predicting the correct shape of the experimental stress-strain curve. The present treatment gives a nearly perfect fit for both stress as a function of strain at constant crosslink density, and stress as a function of crosslink density at constant strain, and thus represents a vast improvement.

scholarly journals Chiari Malformation-I with Syringomyelia: A Non-specific Presentation and Surgical Consideration

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-108
Author(s):  
Jemesh S Maharjan ◽  
Pranaya Shrestha ◽  
Avinash Chandra ◽  
Pravesh Rajbhandari ◽  
Samir Acharya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Chiari Malformation ◽  
Foramen Magnum ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Tonsillar Herniation ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Broad Perspective ◽  
Surgical Options ◽  
Chiari I ◽  
Selection Of

Chiari Malformation-I is a congenital disorder characterized by the anatomical defect of the base of skull with tonsillar herniation (≥5 mm) below the foramen magnum, which is detected on MRI. It has a diverse range of symptoms with non-specific presentation leading to the chances of misdiagnosis and untimely recognition of the disorder. Syringomyelia is the most common result of Chiari-I. The selection of surgical or non-surgical management depends upon the patient symptoms and the presence of absence of Syringomyelia. The objective of this case report is to give a broad perspective on Chiari Malformation-I from the symptoms and clinical findings obtained in a patient with Syringomyelia associated with Chiari Malformation-I and to discuss about the different surgical options as well as the psychological support required for the management of the condition.Nepal Journal of Neuroscience. Vol. 13, No. 2, 2016, Page: 105-108 

scholarly journals Host Selection of Symbiotic Cyanobacteria in 31 Species of the Australian Cycad Genus: Macrozamia (Zamiaceae)

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 811-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle M. Gehringer ◽  
Jasper J. L. Pengelly ◽  
William S. Cuddy ◽  
Claus Fieker ◽  
Paul I. Forster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Host Specialization ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Cyanobacterial Species ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Selection Of

The nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium Nostoc is a commonly occurring terrestrial and aquatic cyanobacterium often found in symbiosis with a wide range of plant, algal, and fungal species. We investigated the diversity of cyanobacterial species occurring within the coralloid roots of different Macrozamia cycad species at diverse locations throughout Australia. In all, 74 coralloid root samples were processed and 56 endosymbiotic cyanobacteria were cultured. DNA was isolated from unialgal cultures and a segment of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced. Microscopic analysis was performed on representative isolates. Twenty-two cyanobacterial species were identified, comprising mostly Nostoc spp. and a Calothrix sp. No correlation was observed between a cycad species and its resident cyanobiont species. The predominant cyanobacterium isolated from 18 root samples occurred over a diverse range of environmental conditions and within 14 different Macrozamia spp. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that endosymbionts were not restricted to previously described terrestrial species. An isolate clustering with Nostoc PCC7120, an aquatic strain, was identified. This is the first comprehensive study to identify the endosymbionts within a cycad genus using samples obtained from their natural habitats. These results indicate that there is negligible host specialization of cyanobacterial endosymbionts within the cycad genus Macrozamia in the wild.

scholarly journals 14C Marine Reservoir Variability in Herbivores and Deposit-Feeding Gastropods from an Open Coastline, Papua New Guinea

Radiocarbon ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 54 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 967-978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona Petchey ◽  
Sean Ulm ◽  
Bruno David ◽  
Ian J McNiven ◽  
Brit Asmussen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Subsistence Economy ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Protocol Selection ◽  
Deposit Feeding ◽  
Selection Of

Herbivorous and deposit-feeding gastropods are a major component of archaeological shell middens worldwide. They provide a wealth of information about subsistence, economy, environment, and climate, but are generally considered to be less than ideal for radiocarbon dating because they can ingest sediment while they graze, inadvertently consuming terrestrial carbon in the process. However, few studies of 14C activity in herbivores or deposit-feeding gastropods have been conducted into this diverse range of animals that inhabit many environmental niches. Here, we present results investigating 14C variability in shells belonging to the families Strombidae and Potamididae from the Bogi 1 archaeological site, Caution Bay, southern coastal Papua New Guinea (PNG). These shells make up 39.3% of the shell MNI in the excavation units studied and some of these species are the most common taxa of neighboring sites. It would therefore be advantageous to establish if there are any 14C offsets associated with such animals, and identify those that can give reliable calendar ages. Our methodology combines a high-resolution excavation protocol, selection of short-lived samples identified to species level, and a triisotope approach using 14C, δ13C, and δ18O to evaluate the source of variability in shells. Our results indicate that considerable variation exists between different species of Strombidae with some inhabiting muddier environments that act as sinks for limestone-derived sediments with depleted 14C content. The magnitude of variation is, however, overshadowed by that measured in the mudwhelk, Cerithidea largillierti, which has the largest spread in 14C of any shellfish studied so far at Caution Bay. This animal ingests sediment within the estuary that contains 14C derived from both enriched and depleted sources.

scholarly journals KOMUNIKASI VIRTUAL GAME ONLINE DEFENCE OF THE ANCIENT–DOTA 2 PADA KOMUNITAS RAZER GAMING DEPOK VIRTUAL COMMUNICATION IN THE DEFENCE OF THE ANCIENT–DOTA 2 ONLINE GAME AT THE RAZER GAMING DEPOK COMMUNITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Teguhta Teguhta ◽  
Amri Dunan
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Virtual Communities ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Online Game ◽  
Virtual Communication ◽  
Data Presentation ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Collection Data ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Virtual Game

Abstract In the era of the industrial revolution 4.0, virtual communication tends to be preferred over face-to-face communication among teenagers. Virtual communication is usually carried out in virtual communities that share a hobby like online game players.interviews and observations method were used on data collection.  Data presentation, categorization, and data reduction are carried out at the data analysis stage. Data triangulation is done to conclude. The findings of this study are the virtual communication all channels patterns apply in Depok Razer Gaming Community. Virtual communication often used about the selection of strategies in the online game Dota 2.Keywords: virtual communication, online game  Abstrak Kalangan remaja cenderung lebih menyukai komunikasi virtual dibandingkan dengan komunikasi tatap muka pada era revolusi industri 4.0 saat  ini. Komunitas virtual yang memiliki kesamaan hobi seperti para pemain game online biasanya melakukan komunikasi virtual. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi pola komunikasi virtual dalam game online Defence of the Ancient–Dota 2 dalam Komunitas Razer Gaming Depok. Penelitian ini menggunakan.  pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif . Pengumpulan data  di lapangan menggunakan metode wawancara dan pengamatan. Pada tahapan analisis data peneliti melakukan penyajian data, pengkategorisasian, dan reduksi data. Peneliti melakukan triangulasi data yang ada untuk penarikan kesimpulan. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa  pola komunikasi virtual yang berlangsung di Komunitas Razer Gaming Depok adalah pola komunikasi semua saluran (all channel). Komunikasi virtual sering membahas tentang pemilihan strategi dalam game online Dota 2. Kata Kunci : komunikasi virtual,  game online 

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