scholarly journals Nursery Culture of Mud Crab, Genus Scylla, a Review: The Current Progress and Future Directions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nur Syafaat ◽  
Mohamad Nor Azra ◽  
Khor Waiho ◽  
Ambok Bolong Abol-Munafi ◽  
Mohammad Syahnon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Good Survival ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Mud Crab ◽  
Shrimp Culture ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Nursery Culture ◽  
Rearing Techniques ◽  
Maintenance Process

This study attempted to explain the definition, objectives, and key stages in mud crab nursery activities. The nursery stages of Scylla spp was started from megalopa stage to several crablet instar stages or started from earlier crablet stage to several crablet stages. Direct stocking of megalopa into ponds is not recommended due to their sensitivity. Instead, nursery rearing is needed to produce mud crab of larger size before stocking. Individual nursery rearing results in higher survival rate (up to 100%), but with reduced growth rate, and a more complicated maintenance process compared with communal rearing. Nursery of mud crab can be done indoors, or outdoors, with adequate shelter and feed required to obtain good survival and growth performance. Artemia nauplii are the main, established nursery feed, particularly at megalopa stage, while survival rate may be improved if combined with artificial feed, such as micro bound diet formulations. Water quality parameters, identical to those proposed in tiger shrimp culture, can followed. Crablets may be transported to the pond location with, or without water. The provision of monosex seeds from mud crab hatcheries is expected to become more common, increasing seed price, and thus improving income of farmers. Numerous aspects of mud crab nursery, including nutrition, feeding strategies, understanding of their behaviour, i.e., cannibalism, control of environmental factors, and practical rearing techniques, still need further improvement.

scholarly journals A Review of the Nursery Culture of Mud Crabs, Genus Scylla: Current Progress and Future Directions

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2034
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nur Syafaat ◽  
Mohamad Nor Azra ◽  
Khor Waiho ◽  
Hanafiah Fazhan ◽  
Ambok Bolong Abol-Munafi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Good Survival ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Mud Crab ◽  
Nursery Culture ◽  
Survival Percentage ◽  
Live Feed ◽  
Rearing Techniques ◽  
Mud Crabs

The nursery stages of mud crab, genus Scylla, proceed from the megalopa stage to crablet instar stages. We review the definition and several of the key stages in mud crab nursery activities. The practice of the direct stocking of megalopa into ponds is not recommended due to their sensitivity. Instead, nursery rearing is needed to grow-out mud crabs of a larger size before pond stocking. Individual nursery rearing results in a higher survival rate at the expense of growth and a more complicated maintenance process compared with communal rearing. The nursery of mud crabs can be done both indoors or outdoors with adequate shelter and feed required to obtain a good survival percentage and growth performance. Artemia nauplii are still irreplaceable as nursery feed, particularly at the megalopa stage, while the survival rate may be improved if live feed is combined with artificial feed such as microbound diet formulations. Water quality parameters, identical to those proposed in tiger shrimp cultures, can be implemented in mud crab rearing. The transportation of crablets between different locations can be done with or without water. The provision of monosex seeds from mud crab hatcheries is expected to become commonplace, increasing seed price and thus improving the income of farmers. Numerous aspects of a mud crab nursery including nutrition; feeding strategies; understanding their behaviour, i.e., cannibalism; control of environmental factors and practical rearing techniques still need further improvement.

scholarly journals Impact of In-Pond Nursery of Shrimp (Penaeus monodon) Post Larvae on the Survival Rate and Production Under Modified Improved Culture System

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
ML Islam ◽  
MJ Alam
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Culture System ◽  
Penaeus Monodon ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Shrimp Culture ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Respective Treatment ◽  
Short Time

To observe the effectiveness of short time in-pond nursery of post larvae (PL) on the survival rate and production of shrimp (Penaeus monodon) under modified improved culture system, an experiment was conducted in earthen ponds at Brackishwater Station of Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Khulna. Results of the experiment revealed that short time in-pond nursery of PL provided the significantly higher (p<0.05) survival rate (58%) than direct stocking of PL (47.81%) in the rearing pond. In-pond nursery of PL provided 9.95% better survival rate than direct stocking. The production of shrimp was 661 kg/ha under in-pond nursery of PL and it was 534 kg/ha under direct stocking of PL in rearing ponds. The production of shrimp was also significantly higher (p<0.05) under in-pond nursery system than direct stocking of PL in rearing ponds. Final weight gain and Food Conversion Ratio (FCR) values were similar in both the treatments. Water quality parameters in both stocking systems were insignificant and it was within the range of shrimp culture. In this study, the increment in production under in-pond nursery system was mainly due to the increase of survival rate in the respective treatment was ascertained.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v19i2.16958 Progress. Agric. 19(2): 167 - 175, 2008

scholarly journals USE OF SPONGE, Callyspongia basilana EXTRACT AS ADDITIVE MATERIAL ON TIGER SHRIMP CULTURE

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Rosmiati Rosmiati ◽  
Emma Suryati ◽  
Arifuddin Tompo
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Shrimp Culture ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Tiger Shrimp ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Color Profile ◽  
Additive Materials

Blue shrimp disease is one of the main problems in tiger shrimp culture. It reduces shrimp quality which eventually will decrease its market price. Blue shrimp is caused by deficiency of nutrition and additive materials such as carotene and other nutrient which function as vitamin source for important metabolic processes and formation of color profile in shrimp and fish. The aims of this study were to study the application effect of carotenoid extract of sponge Callyspongia basilana, as an additive material on the ability of shrimp to get back to normal state after suffering blue shrimp disease and survival rate of shrimp and to find out the optimal concentration of sponge carotenoid extract to cure the diseased shrimp. This study was consisted of two steps namely; (1). Extraction of sponge carotenoid by maseration and fractionation using acetone and petroleum ether solvents and (2), the application of carotenoid extract on the diseased shrimp. The research was arranged in a complete randomized design with four experiments consisted of (A). Control (without carotenoid extract); (B),(C), and (D) carotetoid extract addition of 3 mg/L, 6 mg/L, and 9 mg/L respectively with three replication each. The test animal used were blue diseased tiger shrimp with the density of 15 ind./container having 7.5–9.5 cm in size and the average weight of 5.5–10.0 g. The study showed that Callyspongia basilana carotenoid extract was able to change blue diseased shrimp to be normal within six days at the concentration of 9 mg/L. The highest survival rate was found in the experiment D (93.3%). Meanwhile, the lowest was obtained by the control population (13.3%) and the other two treatments were 80.0%(C) and 73.3% (B). The average of water quality parameters such as temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, salinity, nitrite, and ammonia were in the suitable range for the growth and survival rate of tiger shrimp.

scholarly journals Effects of Different Types of Feed on the Growth and Survival Rate of Betta splendens

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Resti Ayu NengTias ◽  
Ni Luh Watiniasih ◽  
Ayu Putu Wiweka Krisna Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Betta Splendens ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Absolute Weight ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Artificial Food ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Absolute Length

Betta fish (Betta splendens) are freshwater ornamental fish that is very popular because it’s beautiful colors and unique behavior. This study aims to determine the growth measuring weight and length as well as the survival rate of betta fish seeds by providing different types of food that was conducted in door at Tulungagung, East Java, Indonesia. The study was experimentally designed with completely randomized design consisting of 3 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments A was fed with Tubifex sp., treatment B with artificial food (pellets), and treatment C was  consisted of a combination of Tubifex sp., and artificial food. The test fish were 30 days old with a stocking density of 5/plastic bucket, where feeding was done ad-libitum. The study was conducted for 42 days. The parameters measured in this study were the growth in absolute weight and absolute length and its survival rate. Observations were analyzed using One Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and further tests were carried out using the Duncan test. The results show that different feeding strategies had a significant effect on the growth of absolute weight and absolute length, and had no significant effect on the survival rate of betta fish. Water quality parameters measured include an average temperature was valued at 25.01oC-25.87oC, while the average pH was 8.42-8.47, and average dissolved oxygen (DO) was 4.13-4.17 mg/L.

scholarly journals FREKUENSI VAKSINASI UNTUK PENCEGAHAN PENYAKIT PADA BUDI DAYA UDANG WINDU ( Penaeus monodon Fabr.) DI TAMBAK

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Arifuddin Tompo ◽  
Endang Susianingsih ◽  
Mun Imah Madeali
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Penaeus Monodon ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Shrimp Culture ◽  
Tiger Shrimp ◽  
Value Range ◽  
And Control ◽  
Effective Result

Pencegahan dan penanggulangan penyakit pada budi daya udang windu dewasa ini dilakukan dengan cara merangsang kekebalan spesifik udang dengan menggunakan immunostimulan, namun optimalisasi penggunaannya masih perlu dilakukan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengoptimalisasikan penggunaan immunostimulan untuk dapat memberikan hasil yang efektif terhadap pencegahan penyakit pada budi daya udang windu. Immunostimulan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah hasil ekstraksi dari bakteri, Vibrio harveyii yang dilemahkan dengan formalin 1%. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan empat perlakuan: A= vaksinasi empat kali sebulan, B= vaksinasi dua kali sebulan, C= vaksinasi sekali sebulan, dan D= tanpa vaksin (kontrol) yang diulang sebanyak tiga kali. Aplikasi dolomit diberikan dua kali per minggu untuk semua perlakuan dengan dosis 5—10 mg/L untuk tiap kali penggunaan. Padat penebaran sebanyak 60.000 ekor/ha dengan pola tradisional plus. Hasil pengamatan memperlihatkan bahwa perlakuan B (vaksinasi dua kali sebulan) memberikan sintasan yang tertinggi yaitu 91,5% dengan produksi tertinggi yaitu 84,0 kg. Pengamatan terhadap populasi bakteri Vibrio sp. pada lingkungan berada pada kisaran 102—103 cfu/mL yang masih layak bagi lingkungan dan budi daya udang sedangkan untuk kualitas air pada beberapa parameter juga berada pada kisaran yang layak untuk budi daya udang.In recent years the prevention and control of diseases on tiger shrimp culture has been stimulated by specific immunostimulan such as vaccine. How ever the optimalization used of immunostimulan have to be conducted. Based on that information, the study aims to optimalized the using of immunostimulan to give the effective result on diseases prevention on tiger shrimp culture. The immunostimulan used in this research was extracted from vibrio by formalin killed 1% with four treatments i.e. A= four times of vaccination a month, B= two times of vaccination a monts, C= once of vaccination a month and, D= control (non vaccination). Dolomite application was given two times a week for all treatments with the dosage 5—10 mg/ L. The results shows that the treatment B (two times of vaccination a month) exhibit the survival rate i.e. 91.5% it is higher than A, C, and D treatments with highest production 84.0 kg. Observation on the population of Vibrio sp. value range 102—103 cfu/mL that’s normally condition both on environmental and shrimp culture, and water quality parameters was still in normal condition.

scholarly journals Studi Kegiatan Budidaya Pembesaran Udang Vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) dengan Penerapan Sistem Pemeliharaan Berbeda [Study of Vaname Shrimp Culture (Litopenaeus vannamei) in Different Rearing System]

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sulastri Arsad ◽  
Ahmad Afandy ◽  
Atika P Purwadhi ◽  
Betrina Maya V ◽  
Dhira K Saputra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Shrimp Culture ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Good Presentation

                                                               AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan monitoring kualitas air di tambak budidaya udang vaname, membandingkan efektivitas penerapan budidaya dengan sistem pemeliharaan berbeda pada tambak dan variasi pemberian pakan. Pada kegiatan ini, empat tambak budidaya digunakan sebagai tempat pembesaran udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei). Parameter yang diukur meliputi parameter fisika dan kimia yaitu suhu, kecerahan, pH, oksigen terlarut, salinitas, amonia, dan alkalinitas; sedangkan performa pertumbuhan organisme budidaya dilihat dengan cara menghitung tingkat kelulushidupan (survival rate) udang pada akhir pemeliharaan, efisiensi konsumsi pakan melalui perhitungan FCR, dan laju pertumbuhan spesifik udang (SGR) dengan menghitung ABW (Average Body weight) dan ADG (Average Daily Growth) udang. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa secara keseluruhan kisaran kualitas air yang diperoleh masih dalam keadaan layak untuk kegiatan budidaya dan bahkan Tambak 3 dan 4 menunjukkan kisaran optimum untuk kualitas air budidaya, sedangkan untuk parameter performa pertumbuhan, pada Tambak 3 dan 4 diperoleh nilai SR lebih dari 80 %, dan Tambak 1 dan 2 mempunyai SR di bawah 70 %. Selain itu, nilai FCR berada di bawah 1.7 pada tambak 3 dan 4, sedangkan pada Tambak 1 dan 2 nilainya lebih dari 1.7. Terakhir untuk nilai SGR, Tambak 3 dan 4 juga menunjukkan presentasi yang bagus jika dibandingkan Tambak 1 dan 2. Secara komprehensif, dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan sistem pemeliharaan dengan menggunakan sistem flok pada Tambak 3 dan 4 meningkatkan performa kualitas air dan hasil produksi dibandingkan pada Tambak 1 dan 2.                                                                 AbstractThe aim of this study was to monitor water quality in vaname culture pond and compare the application of different rearing culture system and feeding variations. Four ponds culture were used as vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) growth place. Measured parameters include physical and chemical factors such as temperature,brightness, pH, DO, salinity, ammonia, and alkalinity, while growth shrimp performance showed by SGR, SR and FCR. The research result of the water quality parameters show an adequate range values for all of the ponds and good enough for shrimp growth, and especially an optimum range value presented in pond three and four. Survival rate (SR) both pond 3 and 4 exhibit a good presentation that is more than 80%, whereas pond 1 and 2 were just less than 70% of SR value. The specific growth rate (SGR) presents also a good presentation in Pond 3 and 4 rather than pond 1 and 2. Based on the feed consumption, pond 1 and 2 show high FCR that is more than 1.7 while pond 3 and 4 present smaller FCR value which is less than 1.7. Finally, it could be concluded that application of floc in culture rearing system of pond 3 and 4 increase water quality and production value than pond 1 and 2.

scholarly journals SUHU OPTIMAL UNTUK KELANGSUNGAN HIDUP PEMELIHARAAN LARVA IKAN BOTIA (Chromobotia macrachantus)

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Muarofah Ghofur ◽  
Muhammad Sugihartono ◽  
Husna Daya Aulia
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
High Level

Temperature is one of the most dominant water quality parameters on the survival of fish, and almost every living organism has the optimum temperature for its life. One of the obstacles in the cultivation activity is the high level of death in the most critical phase of the larvae so that the handling and carrying capacity of optimal environmental conditions can minimize the death of the larvae as well as the extreme temperature changes will also cause higher death rates of larvae. In the maintenance effort, the quality and quantity of the resulting larva becomes an important factor, as the success of production support to reach the next phase. Therefore, to find out the larval synthesis is done research about the optimum temperature with treatment temperature 240C, 260C, 280C and 300C to the survival of maintenance of botia larvae (Chromobotia macrachantus). The water quality parameters of CO2, NH3, DO, and pH are carried out at the beginning and end of the study for 28 days. The results showed that the highest survival rate at temperature treatment 240C and 260C with a value of 100%.Keywords : Botia Larvae, Temperature, Survival Rate AbstrakSuhu merupakan salah satu parameter kualitas air yang sangat dominan terhadap kelangsungan hidup ikan, dan hampir setiap organisme yang hidup didalamnya memiliki suhu optimum untuk kehidupannya. Salah satu kendala dalam kegiatan budidaya adalah tingginya tingkat kematian pada fase paling kritis yaitu larva sehingga penanganan dan daya dukung kondisi lingkungan yang optimal dapat meminimalisir kematian larva demikian pula dengan perubahan suhu yang ekstrim juga akan menyebabkan tingkat kematian larva semakin tinggi. Dalam upaya pemeliharaan, kualitas dan kuantitas larva yang dihasilkan menjadi faktor penting, sebagai penunjang keberhasilan produksi  hingga mencapai fase selanjutnya. Oleh karena itu, untuk mengetahui sintasan larva dilakukan penelitian mengenai suhu optimal dengan suhu perlakuan 240C, 260C, 280C dan 300C terhadap kelangsungan hidup pemeliharaan larva ikan botia (Chromobotia macrachantus). Parameter kualitas air yitu CO2, NH3, DO, dan pH dilakukan pada awal dan akhir penelitian yang dilakukan selama 28 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kelangsungan hidup tertinggi pada perlakuan suhu 240C dan 260C dengan nilai sebesar 100%.Kata Kunci : Larva Botia, Suhu,Tingkat Kelangsungan Hidup

scholarly journals SURVIVAL EVALUATION AND SOIL REINFORCEMENT CAPACITY OF FIVE REOPHYTES SPECIES OF THE ATLANTIC RAINFOREST BIOME

FLORESTA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 477
Author(s):  
Junior Joel Dewes ◽  
Charles Rodrigo Belmonte Maffra ◽  
Rita Dos Santos Sousa ◽  
Fabrício Jaques Sutili
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Soil Reinforcement ◽  
Good Survival ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Mechanical Reinforcement ◽  
Pullout Resistance ◽  
Level Of Significance

The aim of this study was to evaluate the survival rate, the vegetative development and vertical pullout resistance of Phyllanthus sellowianus, Salix humboldtiana, Gymnanthes schottiana, Cephallanthus glabratus and Ludwigia elegans propagated by live cuttings. The experiment was conducted at the Federal University of Santa Maria, RS. The experiment was installed in October 2015 and evaluated in June 2016. Experiment was conducted in randomized blocks design with use of 5 plant species and 3 replications. In each block were planted 3 live cuttings of each species, with the total of 45 cuttings for the 3 blocks. The space between plants was of 1 x 1 m. Live cuttings average diameter was 1.7 cm and 60 cm long. Were evaluated the survival rate, morphological variables from shoots, as well as the vertical pullout resistance for each species. The observed survival rates were: P. sellowianus (100%), S. humboldtiana (100%), G. schottiana (83%), %), C. glabratus (67%) e L. elegans (50%), which are statistically different among themselves by Chi-square test (χ ²) at 5% level of significance. The variables, length and diameter of shoots, as well as the vertical pullout resistance are statistically different between species by Tukey’s test at 5% level of significance, and the best results were observed for P. sellowianus and less favorable to L. elegans. The results showed that the evaluated species, excluding L. elegans, had from great to good survival rates. The species P. sellowianus and L. elegans had the major and minor soil mechanical reinforcement capacity, respectively.Keywords: Soil Bioengineering, land reclamation, soil stabilization, vegetative propagation.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT pH SETTINGS ON GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF COMMON CARP RAJADANU STRAIN

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitas Atmadi Prakoso ◽  
Deni Radona
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Common Carp ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Fish Length ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Fish Group ◽  
Ph Range

pH is one of the important water quality parameters in aquaculture. This study aimed to observe the growth performance and survival rate of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) Rajadanu strain reared in culture media with different pH levels. Fish (length: 3.60 ± 0.18 cm; weight: 1.68 ± 0.18 g) were stocked in nine aquariums (40 cm x 40 cm x 30 cm) for 10 days with a stocking density of 25 fish per aquarium. The treatments used were (A) pH 4-5, (B) pH 5-6, and (C) pH 6-7, with three replications. A commercial feed containing 28% protein was given daily and as much as 3% of the total biomass. The observed data were analyzed using variance analysis (ANOVA), followed by Duncan test. The results showed that the pH treatments did not affect the growth (length and weight) and survival rate of common carp Rajadanu strain (P>0.05). The best growth was achieved by the fish group reared in water with a pH range of 6-7 (length = 0.38 cm; weight = 0.17 g). The highest survival was attained by the fish group reared in water with a pH range of 5-6 (90.66%).

scholarly journals Panjang Karapas dan Laju Pertumbuhan Spesifik Kepiting Bakau (Scylla serrata) yang diberi Jenis Pakan Berbeda di Area Ekowisata Kampung Kepiting, Bali

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Ni Desak Putu Ida Suryani ◽  
Pande Gde Sasmita Julyantoro ◽  
Ayu Putu Wiweka Krisna Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Quality Parameter ◽  
Scylla Serrata ◽  
Coastal Vegetation ◽  
Water Quality Parameter ◽  
Mud Crab ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Critical Components

Mangrove forest is tropical coastal vegetation that grow on muddy and sandy soils which affected by sea tides. One of important commercial species that live in mangrove ecosystem is the mud crab (Scylla serrata). Feed and water quality have been considered as critical components for supporting the growth both of weight and carapace length of this species. This study was conducted from January to February 2017 in the area of ??Ecotourism Kampung Kepiting, Bali. The influence of different natural feed such as Jerbung shrimp (Penaeus merguiensis), Mollusca, lemuru fish (Sardinella lemuru) and sea worms (Nereis sp.) on the growth performance of the mud crab were investigated. Water quality parameter data such as pH, DO, temperature, salinity and ammonium were also collected. The obtained data were analyzed by using variance analysis of Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) version 21. The result showed that the use of different types of feed have no effect on  the length of carapace, but it has significantly influence on  the specific growth rate of mud crab. Finally, different types of the given feeding were still resulted in the save range of water quality parameters for mud crab culture.

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