scholarly journals Passaggio Peak Coefficient as an Indicator of Singer Advancement

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateusz Gawlik ◽  
Wiesław Wszołek
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Singing Voice ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Vocal Registers ◽  
Egg Signal

In the last few years, researchers have paid increasing attention to singing voice evaluations.In their studies, they observed changes in the vibrations of the vocal folds during the transi-tion of registers. Additionally, they also found that these changes are less visible and audiblein the case of skilled singers. In order to confirm this theory we defined a new parameter,the Passaggio Peak Coefficient (PPC), obtained from an EGG signal to analyse pitch andopen quotient jump characteristics during the transition of vocal registers among 21 femaleand male choir members with different singing skills. The Kruskal-Wallis test proved thatit is possible to distinguish vocal skills, based on the ability to smoothen transitions amongfemale singers at a 5% significance level.

Historical Approaches in Revealing the Singing Voice, PART 1

2016 ◽  
pp. 964-990
Author(s):  
Harm K. Schutte
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Singing Voice ◽  
Voice Production ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Vocal Registers ◽  
Laryngeal Imaging ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries ◽  
Vibratory Pattern ◽  
Opening And Closing

Reviewing hundreds of years of history, this chapter details the development of means of visualizing the larynx and the vocal folds, and explores how these technologies influenced theories of voice production. Key investigators in vocal physiology are discussed, and their contributions put into context with modern understandings of voice production. These leaders helped bring about the growth of the field of laryngology, which occurred in parallel with improvements in laryngeal imaging. The chapter tracks these developments, starting with Garcia’s laryngeal mirror, then continues through the rest of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Among the innovations described are the use of stroboscopy to study the opening and closing vibratory pattern in different vocal registers; the development and application in Groningen of videokymography to examine fast and irregular vibratory events; and the development of VoceVista, a non-invasive tool which combines electroglottography with acoustical information on the sung production.

Contribution of Glottic Insufficiency to Perceived Breathiness in Classically Trained Singers

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Graham ◽  
Vrushali Angadi ◽  
Joanna Sloggy ◽  
Joseph Stemple
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Airflow Rate ◽  
Singing Voice ◽  
Glottic Insufficiency ◽  
Maximum Phonation Time ◽  
Breath Management ◽  
Subglottal Pressure ◽  
Glottal Insufficiency ◽  
Voice Students

Breathiness in the singing voice is problematic for classical singers. Voice students and singing teachers typically attribute breathiness to breath management issues and breathing technique. The present study sought to determine whether glottic insufficiency may also contribute to breathiness in a singer’s voice. Studies have revealed a relationship between insufficient vocal fold closure and inefficiency in the speaking voice. However, the effect of insufficient vocal fold closure on vocal efficiency in singers has yet to be determined. Two groups of voice students identified with and without breathiness issues underwent aerodynamic and acoustic voice assessment as well as laryngeal stroboscopy of the vocal folds to quantify the prevalence of insufficient vocal fold closure, also known as glottic insufficiency. These assessments revealed four groups: 1) those with glottic insufficiency and no perceived voice breathiness; 2) those with glottic sufficiency and perceived voice breathiness; 3) those with glottic insufficiency and perceived breathiness; and 4) those with glottic sufficiency and no perceived breathiness. Results suggest that previously undiscovered glottal insufficiency is common in young singers, particularly women, though the correlation with identified breathiness was not statistically significant. Acoustic and aerodynamic measures including noise-to-harmonics ratio, maximum phonation time, airflow rate, subglottal pressure, and laryngeal airway resistance were most sensitive to glottic insufficiency.

The Relationship Between Children’s Use of Singing Voice and Singing Accuracy

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne Rutkowski
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
First Graders ◽  
Singing Voice ◽  
Vocal Development ◽  
Singing Accuracy ◽  
Vocal Registers ◽  
Music Audiation ◽  
Voice Development ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study was to investigate the nature of the relationship between children’s use of singing voice (vocal register) and singing accuracy. In previous studies recorded examples of kindergartners’ (n = 37) and first graders’ (n = 38) singing were assessed with the Singing Voice Development Measure. For this study, these recorded examples were also evaluated for accuracy by two different raters. There was a significant correlation between children’s use of singing voice and singing accuracy, but no significant relationship for either variable with tonal aptitude as measured by Intermediate Measures of Music Audiation. When children’s accuracy was assessed based on their usable register, the influence of register on accuracy was very small suggesting that the relationship between vocal development and accuracy is a function of children’s access to, and control of, a wider singing range. Teachers interested in improving singing accuracy in their students are encouraged to work with them on expanding their usable vocal registers.

scholarly journals Parameters Acoustic and High-speed kymography identified effects of voiced vibration and vocal fry exercises

CoDAS ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 577-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina Aparecida Pimenta ◽  
María Eugenia Dájer ◽  
Adriana Hachiya ◽  
Domingos Hiroshi Tsuji ◽  
Arlindo Neto Montagnoli
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Voice Quality ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Acoustic Parameters ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Whitney Test ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Student Test ◽  
Female Voices

Purpose: To identify the immediate effects of voiced vibration and vocal fry exercises on healthy subjects by means of acoustic parameters and high-speed kymography. Methods: Thirty healthy subjects (18 women and 12 men, aged from 19 to 45 years old) participated in this study. The voices were recorded at the range of 44.100 samples/second, before and after of the vocal exercises. We developed a computational routine to extract jitter and shimmer. High-speed kymography was generated from laryngeal images for the analysis of the phase times: closed (CPh), open (OPh), of closing (cPh) and of opening (oPh) and used the paired t-Student test and the Mann-Whitney test, with a significance level of 0.05. Results: After voiced vibrations, acoustic parameters showed reduced jitter for both genders (p=0.018 for men and p<0.01 for women) and reduced shimmer for female voices (p<0.01). There was a decrease in CPh (p=0.046) and cPh (p=0.026) and an increase in OPh (p=0.05) in female vocal folds. After vocal fry, we identified decreased jitter (p<0.01) in female voices and cPh (p=0.026) in male vocal folds. Conclusion: We observed more positive immediate effects of the voiced vibrations, mainly in voice quality and vocal folds among females. Nevertheless, studies with larger male sample and investigation of the appropriate time of vocal fry are necessary to confirm the results of this search.

Pedagogy of Different Sung Genres

2014 ◽  
pp. 706-728
Author(s):  
Jeremy Fisher ◽  
Gillyanne Kayes ◽  
Lisa Popeil
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Oral Tradition ◽  
Musical Theater ◽  
Singing Voice ◽  
Voice Pedagogy ◽  
Commercial Music ◽  
Rhythm And Blues ◽  
Vocal Registers ◽  
Contemporary Commercial Music

Traditional singing voice pedagogy has been heavily influenced by the performance practice and aesthetic of the Western lyric (classical) tradition. Recently, non-classical vocal genres have been termed contemporary commercial music (CCM). These genres include pop, rock, jazz, country, folk, rhythm and blues, and sometimes musical theater. Though in its infancy, the pedagogy of CCM (including belting) is of great interest worldwide. There are numerous differences between Western lyric and CCM genres including: written versus oral tradition; historical/cultural context; use of voice, word articulation, dynamics, vibrato, phrasing; stylistic idioms; vocal registers; pitch range; resonance characteristics; and learning cultures. This chapter advocates that the role of the modern vocal pedagogue is to explore, learn, and ultimately be able to impart the intricacies of each vocal genre to the next generation while honoring traditions and values.

Assessing Singing Voice Development

2019 ◽  
pp. 628-652
Author(s):  
Joanne Rutkowski
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scales ◽  
Singing Voice ◽  
Pitch Accuracy ◽  
Vocal Registers ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Voice Development ◽  
Research Studies

This chapter focuses on various tools and strategies that have been used in research studies for assessing singing voice development, particularly of children. The chapter is organized around the following: A definition of singing development, which includes use of the singing voice (vocal registers) and then pitch accuracy, is provided. An overview of approaches used in research to assess singing development is then presented. These approaches include singing tasks, such as echoing patterns and singing a song, which the children perform to have their singing assessed, human raters using rating scales/rubrics to assess children’s singing, and technology. A more thorough discussion of selected rubrics and rating scales as well as suggested protocols for using them follows. Recommendations for using these tools and strategies for applications in research and classroom settings are included.

scholarly journals Towards a Singing Voice Multi-Sensor Analysis Tool: System Design, and Assessment Based on Vocal Breathiness

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (23) ◽  
pp. 8006
Author(s):  
Evangelos Angelakis ◽  
Natalia Kotsani ◽  
Anastasia Georgaki
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Singing Voice ◽  
Model Combination ◽  
Respiratory Management ◽  
Study Results

Singing voice is a human quality that requires the precise coordination of numerous kinetic functions and results in a perceptually variable auditory outcome. The use of multi-sensor systems can facilitate the study of correlations between the vocal mechanism kinetic functions and the voice output. This is directly relevant to vocal education, rehabilitation, and prevention of vocal health issues in educators; professionals; and students of singing, music, and acting. In this work, we present the initial design of a modular multi-sensor system for singing voice analysis, and describe its first assessment experiment on the ‘vocal breathiness’ qualitative characteristic. A system case study with two professional singers was conducted, utilizing signals from four sensors. Participants sung a protocol of vocal trials in various degrees of intended vocal breathiness. Their (i) vocal output, (ii) phonatory function, and (iii) respiratory behavior-per-condition were recorded through a condenser microphone (CM), an Electroglottograph (EGG), and thoracic and abdominal respiratory effort transducers (RET), respectively. Participants’ individual respiratory management strategies were studied through qualitative analysis of RET data. Microphone audio samples breathiness degree was rated perceptually, and correlation analysis was performed between sample ratings and parameters extracted from CM and EGG data. Smoothed Cepstral Peak Prominence (CPPS) and vocal folds’ Open Quotient (OQ), as computed with the Howard method (HOQ), demonstrated the higher correlation coefficients, when analyzed individually. DECOM method-computed OQ (DOQ) was also examined. Interestingly, the correlation coefficient of pitch difference between estimates from CM and EGG signals appeared to be (based on the Pearson correlation coefficient) statistically insignificant (a result that warrants investigation in larger populations). The study of multi-variate models revealed even higher correlation coefficients. Models studied were the Acoustic Breathiness Index (ABI) and the proposed multiple regression model CDH (CPPS, DOQ, and HOQ), which was attempted in order to combine analysis results from microphone and EGG signals. The model combination of ABI and the proposed CDH appeared to yield the highest correlation with perceptual breathiness ratings. Study results suggest potential for the use of a completed system version in vocal pedagogy and research, as the case study indicated system practicality, a number of pertinent correlations, and introduced topics with further research possibilities.

Recognizing emotions in the singing voice.

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 244-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus R. Scherer ◽  
Stéphanie Trznadel ◽  
Bernardino Fantini ◽  
Johan Sundberg
Keyword(s):  
Singing Voice

Maternal Knowledge Factor, Maternal Age and Maternal Parity Associated with Genesis of Normal Delivery at Palembang Hospital of Bari Year 2017

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
Juliana Widyastuti Wahyuningsih
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Age ◽  
World Health ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
P Value ◽  
Maternal Knowledge ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Normal Delivery ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Birth Canal ◽  
Maternal Parity

Childbirthis a processLabor of opening and depleting the cervix and the fetus down into the birth canal. Birth is a process in which the fetus and amniotic are pushed out through the birth canal. (Sarwono, 2008). According to the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates more than 585,000 mothers annually die during pregnancy or childbirth. Indonesia Health Demographic Survey (SDKI) Survey in 2012, Maternal Mortality Rate in Indonesia is still high at 359 per 100,000 live births. The purpose of this study is the knowledge of maternal knowledge, maternal age, and maternal parity associated with normal birth events at Palembang Bari Hospital 2017. This study used analytical survey method with cross sectional approach. The population in this study were all maternal mothers at the Palembang Bari Hospital in 2017. Sampling in the study was conducted non-randomly with the technique of "Accidental Sampling". Data analysis was done univariat and bivariate with Chi-Square statistical test with significance level α = 0,05. The result of this research shows that there is correlation between mother's knowledge with normal delivery incidence with p value 0,001, there is correlation between mother age with normal delivery incidence with p value 0,009, there is relation between mother parity with normal delivery incidence with p value 0,001. From result of this research hopes healthcare workers can improve normal delivery care services and more often to carry out maternal safety counseling.

Efektifitas Penggunaan Metode Pembelajaran Simulasi Dengan Latihan Terhadap Keterampilan Pengisian Partograf Pada Mahasiswa Semester II Di Prodi Kebidanan (D-III) Universitas Kadiri Tahun 2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Dessy Lutfiasari ◽  
Mahmudah Mahmudah
Keyword(s):  
Current Method ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Health Sciences ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Learning Methods ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Whitney Test ◽  
Mann Whitney Test ◽  
Training Simulation

The use of the current method of learning very big influence on the growth and development of students' creativity and interest for all subjects to be taught, especially in the use of partograf. From interviews to the 10 students of IV semester Prodi Midwifery (D-III) Kadiri University is known that 4 (40%) of students said it was understood, 4 (40%) of other students say they are confused and 2 (20%) of them said that he was a student not familiar with partograf. This shows the lack of understanding of students in filling partograph. The research objective is to determine the effectiveness of the use of learning methods for skills training simulation with filling partograph the second semester students in Midwifery (D-III) Kadiri University Faculty of Health Sciences in 2015. The research design used is pre experiment with design Static Group Comparison/Posttest Only Control Group Design. The population studied were all students of the second semester in Midwifery (D-III) Faculty of Health Sciences University of Kadiri numbered 50 students and sampling techniques Federer totaled 32 students. This is a research instrument partograph sheet. Results of the study were analyzed using the Mann Whitney test with a significance level of 0.05 were used.The results showed 7 respondents (46.7%) are adept at using partograf with simulation teaching methods and 6 respondents (40.0%) are adept at using partograph with practice learning methods. Data were analyzed by Mann Whitney test obtained ρ = 0.965; α = 0.05 means that H0 is accepted and H1 rejected. This means there is no difference in the effective use of learning methods for skills training simulation with partograph filling. Based on the results of this study are expected to choose the method of learning as a learning method in charging partograph because both methods equally effective.; Keywords: simulation methods, drilling methods, partograph filling

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