Assessing Singing Voice Development

2019 ◽  
pp. 628-652
Author(s):  
Joanne Rutkowski
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scales ◽  
Singing Voice ◽  
Pitch Accuracy ◽  
Vocal Registers ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Voice Development ◽  
Research Studies

This chapter focuses on various tools and strategies that have been used in research studies for assessing singing voice development, particularly of children. The chapter is organized around the following: A definition of singing development, which includes use of the singing voice (vocal registers) and then pitch accuracy, is provided. An overview of approaches used in research to assess singing development is then presented. These approaches include singing tasks, such as echoing patterns and singing a song, which the children perform to have their singing assessed, human raters using rating scales/rubrics to assess children’s singing, and technology. A more thorough discussion of selected rubrics and rating scales as well as suggested protocols for using them follows. Recommendations for using these tools and strategies for applications in research and classroom settings are included.

The Relationship Between Children’s Use of Singing Voice and Singing Accuracy

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne Rutkowski
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
First Graders ◽  
Singing Voice ◽  
Vocal Development ◽  
Singing Accuracy ◽  
Vocal Registers ◽  
Music Audiation ◽  
Voice Development ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study was to investigate the nature of the relationship between children’s use of singing voice (vocal register) and singing accuracy. In previous studies recorded examples of kindergartners’ (n = 37) and first graders’ (n = 38) singing were assessed with the Singing Voice Development Measure. For this study, these recorded examples were also evaluated for accuracy by two different raters. There was a significant correlation between children’s use of singing voice and singing accuracy, but no significant relationship for either variable with tonal aptitude as measured by Intermediate Measures of Music Audiation. When children’s accuracy was assessed based on their usable register, the influence of register on accuracy was very small suggesting that the relationship between vocal development and accuracy is a function of children’s access to, and control of, a wider singing range. Teachers interested in improving singing accuracy in their students are encouraged to work with them on expanding their usable vocal registers.

Proteomics of Human Milk: Definition of a Discovery Workflow for Clinical Research Studies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loïc Dayon ◽  
Charlotte Macron ◽  
Sabine Lahrichi ◽  
Antonio Núñez Galindo ◽  
Michael Affolter
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Research Studies

scholarly journals Getting to Hope: Perspectives from Patients and Caregivers Living with Chronic Childhood Illness

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 525
Author(s):  
Emily von Scheven ◽  
Bhupinder K. Nahal ◽  
Rosa Kelekian ◽  
Christina Frenzel ◽  
Victoria Vanderpoel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Childhood Onset ◽  
Virtual Focus Groups ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Chronic Childhood ◽  
Research Studies

Promoting hope was identified in our prior work as the top priority research question among patients and caregivers with diverse childhood-onset chronic conditions. Here, we aimed to construct a conceptual model to guide future research studies of interventions to improve hope. We conducted eight monthly virtual focus groups and one virtual workshop with patients, caregivers, and researchers to explore key constructs to inform the model. Discussions were facilitated by Patient Co-Investigators. Participants developed a definition of hope and identified promotors and inhibitors that influence the experience of hope. We utilized qualitative methods to analyze findings and organize the promotors and inhibitors of hope within three strata of the socio-ecologic framework: structural, interpersonal, and intrapersonal. Participants identified three types of interventions to promote hope: resources, navigation, and activities to promote social connection. The hope conceptual model can be used to inform the selection of interventions to assess in future research studies aimed at improving hope and the specification of outcome measures to include in hope research studies. Inclusion of the health care system in the model provides direction for identifying strategies for improving the system and places responsibility on the system to do better to promote hope among young patients with chronic illness and their caregivers.

scholarly journals US rheumatologists’ beliefs and knowledge about biosimilars: a survey

Rheumatology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan Gibofsky ◽  
Dorothy McCabe
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Reference Product ◽  
Plain Language ◽  
Biologic Treatment ◽  
Naive Patient ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Treatment Naïve ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Additional Education

Abstract Objectives We sought to evaluate perceptions of biosimilar products among US rheumatologists who prescribe TNF-α inhibitors, given that 10 TNF-α inhibitor biosimilars and two rituximab biosimilars have Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval. Methods A 19-question self-administered online survey was conducted from 6 May to 1 June 2019, and fielded by WebMD, LLC. Rheumatologists (n = 9050) who were members of Medscape.com and its partner panels were invited to participate. Likert and other rating scales were used to collect responses, which were summarized descriptively. Results Responses were obtained from 320 board-certified US rheumatologists, 85% of whom were fellows of the ACR. Nearly all respondents were familiar with the FDA definition of a biosimilar product and were aware that an infliximab biosimilar was FDA approved; fewer realized that adalimumab, etanercept and rituximab biosimilars were also FDA approved. Most respondents (84%) were aware that an approved biosimilar was not automatically deemed interchangeable by the FDA. Rheumatologists were more likely to initiate biosimilar treatment for a biologic treatment-naïve patient with RA (73%) than they were to switch to the biosimilar for a patient with RA doing well on the reference product (35%). Conclusions The results of this survey suggest that US rheumatologists have a good understanding and acceptance of biosimilar products, particularly for the initiation of treatment in biologic-naïve individuals. They were hesitant to switch from a reference product to a biosimilar for a patient doing well on the reference product. Additional education on biosimilars is required to help inform treatment decisions by rheumatologists. A plain language summary of this article has been uploaded as supplementary material, available at Rheumatology online.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Portuguese Children's Use of Singing Voice and Singing Accuracy when Singing with Text and a Neutral Syllable

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 468-479
Author(s):  
Ana Isabel Pereira ◽  
Helena Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Response Mode ◽  
Singing Voice ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Pitch Range ◽  
Singing Accuracy ◽  
Improve Accuracy ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Voice Development ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between Portuguese children's use of singing voice and their singing accuracy on the pitches belonging to the Singing Voice Development Measure (SVDM) criterion patterns (Rutkowski, 2015), as well as the influence on singing with a neutral syllable or text on both variables. Children aged 4 to 9 (n = 137) were administered the SVDM individually and three raters evaluated recordings of the children's singing, both for the use of singing voice (i.e., effective use of pitch range and register) and singing accuracy. Prior to data analysis, the validity and reliability of the measure was examined and assured. A significant relationship was found between both variables. Favoring the neutral syllable, significant differences were found in response mode for singing accuracy, but not for use of singing voice, suggesting that the use of neutral syllable in classroom singing activities might be beneficial to improve accuracy. Older children and girls obtained higher scores for the use of singing voice and accuracy. Within a common pitch range, children with higher SVDM scores sang accurately a higher number of pitches, suggesting that expanding children's use of singing voice might also improve singing accuracy.

Research-to-Resource: Designing Singing Assessments for Classroom Use

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
Bryan E. Nichols
Keyword(s):  
Scoring Systems ◽  
Singing Voice ◽  
Singing Accuracy ◽  
Summative Assessments ◽  
Voice Development ◽  
Music Classrooms ◽  
Classroom Use

Research has provided several scales for valid assessments of singing skills. Singing voice development and singing accuracy (tunefulness) are frequent objectives targeted by teachers in music classrooms. Teachers and directors may find established scoring systems useful for implementing formative or summative assessments. This research-to-resource article provides examples for teachers to use or adapt to promote and encourage singing growth.

Fatigue in multiple sclerosis: a comparison of different rating scales and correlation to clinical parameters

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 523-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Flachenecker ◽  
T Kümpfel ◽  
B Kallmann ◽  
M Gottschalk ◽  
O Grauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Physical Disability ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Clinical Activity ◽  
Impact Scale ◽  
Fatigue Severity ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Definition Of

Objectives: Fatigue is one of the most common, yet poorly defined, disabling symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). To delineate more clearly the frequency and type of fatigue, we first compared four widely used fatigue scales in consecutive MS patients. Secondly, to further clarify the nature of fatigue, we investigated its relation to physical disability, course of the disease, immunotherapy, and depression. Patients and Methods: Between February and September 2000, 151 consecutive MS patients entering our outpatient clinic (94 relapsing-remitting, 50 secondary progressive, and 7 primary progressive patients; mean age 29.0-7.3 years, mean disease duration 9.9-6.7 years, median EDSS 3.5) filled in a standardized questionnaire including four fatigue scales - Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), MS-specific FSS (MFSS), Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS), and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Patients were included in the ‘MS-related fatigue group’ (MS-F) when they stated in the questionnaire that fatigue: 1) is one of their three most disabling symptoms; 2) occurs daily or on most of the days; and 3) limits their activities at home or at work. Patients fulfilling none of these criteria were classified as ‘MS-related nonfatigue group’ (MS-NF). Depression was measured by Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI). Results: Although all scales showed significant differences between MS-F and MS-NF, correlation between these scales was, at best, moderate (correlation coefficients ranging from 0.06 to 0.56). The most discriminative scales were FSS and MFIS, showing no overlap of the 10th and 90th percentiles for the MS-F and MS-NF groups, with cut-off values of 4.6 and 38, respectively. Depression (BDI≥18) was present in 24 of 148 patients who filled in the BDI (16%). FSS was significantly correlated with physical disability (r =0.33, p <0.0001) and BDI (r =0.41, p<0.0001), but not with age, disease duration, clinical activity, and treatment with interferon-b. In multivariate analysis, however, only BDI independently predicted fatigue. Conclusions: The association of fatigue and depression suggests that there might be either common underlying mechanisms or interdependence by a cause-and-effect relationship that requires further investigation. The weak correlation within various fatigue scales is best explained by the fact that fatigue is a multidimensional symptom and, therefore, the available tests measure and weight different aspects of fatigue. Our findings underline the necessity for a more exact definition of fatigue and the development of more valid tools if these are to be used to evaluate treatments.

scholarly journals Unpublished rating scales: A major source of bias in randomised controlled trials of treatments for schizophrenia

2000 ◽  
Vol 176 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Marshall ◽  
Austin Lockwood ◽  
Caroline Bradley ◽  
Clive Adams ◽  
Claire Joy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trials ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Significant Treatment Effect ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
And Control

BackgroundA recent review suggested an association between using unpublished scales in clinical trials and finding significant results.AimsTo determine whether such an association existed in schizophrenia trials.MethodThree hundred trials were randomly selected from the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group's Register. All comparisons between treatment groups and control groups using rating scales were identified. The publication status of each scale was determined and claims of a significant treatment effect were recorded.ResultsTrials were more likely to report that a treatment was superior to control when an unpublished scale was used to make the comparison (relative risk 1.37 (95% C11.12–1.68)). This effect increased when a ‘gold-standard’ definition of treatment superiority was applied (RR 1.94 (95% C11.35–2.79)). In non-pharmacological trials, one-third of ‘gold-standard’ claims of treatment superiority would not have been made if published scales had been used.ConclusionsUnpublished scales are a source of bias in schizophrenia trials.

scholarly journals Assessment of adverse effects in clinical studies of antipsychotic medication: survey of methods used

2010 ◽  
Vol 197 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Pope ◽  
Clive Adams ◽  
Carol Paton ◽  
Tim Weaver ◽  
Thomas R. E. Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Antipsychotic Medication ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Antipsychotic Drugs ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Subjective Experiences ◽  
Schizophrenia Group ◽  
Tolerability Data ◽  
Definition Of

BackgroundClinical studies of antipsychotic medication are a primary source of data on the nature of, and relative liability for, adverse effects, relevant to prescribing decisions in clinical practice.AimsTo identify how safety and tolerability data were collected and reported in recent clinical studies of antipsychotics.MethodA survey was conducted of all 167 eligible studies published between 2002 and 2007 on the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group register.ResultsExtrapyramidal side-effects (EPS) and weight gain were most frequently assessed. A minority of reports addressed metabolic abnormalities, aversive subjective experiences and sexual dysfunction. Published rating scales were frequently used to evaluate EPS, but systematic methods were rarely applied to other treatment-emergent problems. The definition of individual adverse effects and the manner of reporting were inconsistent.ConclusionsThe way in which safety and tolerability data are collected and reported in clinical studies does not allow for fair and meaningful comparison of the relative risk profiles of individual antipsychotic drugs.

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