scholarly journals Economic and Functional Feasibility of Concrete Encased Composite Columns in Buildings

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umair Ahmed ◽  
Assad Rashid ◽  
Zafar Baig
Keyword(s):  
Composite Structure ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Commercial Building ◽  
Composite Construction ◽  
Composite Columns ◽  
Floor Area ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Steel Composite ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Cost

Modern day construction is widely influenced using concrete-steel composite columns. A lot of research on concrete-steel composite columns is being carried out around the world. The rapid growth in concrete-steel composite construction has widely decreased the use of conventional reinforced cement concrete construction (R.C.C), and the steel construction practices. The concrete-steel composite construction has obtained an extensive receiving around the globe. As Pakistan is a developing country, so, it is relatively a new concept for its construction industry when compared with the developed countries around the globe. Although, the R.C.C construction is suitable and economical for construction of framing systems of low-rise buildings, however, the increased dead load, span restrictions, less stiffness and risky formwork makes it uneconomical and unviable when it comes across the construction of intermediate to high-rise buildings. This research is an effort to learn the cost effectiveness, increased or decreased stiffness, and change on the functionality of the composite construction for intermediate to high-rise buildings constructed in Pakistan. A Base + Ground + 11 storey commercial building is selected for this study. A comparison is made between conventional R.C.C columns structure and concrete-encased composite columns structure. The equivalent static nonlinear analysis is performed using ETABS 2017 software. Although, for Base + Ground + 11 storey building, the construction cost of concrete-encased composite structure is 7.7% more than the conventional R.C.C columns structure, but the concrete-encased composite structure will have 13.013% more constructed floor area. This increased floor area helps to settle the cost difference between the two structures.

scholarly journals Analytical Investigation of Composite Structure in Comparison of RCC Structure

2021 ◽  
Vol 1197 (1) ◽  
pp. 012069
Author(s):  
Vrunda R Laddha ◽  
Sharda P Siddh ◽  
Prashant D Hiwas
Keyword(s):  
Composite Structure ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Analytical Investigation ◽  
Static Method ◽  
Structural System ◽  
Commercial Building ◽  
Design Data ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Earthquake Zone

Abstract High rise structures becoming very common everywhere due to scarcity of land and increasing population. Though we have RCC structure system as high-rise buildings, but in RCC buildings due to bulky size of the components of the structure self-weight will be more due to the heavy density of materials. By observing the difficulties and challenges in the field of high-rise structures engineers are using efficient structural system that is Steel Concrete Composite Structure. Composite structure consists composite deck slab, composite beam and composite column. Composite Structure complies of Concrete which is good in compression and structural steel which good in tension and composition of these material makes structure better in ductility which comparatively on higher side than RCC structure. Here G+7 high rise structure is considered for analysis by ETABS software. This paper involves Analysis of Commercial building by Equivalent static method on Composite structure and RCC structure with same plan of building and same design data. The structure is in earthquake zone III and wind speed 44m/s. Analytical comparisons of both Composite and RCC frame based on structural parameters are made with help of graphs and tables. By comparing the results, we found that Steel-Concrete Composite Structures are more desirable than RCC structures.

Managed Healthcare

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Karolina H. Czarnecka ◽  
Filip Pawliczak
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Post Discharge ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Discharge Care ◽  
Additional Costs ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
New Policies ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Cost

This chapter describes how managed healthcare is a systemic and institutional approach for cost management. It might be the remedy for increasing demand for limited human and material resources. In most of the developed countries the number of elderly patients with multimorbidity is increasing every year. This situation creates the necessity for implementing new policies based on cost-effective methods of diagnosis and treatment. Keeping quality high is crucial for patient safety, although cost reduction must occur to ensure the proper care for all. However, several ethical concerns are raised with these changes. The main is that although the physicians are focused on cost-effective procedures, they will take the patient's opinions into consideration. The outcome of an undermined relationship between doctors and their patients may be contrary to the reduction of the compliance and adherence may in fact increase the cost of services for specific patients. The proper communication patterns and post-discharge care is mandatory for limiting unwanted additional costs and benefits policy makers keeping patient satisfaction high.

IS THE LIFE BOAT ETHIC APPROPRIATE?

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-81
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Moral Legacy

Recent statements argue that we in the developed countries are in effect in a lifeboat, well supplied with resources, while many other countries are in other lifeboats without resources such as food. They argue that we should withhold these resources or risk future destruction from depletion of our own resources. As grim as this policy seems, it has many advocates today. What should the passengers on the rich lifeboat do? In answer Callahan argues that we cannot turn away from the needs of the developing countries no matter how seductive that course may seem now. For one thing, we are dependent on raw materials from them. But, more important, he points out that to bequeath a civilization of morality to our children is an even greater need, and we cannot do that by selfish isolation. "If we are to worry about our duty to posterity, it would not hurt to ask what kind of moral legacy we should bequeath. One in which we won our own survival at the cost of outright cruelty and callousness would be tawdry and vile."

scholarly journals Aspek Hukum Import Sampah Plastik

BESTUUR ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Solikah Ana Estikomah
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Hazardous Materials ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Cost

<p><em>Indeveloped countriesbannedtoxic waste began to be recorded afterproved disastrous. In addition there isa gap for the cost of treating waste </em><em>plastic</em><em> in the developed countries anddeveloping countries. The high cost ofwastewater treatmentin </em><em>plastic</em><em> developed countries in part due to the high cost of compliance and strict law. In contrast, the low cost sewage treatment </em><em>plastic </em><em> in developing countriesdue to the lack of law enforcement. On the other hand, as a result of the construction waste requires complextechnology for processing and finaldisposal of hazardous materials is increasingly narrows with increasingawareness of the importance ofenvironmental protection. Waste-producing countries </em><em>plastic </em><em> and then look for the easiestand cheapest way to dispose of waste. Poor countries thatare developing targeted for regulation lingkungannnyastill weak. The existence of import export </em><em>plastic </em><em> waste between advanced and developing countries may be said to have lastedlong enough for the re-emergence of international public awareness of thedangers of pollution is industrial waste.</em> <em>The analysis research was conducted in a juridical-normative manner based on literature study</em></p><p><em></em><strong>Keywords</strong>: <em>Waste, </em><em>law, plastic, import</em></p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Powder metallurgy in Belarus and global development trends

2019 ◽  
pp. 98-106
Author(s):  
P. A. Vityaz ◽  
A. F. Ilyuschenko ◽  
V. V. Savich
Keyword(s):  
Powder Metallurgy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Additive Technologies ◽  
Steady Growth ◽  
High Temperature Alloys ◽  
Assembly Technology ◽  
Structural Parts ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Quality Of Products ◽  
The Cost

The analysis of trends and prospects for the development of the industry on the materials of European and world congresses of powder metallurgy, publications in leading specialized foreign publications was carried out. The steady growth of the production of powder construction parts for the automotive industry, including using assembly technology during joint sintering, are noted in the developed countries. The production using MIM methods is constantly growing; micro MIM technology has emerged as a separate sub-industry, which allows manufacturing products with a mass of 0,1 g or less. HIP methods found its second wind: with them it became possible to obtain large-sized blanks from corrosion-resistant steels weighing up to 1000 kg, titanium and high-temperature alloys; the post HIPing technology is widely used to improve the quality of products obtained by additive technologies and important castings. With additive technologies, products weighing up to 100 kg are already being manufactured. The authors also formulated their own opinion about the prospects for the development of powder metallurgy in Europe and in the world, determined the development directions of the industry in Belarus and its influence on the development of world powder metallurgy. In particular, new grades of economically alloyed powder steels are developed. They make it possible to reduce the cost of mass structural parts without prejudice to their technical characteristics. For the same purpose, processes combined with hardening of sintering are optimized, and, in contrast to foreign analogues, endogas is used for cooling instead of nitrogen.

scholarly journals Integrated Land Use and Transportation Modeling within Data-Poor Contexts

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Suggested Approach ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Support Tools ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Rich Data ◽  
The Cost

Integrated Land Use and Transportation Models (ILUTMs) are revolutionary planning support tools that have been used in the developed countries since the early 1990s. ILUTMs evolved in response to the complexity of the urban planning pro-cess, which became more communicative and collaborative process involving different stakeholders with diverse and con-flicting interests. The main challenge for the ILUTMs to be used in the developing countries is the cost of rich data needed for these models to give satisfactory results. This paper discusses the technical problems facing the researchers and the ur-ban planners in adopting ILUTMs. The research proposes an alternative modeling approach that makes ILUTMs applicable in the developing countries’ context. The suggested approach is centered on the idea of functioning within data-poor con-text instead of the costly data-rich context. The paper concludes with the expected limitations in the new modeling ap-proach and suggests some guidelines for the researchers in order overcome these limitations.

scholarly journals The relationship between the corporate social responsibility and the cost of the capital of the companies listed on the Nigerian stock exchange

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-292
Author(s):  
Nyore Ofogbe ◽  
Chidiebere Nnamani ◽  
Chika Anisiuba ◽  
Charity Ezuwore-Obodoekwe
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cost Of Debt ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The One ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
The Cost

This study is aimed at analyzing the influence of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on the Cost of the Capital (CoC) of the companies quoted on the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE). The annual panel data of the 32 companies quoted on the NSE pertaining to the period from 2005 to 2019, were judgmentally selected. The Thomson Reuthers Index was used as the measure for CSR, whereas the Cost of Equity (CoE) and the Cost of Debt (CoD) were used as the measure for CoC. The findings revealed the existence of a positive/negative nonsignificant relationship, on the one hand, and a positive/negative significant relationship as well, on the other, between CSR and CoC. The results obtained are supportive of the findings found in scholars' works, especially those in the developed countries in which this aspect has extensively been explored. To conclude, the companies that spend on CSR have a better chance of accessing capital at a better and low cost. Based absolutely on the findings, the researcher advocates that investment should incessantly be made in the issues concerning CSR, given the fact that, if consistently made, such investment may ease access to funds at a reduced cost.

How to Assure Stable Development in Unstable Financial Environment?

2007 ◽  
pp. 4-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ershov
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Market Liquidity ◽  
Market Mechanisms ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Russian Stock Market ◽  
Stable Development ◽  
Financial Environment

Growing involvement of Russian economy in international economic sphere increases the role of external risks. Financial problems which the developed countries are encountered with today result in volatility of Russian stock market, liquidity problems for banks, unstable prices. These factors in total may put longer-term prospects of economic growth in jeopardy. Monetary, foreign exchange and stock market mechanisms become the centerpiece of economic policy approaches which should provide for stable development in the shaky environment.

The Reproduction Vector of the Russian Economy: 1999-2007

2008 ◽  
pp. 94-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Sorokin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Real Sector ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Developed Countries

The problem of the Russian economy’s growth rates is considered in the article in the context of Russia’s backwardness regarding GDP per capita in comparison with the developed countries. The author stresses the urgency of modernization of the real sector of the economy and the recovery of the country’s human capital. For reaching these goals short- or mid-term programs are not sufficient. Economic policy needs a long-term (15-20 years) strategy, otherwise Russia will be condemned to economic inertia and multiplying structural disproportions.

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