scholarly journals Movement Analysis to Predict Broiler Walking Ability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilo Florentino Pereira ◽  
Irenilza de Alencar Nääs ◽  
Nilsa Duarte da Silva Lima
Keyword(s):  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Movement Analysis ◽  
Walking Ability ◽  
Segmented Images ◽  
Commercial Broiler ◽  
Slaughter Age ◽  
Gait Score ◽  
Displacement Speed ◽  
Genetic Development ◽  
Image Segmentation Algorithm

The genetic development of commercial broiler led to body misconfiguration and consequent walking disabilities, mainly at the slaughter age. The present study aimed to identify broiler locomotion ability using image analysis automatically. A total of 40 broiler 40 d-old were placed to walk on a specially built runway, and their locomotion was recorded. An image segmentation algorithm was developed, and the coordinates of the bird's center of mass were extracted from the segmented images for each frame analyzed, and the Unrest Index (UI) was applied. We calculated the center of mass's movement of the broiler walking's lateral images, therefore, capturing the bird's displacement speed in the onward direction. Results indicated that broiler speed on the runway tends to decrease with the increase of the gait score. The locomotion did not differ between males or females. The proposed algorithm was efficient if predicting the broiler gait score based on their displacement speed.

scholarly journals Movement Analysis to Associate Broiler Walking Ability with Gait Scoring

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 394-402
Author(s):  
Danilo Florentino Pereira ◽  
Irenilza de Alencar Nääs ◽  
Nilsa Duarte da Silva Lima
Keyword(s):  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Movement Analysis ◽  
Walking Ability ◽  
Segmented Images ◽  
Commercial Broiler ◽  
Slaughter Age ◽  
Gait Score ◽  
Displacement Speed ◽  
Genetic Development ◽  
Image Segmentation Algorithm

The genetic development of the commercial broiler has led to body misconfiguration and consequent walking disabilities, mainly at the slaughter age. The present study aimed to identify broiler locomotion ability using image analysis automatically. A total of 40 broilers that were 40 d old (male and female) were placed to walk on a specially built runway, and their locomotion was recorded. An image segmentation algorithm was developed, and the coordinates of the bird’s center of mass were extracted from the segmented images for each frame analyzed, and the unrest index (UI) was applied. We calculated the center of mass’s movement of the broiler walking lateral images capturing the bird’s displacement speed in the onward direction. Results indicated that broiler walking speed on the runway tends to decrease with the increase of the gait score. The locomotion did not differ between males or females. The proposed algorithm was efficient in predicting the broiler gait score based on their displacement speed.

Static and dynamic postural control in long-term microgravity: evidence of a dual adaptation

2001 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido Baroni ◽  
Alessandra Pedrocchi ◽  
Giancarlo Ferrigno ◽  
Jean Massion ◽  
Antonio Pedotti
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Movement Analysis ◽  
Trunk Flexion ◽  
Dynamic Movement ◽  
Static Body

The adaptation of dynamic movement-posture coordination during forward trunk bending was investigated in long-term weightlessness. Three-dimensional movement analysis was carried out in two astronauts during a 4-mo microgravity exposure. The principal component analysis was applied to joint-angle kinematics for the assessment of angular synergies. The anteroposterior center of mass (CM) displacement accompanying trunk flexion was also quantified. The results reveal that subjects kept typically terrestrial strategies of movement-posture coordination. The temporary disruption of joint-angular synergies observed at subjects' first in-flight session was promptly recovered when repetitive sessions in flight were analyzed. The CM anteroposterior shift was consistently <3–4 cm, suggesting that subjects could dynamically control the CM position throughout the whole flight. This is in contrast to the observed profound microgravity-induced disruption of the quasi-static body orientation and initial CM positioning. Although this study was based on only two subjects, evidence is provided that static and dynamic postural control might be under two separate mechanisms, adapting with their specific time course to the constraints of microgravity.

Welfare assessment of conventional and organic broilers in Denmark, with emphasis on leg health

2018 ◽  
Vol 183 (6) ◽  
pp. 192-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda M Tahamtani ◽  
Lena K Hinrichsen ◽  
Anja B Riber
Keyword(s):  
Contact Dermatitis ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Walking Ability ◽  
Welfare Assessment ◽  
Welfare Indicators ◽  
Tibial Dyschondroplasia ◽  
Conventional Production ◽  
Gait Score

The aim of this study was to survey and report the walking ability in broilers housed in both conventional and organic production systems in Denmark. To this end, the authors assessed the walking ability, by using the Bristol scale, in 31 conventional broiler flocks and in 29 organic broiler flocks distributed across Denmark. In addition, assessment of contact dermatitis, leg abnormalities, scratches and plumage cleanliness, as well as postmortem analysis of tibial dyschondroplasia, was performed in conventional broilers. The survey found a prevalence of 77.4 per cent of impaired walking ability (gait score (GS) >0) in conventional broilers and 38.1 per cent in organic broilers. The prevalence of severe lameness (GS >2) was 5.5 per cent and 2.5 per cent for conventional and organic broilers, respectively. The prevalence of tibial dyschondroplasia in conventional broilers was 4.7 per cent. The results on other welfare indicators are also presented for conventional broilers. The results from the present and previous surveys indicate that the prevalence of impaired walking ability in broiler chickens in the Danish conventional production system is high, but the severity has been steadily decreasing over the last 19 years. Furthermore, the results from the survey of organic broilers suggest that lameness is less prevalent and severe in this system relative to conventional production.

scholarly journals Photobiomodulation Therapy on Orthodontic Movement: Analysis of Preliminary Studies with a New Protocol

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 3547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Impellizzeri ◽  
Martina Horodynski ◽  
Riccardo Fusco ◽  
Gaspare Palaia ◽  
Antonella Polimeni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Movement Analysis ◽  
Photobiomodulation Therapy ◽  
Laser Applications ◽  
Alveolar Bone Remodeling ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Displacement Speed

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) on the acceleration of orthodontic movements, deriving from its biostimulating and regenerative capacity on soft tissues, consequent to the increase in differentiation, proliferation, and activity of cells that are involved with alveolar bone remodeling. The present randomized controlled trial was conducted on six patients who required extractive orthodontic therapy because their ectopic canines had erupted. A total of eight canines were analyzed, four of which received laser irradiation (i.e., experimental group). Two weeks after the extractions, all canines of the experimental and placebo groups were distalized simultaneously and symmetrically with the laceback retraction technique. The PBMT protocol consisted of four cycles of laser applications, one each on days 0, 3, 7, and 14 of the study, with session treatment durations of 2–4 min. The results of the descriptive analysis on the distal displacement speed of the canines after 1 month of follow-up indicate an average displacement of 1.35 mm for the non-irradiated group and 1.98 mm for the irradiated group. Through inferential analysis, a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) was found between the average speed of the irradiated canines and the control canines. The low energy density laser used in this study, with the parameters set, was found to be a tool capable of statistically significantly accelerating the distal displacement of canines.

scholarly journals The effect of stocking density on certain broiler welfare parameters

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 11-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zdenka Skrbic ◽  
Z. Pavlovski ◽  
M. Lukic ◽  
L. Peric ◽  
N. Milosevic
Keyword(s):  
Stocking Density ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Walking Ability ◽  
Total Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Stress Indicators ◽  
Broiler Production ◽  
Gait Score ◽  
Foot Pad

In broiler production, stocking density, i.e. floor surface per chicken, is very important welfare factor which directly and indirectly influences and determines the level of growth of chicken body weight, but it is also related to other welfare indicators. Objective of the paper was to define the broiler welfare in different stocking densities by evaluation of their walking ability (gait score), feathering, incidence and degree of hock burns, foot pad lesions, and by determination of the biochemical blood parameters (glucose concentration, total cholesterol concentration), as indicators of condition of stress. One day old chickens of Hubbard genotype were housed in boxes in floor rearing system, in 3 stocking densities and 5 repetitions of each treatment. Treatment A scored stocking density of 10 birds/m2; treatment B, 13 birds/m2 and treatment C, 16 birds/m2. Results of the trial indicate absence of significance of differences between trial groups of broilers in regard to their walking ability, condition of skin and legs, and stress indicators. In general, broiler welfare in all trial groups was satisfactory. However, determined tendencies of worsening of the condition of litter, increase of the frequency of lower scores for walking ability (gait score), hock burns and foot pad lesions which occur with increase of stocking density, indicate the importance of this rearing factor and need to define limiting stocking densities from the aspect of broiler welfare but also economical efficiency of production. .

scholarly journals Are Meat Quality Traits and Sensory Attributes in Favor of Slow-Growing Chickens?

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 960
Author(s):  
Erika Pellattiero ◽  
Giulia Tasoniero ◽  
Marco Cullere ◽  
Elizabeth Gleeson ◽  
Gabriele Baldan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Attributes ◽  
Overall Acceptability ◽  
Consumer Panel ◽  
Flavor Perception ◽  
Trained Panel ◽  
Commercial Broiler ◽  
Slaughter Age ◽  
Breast Weight ◽  
Slow Growing ◽  
Haem Iron

The present study compared certain quality features and sensory attributes of the meat obtained from three different chicken genotypes: two endangered slow-growing indigenous breeds (Padovana: PAD, Polverara: POL) and a commercial broiler (Hybrid). Chickens (n = 42/genotype) were slaughtered at their commercial slaughter age: 183 days for PAD and POL chickens, and 35 days for the Hybrid. Breast and leg meat were dissected and used for qualitative evaluations. Results highlighted that genotype significantly affected final breast weight, with Hybrid showing higher values than both indigenous chickens. Conversely, PAD and POL meat was instrumentally tougher and richer in haem iron compared to the Hybrid. The sensory analysis conducted by a trained panel showed that the textural aspects and metallic flavor perception of PAD and POL meat differed from that of the Hybrid. These aspects were probably responsible for the lower overall acceptability of the PAD and POL meat compared to the Hybrid, as expressed by the consumer panel. A key step in making PAD and POL meat acceptable to consumers and stimulating its market seems thus the development of appropriate marketing strategies to transform product peculiarities in strength points.

scholarly journals Gait Score, Latency-to-Lie and their Association with Body Weight and Morphometric Measurements in Light and Heavy Genotypes of Domestic Turkey

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
T. R. Fayeye ◽  
F. E. Sola-Ojo ◽  
A. R. Obadare ◽  
K. L. Ayorinde
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Walking Ability ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Normal Walking ◽  
Morphometric Traits ◽  
Morphometric Measurements ◽  
Femur Length ◽  
Resultant Effect ◽  
Gait Score ◽  
Limit Access

Locomotion problems limit access to drinkers and feeders with a resultant effect on birds' survival and productivity. In this study, gait score (GS), latency-to-lie (LTL) and their association with body weight (BWT) and morphometric traits in light weight (Nigerian Local, NL) and heavy weight (Nicholas White, NW) strains of turkeys were evaluated. A total of two hundred day-old Nigerian local and Nicholas white poults were used for the study. Gait of poults were scored at 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks of age using Kestin gait scoring system. Other parameters measured include latency-to-lie, body weight and morphometric traits at 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks of age. The results showed that poults with normal walking ability (GS=0) in the light strain Nigerian local declined slightly from 88.4 percent at week 4 to 85.0 percent at week 16, while poults with normal walking ability (GS=0) in Nicholas white declined from 81.1 at week 4 to 16.4 percent at week 16, respectively. The GS of Nicholas White was higher (p<0.05) than that of NL at 8 and 16 weeks of age. The LTL values decreased (1310.1- 555.7 seconds) with the age of birds and were higher (p<0.05) in NL at 8, 12 and 16 weeks of age. Correlation (r =-0.256 to 0.278) between BWT and GS was significant (p<0.05) at weeks 8 and 12 in NW and at weeks 12 and 16 in NL. BWT was correlated (p<0.05) with body girth, keel length, femur length, shank diameter and Tibia Metatarsus in both genotypes. There was significant correlation (p<0.05) between LTL and GS (r= -0.36 to -0.87), BWT and LTL (r= -0.24 to 0.31), BWT and LM traits (r= 0.56 to 0.96) in both genotypes. It was concluded that GS and LTL are influenced by genotype and age of poults.

scholarly journals Effect of Three Technical Arms Swings on The Elevation of the Center of Mass During a Standing Back Somersault

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bessem Mkaouer ◽  
Monèm Jemni ◽  
Samiha Amara ◽  
Helmi Chaabène ◽  
Johnny Padulo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Movement Analysis ◽  
Vertical Displacement ◽  
Technical Performance ◽  
Risk Of Falls ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
High Level

Abstract Arms swing during standing back somersaults relates to three different “gymnastics schools”, each is considered “optimal” by its adepts. In the three cases, technical performance, elevation and safety differ. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the mechanical variables of three different arms swing techniques in the performance of a standing back tucked somersault. Five high-level male gymnasts (age: 23.17±1.61 yrs; body height: 1.65±0.05 m; body mass: 56.80±7.66 kg) randomly performed standing somersaults under three conditions, each following a different arms’ swing technical angle (270°, 180° and 90°). A force plate synchronized with a three dimensional movement analysis system was used to collect kinetic and kinematic data. Significant differences were observed between somersaults’ performance. The back somersault performed with 270° arms swing showed the best vertical displacement (up to 13.73%), while the back somersaults performed with 180° arms swing showed a decrease in power (up to 22.20%). The back somersault with 90° arms swing showed the highest force (up to 19.46%). Considering that the higher elevation of the centre of mass during the flight phase would allow best performance and lower the risk of falls, this study demonstrated that optimal arms’ swing technique prior to back tucked somersault was 270°.

scholarly journals New highly productive russian cross of broiler chicken “Smena-9”

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
Zh. V. Emanuylova ◽  
A. V. Egorova ◽  
D. N. Efimov ◽  
A. A. Komarov
Keyword(s):  
Efficiency Index ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Productive Efficiency ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Commercial Broiler ◽  
Slaughter Age ◽  
Productivity Potential ◽  
Selection Of

Relevance. The increasingly high volumes of poultry production predetermined a necessity in the constant targeted selection of poultry, advancement of the existing crosses and development of new lines and crosses with high genetic productivity potential which can be sustainably realized in the regions with different climatic and economic conditions.Methods. The productive performance of new russian cross “Smena-9” was assessed in relation to the productivity in cross “Smena-8” and to the different slaughter ages in the commercial-like conditions of the Center for Genetics & Selection “Smena”.Results. The selection of the preparental and parental lines of the new cross “Smena-9” resulted in the improvements of the mortality rate (lower by 0.8%), live bodyweight at 35 days of age (higher by 10.3%), dressing percentage (by 0.9%), breast filet yield (by 0.8%), feed conversion ratio (lower by 4.8%) in broilers of “Smena-9” cross as compared to “Smena-8”. These improvements, in turn, resulted in higher by 16.7% European productive efficiency index (EPEF). At slaughter age 5 weeks the output of meat per parental hen in “Smena-9” cross was 307.6 kg while in “Smena-8” it was 274.9 kg (lower by 11.9%). At slaughter age 6 weeks average daily weight gains in “Smena-9” broilers (74.0 g/bird/day) was higher in comparison to 5 weeks (63.4 g/bird/day) while feed conversion ratio increased from 1.67 to 2.12 kg/kg, resulting in the decrease in the EPEF from 382 to 345 points. The sensory evaluation of meat and broth of “Smena-9” broilers revealed high average scores. The conclusion was made that new cross “Smena-9” can be effectively used in the commercial broiler production.

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