scholarly journals The Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Within the Dog Population in Croatia: Host Factors and Clinical Outcome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Stevanovic ◽  
Irena Tabain ◽  
Tatjana Vilibic-Cavlek ◽  
Maja Mauric Maljkovic ◽  
Iva Benvin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
General Population ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Host Factors ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Second Wave

Over a year into the COVID-19 pandemic, there is growing evidence that SARS-CoV-2 infections among dogs are more common than previously thought. In this study, the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was investigated in two dog population. The first group was comprised of 1069 dogs admitted to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital for any given reason. The second group included dogs that shared households with confirmed COVID-19 cases in humans. This study group numbered 78 dogs. In COVID-19 infected households, 43.9% tested ELISA positive, and neutralisation antibodies were detected in 25.64% of dogs. Those data are comparable with the secondary attack rate in the human population. With 14.69% of dogs in the general population testing ELISA positive, there was a surge of SARS-CoV-2 infections within the dog population amid the second wave of the pandemic. Noticeably seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in the dog and the human population did not differ at the end of the study period. Male sex, breed and age were identified as significant risk factors. This study gives strong evidence that while acute dog infections are mostly asymptomatic, they can pose a significant risk to dog health. Seropositive dogs had a 1.97 times greater risk for developing central nervous symptoms.

scholarly journals The Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 within the Dog Population in Croatia: Host Factors and Clinical Outcome

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1430
Author(s):  
Vladimir Stevanovic ◽  
Irena Tabain ◽  
Tatjana Vilibic-Cavlek ◽  
Maja Mauric Maljkovic ◽  
Iva Benvin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Host Factors ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Neutralising Antibodies ◽  
Viral Isolation ◽  
Retrospective Nature ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Second Wave

Over a year into the COVID-19 pandemic, there is growing evidence that SARS-CoV-2 infections among dogs are more common than previously thought. In this study, the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was investigated in two dog populations. The first group was comprised of 1069 dogs admitted to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital for any given reason. The second group included dogs that shared households with confirmed COVID-19 cases in humans. This study group numbered 78 dogs. In COVID-19 infected households, 43.9% tested ELISA positive, and neutralising antibodies were detected in 25.64% of dogs. Those data are comparable with the secondary attack rate in the human population. With 14.69% of dogs in the general population testing ELISA positive, there was a surge of SARS-CoV-2 infections within the dog population amid the second wave of the pandemic. Noticeably seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in the dog and the human population did not differ at the end of the study period. Male sex, breed and age were identified as significant risk factors. This study gives strong evidence that while acute dog infections are mostly asymptomatic, they can pose a significant risk to dog health. Due to the retrospective nature of this study, samples for viral isolation and PCR were unavailable. Still, seropositive dogs had a 1.97 times greater risk for developing central nervous symptoms.

Post-thyroidectomy bleeding: analysis of risk factors from a national registry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
H E Doran ◽  
S M Wiseman ◽  
F F Palazzo ◽  
D Chadwick ◽  
S Aspinall
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Total Thyroidectomy ◽  
Thyroid Surgery ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Bleeding Risk ◽  
Redo Surgery ◽  
Day Case ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Male Sex

Abstract Background Post-thyroidectomy haemorrhage occurs in 1–2 per cent of patients, one-quarter requiring bedside clot evacuation. Owing to the risk of life-threatening haemorrhage, previous British Association of Endocrine and Thyroid Surgeons (BAETS) guidance has been that day-case thyroidectomy could not be endorsed. This study aimed to review the best currently available UK data to evaluate a recent change in this recommendation. Methods The UK Registry of Endocrine and Thyroid Surgery was analysed to determine the incidence of and risk factors for post-thyroidectomy haemorrhage from 2004 to 2018. Results Reoperation for bleeding occurred in 1.2 per cent (449 of 39 014) of all thyroidectomies. In multivariable analysis male sex, increasing age, redo surgery, retrosternal goitre and total thyroidectomy were significantly correlated with an increased risk of reoperation for bleeding, and surgeon monthly thyroidectomy rate correlated with a decreased risk. Estimation of variation in bleeding risk from these predictors gave low pseudo-R2 values, suggesting that bleeding is unpredictable. Reoperation for bleeding occurred in 0.9 per cent (217 of 24 700) of hemithyroidectomies, with male sex, increasing age, decreasing surgeon volume and redo surgery being risk factors. The mortality rate following thyroidectomy was 0.1 per cent (23 of 38 740). In a multivariable model including reoperation for bleeding node dissection and age were significant risk factors for mortality. Conclusion The highest risk for bleeding occurred following total thyroidectomy in men, but overall bleeding was unpredictable. In hemithyroidectomy increasing surgeon thyroidectomy volume reduces bleeding risk. This analysis supports the revised BAETS recommendation to restrict day-case thyroid surgery to hemithyroidectomy performed by high-volume surgeons, with caution in the elderly, men, patients with retrosternal goitres, and those undergoing redo surgery.

Features of the course of coronavirus infection in patients with diabetes mellitus

2022 ◽  
pp. 18-21
Author(s):  
Vladimir Anatolievich Klimov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Concomitant Disease ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Population Mortality

Diabetesmellitus, overweight and the age of a patient over 65 years old are identified by clinicians as themain factors that can complicate the course of the coronavirus infection and increase the likelihood of fatal outcome. Although in the general human population mortality from coronavirus fluctuateswithin 3–5 %, sometimes very significantly differing in individual countries, this level can reach 15–25 % among patientswith diabetes, especially for those receiving insulin therapy. Diabetes mellitus as a concomitant disease in COVID-19 is considered one of the most significant risk factors for the development of adverse outcomes due to a more severe course of infection in conditions of hyperglycemia and other aggravating factors.

Incidence and Risk Factors for Pin Site Infection of Exposed Kirschner Wires Following Elective Forefoot Surgery

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 1154-1159 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. McKenzie ◽  
Ryan G. Rogero ◽  
Sultan Khawam ◽  
Elizabeth L. McDonald ◽  
Kristen Nicholson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Current Smoker ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Kirschner Wires ◽  
Forefoot Surgery ◽  
Pin Site ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
K Wires

Background: Kirschner wires (K-wires) are commonly utilized for temporary metatarsal and phalangeal fixation following forefoot procedures. K-wires can remain in place for up to 6 weeks postoperatively and are at risk for complications. This study investigated the incidence of infectious complications of exposed K-wires after forefoot surgery and identifies risk factors for these complications. Methods: A single-surgeon retrospective chart review of forefoot surgeries from 2007 to 2017 was undertaken. Inclusion criteria were adult patients (≥18 years) undergoing elective forefoot surgery with the use of exposed K-wires. Incidence of pin site infectious complication, defined as cellulitis, or pin site drainage and/or migration/loosening of the pin was noted. Patient demographic and perioperative data were analyzed, along with the number of K-wires placed per procedure. Mann-Whitney U and chi-square tests were performed to determine predictive factors related to pin site infection rates, with a multivariable model with significant factors subsequently performed. Two-thousand seventeen K-wires in 1237 patients were analyzed. Results: There were 35 pin site infections for a rate of 1.74%. Combined forefoot procedures (507 pins in 229 patients) had a pin site infection rate of 4.93% (N = 25), followed by lesser metatarsal osteotomies (667 pins in 446 patients) at 1.05% (N = 7), then hammertoe corrections (694 pins in 421 patients) at 0.43% (N = 3), and no pin site infections with chevron osteotomies (149 pins in 141 patients). Male sex, body mass index (BMI), current smoker, and number of pins were significant risk factors ( P ≤ .05). Additionally, there were 23 non–infection-related K-wire complications. No long-term sequelae were encountered based on any complications. Conclusion: K-wires are commonly used for temporary immobilization of the smaller bones of the forefoot following deformity correction. Male sex, BMI, current smoker, and number of pins were significant risk factors for pin site infection, with a higher rate of infection with 2 or more pins placed. Level of Evidence: Level IV, case series.

3226The impact of cardiovascular risk factors on global longitudinal strain over a ten-year period in the general population: The Copenhagen City Heart Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K G Skaarup ◽  
M C H L Lassen ◽  
S R B S Biering-Soerensen ◽  
P G J Joergensen ◽  
M A Appleyard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
General Population ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Global Longitudinal Strain ◽  
Spline Curves ◽  
Heart Study ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Global longitudinal strain (GLS) of the left ventricle (LV) has proved to be a strong predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. GLS declines throughout adult-life as the LV remodels and adapts. Information on the impact of cardiac risk factors such as male sex, obesity, smoking status, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes on GLS through time has not yet been investigated. Purpose The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of age, sex, body mass index (BMI), smoking status (current and previous vs never), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), total plasma cholesterol (TPC), and HbA1c on GLS in the general population over a 10-year period. Method A total of 689 citizens recruited from the general population participated in the 4th and 5th Copenhagen City Heart Study (CCHS4 and CCHS5) a prospective longitudinal study. At CCHS4 the mean age was 51 years and 45% were male. The average decline in GLS during the follow-up period was −0.65%. All participants underwent two echocardiographic examinations median 10.4 [IQR: 10.2, 10.9] years apart along with thorough health examinations. All analyses were adjusted for baseline GLS value (CCHS4 value). Results In regression models, increasing age, male sex, increasing BMI, MAP, hypertension, increasing HbA1c, and diabetes proved to be significantly associated with increased decline in GLS. Relationship between significant continuous cardiovascular risk factors and ΔGLS are displayed in restricted spline curves (Figure 1). In a multivariable regression model including all the investigated cardiovascular risk factors, estimated glomerular filtration rate, plasma pro B-type natriuretic peptide, heart rate, and previous ischemic heart disease, age (standardized β-coef. = −0.10, P=0.005), male sex (standardized β-coef. = −0.16, P<0.001), and MAP (standardized β-coef. = −0.07, P=0.009) remained independent predictors of an accelerated decline in GLS during a 10-year period. Restricted cubic spline curves Conclusion In the general population increasing age, male sex, and increasing MAP are all independently associated with an accelerated decline in GLS over a 10-year period.

Tumour incidence in Fabry disease: A cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-87
Author(s):  
Federica Rossi ◽  
Sara Auricchio ◽  
Agnese Binaggia ◽  
Vincenzo L’imperio ◽  
Fabio Pagni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
General Population ◽  
Fabry Disease ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Cancer Prevalence ◽  
Enzyme Replacement

Background: Recently, a possible correlation between altered glycosphingolipid metabolism, that occurs in Fabry disease, and cancer development has been suggested. We analysed both incidence and prevalence of benign and malignant tumours in a Fabry patient cohort and compared them with the Italian general population. The analysis of major risk factors was performed. Methods: A total of 53 Fabry patients, followed by Nephrology Unit of San Gerardo Hospital (Monza, Italy), were retrospectively enrolled. Primary outcome was cancer development during the follow-up period (2007–2017). Cancer prevalence and incidence rate were calculated and compared to those in the Italian general population, acquired from public report on cancer estimates produced by the Cancer Registers’ Italian Association. Fisher’s exact test and multivariate analysis were performed to identify significant risk factors. Results: Nine (17%) patients were diagnosed with malignant neoplasia (stage T1–T3, N0M0). Most of them were female (77.8%) and were 59 ± 9 years old. In the benign tumour group, different lesions, ranging from adenoma to dysplasia, were recorded. Italian cancer prevalence is currently 5.5%, while in our population it was 17%; the incidence rate ratio of the Fabry population compared with the general population was 2.66 (95% confidence interval from 1.33 to 5.32). The risk factor analysis has revealed that older age was a negative factor for cancer onset, while enzyme replacement therapy had a protective role effect against cancer in Fabry patients. Conclusion: Cancer could be an important associated pathology in Fabry patients. Their altered glycosphingolipid metabolism may have an oncogenic role. Further studies are needed to clarify the relationships between Fabry disease and cancer onset. Tumours in Fabry subjects could be diagnosed at an early stage allowing patients to have a concrete chance of treatment success.

P5642A clinical risk score for estimating sudden cardiac death risk in the general population

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Aro ◽  
A Holkeri ◽  
A Eranti ◽  
T Kerola ◽  
M J Junttila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
General Population ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Clinical Risk Score ◽  
Clinical Risk ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Male Sex

Abstract Background Sudden cardiac death (SCD) remains a major cause of premature mortality worldwide, so there has been an ongoing pursuit for tools for SCD risk stratification. Coronary artery disease is the major cause for SCD in adults, but the level of risk associated with multiple cardiovascular risk factors is not well established. Purpose To create a clinical risk score for estimating SCD risk in the general population. Methods Using data from a Finnish general population cohort of 7200 adults (mean age 51y, 46% male) with a mean follow-up of 24±11 years, we assessed the incremental SCD risk associated with the presence of several cardiovascular risk factors. SCD events were adjudicated based on death certificates according to the established criteria (autopsy was performed on 48% of SCD cases). Hazard ratios (HR) for SCD and all-cause mortality were calculated using the Cox proportional hazards model. Of the multiple parameters analysed, male sex, increasing age, diabetes, hypertension, smoking and previously diagnosed cardiac disease were independently associated with SCD in a multivariable model. Based on the magnitude of risk, a SCD risk score was created (2 points: age >70y; 1 point: male sex, age 60–70y, diabetes, hypertension, smoking, cardiac disease). Results 75.2% of the study subjects had 0–2 risk points, 12.8% 3 risk points, and 12.0% >3 risk points. During the follow-up, 400 SCDs occurred. Increasing risk score was associated with a progressively greater risk for SCD (Figure). Compared with subjects without risk factors, those with a risk score of 3 had a HR of 21.2 (95% CI 12.7–35.4, p<0.001) and those with a risk score of >3 had a HR of 52.6 (95% CI 31.3–88.3, p<0.001) for SCD. Clinical risk score predicted significantly also all-cause mortality (HR 31.5 with risk score >3 [95% CI 27.6–35.9, p<0.001]). Risk of SCD according to the risk score Conclusions Accumulation of multiple cardiovascular risk factors is associated with a markedly elevated risk for SCD in the general population. This highlights the need for SCD prevention efforts with lifestyle interventions and medical therapy in the high-risk subjects. Studies on focused SCD risk stratification may be warranted in the subjects at highest risk.

scholarly journals Bone fractures in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: prevalence and risk factors

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 4-10
Author(s):  
Tatiana Olegovna Yalochkina ◽  
Janna Evgen'evna Belaya ◽  
Lyudmila Yakovlevna Rozhinskaya ◽  
Michail Borisovich Antsiferov ◽  
Larisa Konstantinovna Dzeranova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Outpatient Clinic ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Male Sex

Aim. To estimate the prevalence of and risk factors for low-traumatic fractures in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Materials and methods. We questioned 214 patients with T2DM from a single outpatient clinic located in Moscow to evaluate the prevalence of and risk factors for low-traumatic fractures, the duration of and complications from TD2M and HbA1c levels.Results. Of 214 patients, 65 reported low-traumatic bone fractures. Patients with a history of low-traumatic fractures reported falls in the previous year (28%), whereas only 13% of patients without fractures reported falls. The difference was statistically significant, with an odds ratio of 2.34 (1,144,76), P=0,022. Men reported fractures more frequently than women (43.3% vs. 24.7%, respectively, P = 0.01). Patients with bone fractures had a lower body mass index (P = 0.022); however, a multivariate analysis revealed that a history of falls and male sex were the most significant risk factors for fracture.Conclusion. Around 30% of patients with T2DM from a Moscow outpatient clinic reported bone fractures. The most significant risk factors for fracture were a history of falls in the previous year and male sex. The article is the RePrint from the original article inDiabetes Mellitus (2016); 19(5) pp. 359-365. doi: 10.14341/DM7796

scholarly journals Toxoplasma gondii In Morocco And Palestine: General Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuhair Dardona ◽  
Safa Ben Alla ◽  
Mohamed Hafidi ◽  
Ali Boumezzough ◽  
Samia Boussaa
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
General Population ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Congenital Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Intracellular Parasite ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Underlying Risk

Toxoplasma gondii is a ubiquitous intracellular parasite, which is commonly known to infect all warm-blooded animals. Almost 30 % of the world’s human population is infected with this parasite, though the infection varies depending on the region and ethnic group. Also, almost half of pregnant women in Morocco and one-third in Palestine have been infected with toxoplasmosis. Several studies have been conducted in order to estimate the prevalence of this parasite among pregnant women in Morocco and Palestine. However, studies revolving around the occurrence of this parasite among livestock and the environment in Palestine and Morocco are inadequate. This review will shed light on the underlying risk factors associated with the prevalence of this parasite by drawing on a comparison between the occurrence of toxoplasmosis in two different countries. It also intends on increasing the awareness and knowledge regarding this parasite among the general population. Nonetheless, Congenital toxoplasmosis as well as the seroprevalence of Toxoplasmosis among women who have undergone abortion still need to be studied further, particularly in Morocco.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Long-term Hip Osteoarthritis in Patients With Femoroacetabular Impingement Without Surgical Intervention

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 2881-2886
Author(s):  
Heath P. Melugin ◽  
Rena F. Hale ◽  
Jun Zhou ◽  
Matthew LaPrade ◽  
Christopher Bernard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Femoroacetabular Impingement ◽  
Mixed Type ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Hip Osteoarthritis ◽  
Hip Pain ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Time Of Presentation

Background: Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is a common cause of hip pain and a known risk factor for hip osteoarthritis (OA) and total hip arthroplasty (THA) at a young age. Unfortunately, little is known about the specific factors associated with an increased risk of OA. Purpose: To (1) report the overall rate of symptomatic hip OA and/or THA in patients with FAI without surgical intervention and (2) identify radiographic features and patient characteristics associated with hip OA. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A geographic database was used to identify all patients with hip pain and radiographs between 2000 and 2016. Chart review was performed to identify patients with FAI. Patient medical records were reviewed to obtain demographic information, clinical history, physical examination findings, imaging details, and treatment details. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to determine the rate of hip OA. Univariate and multivariate proportional hazard regression models were performed to determine risk factors for OA. Results: The study included 952 patients (649 female; 303 male; 1104 total hips) with FAI. The majority of hips had mixed type (n = 785; 71.1%), 211 (19.1%) had pincer type, and 108 (9.8%) had cam type. Mean age at time of presentation was 27.6 ± 8.7 years. Mean follow-up time was 24.7 ± 12.5 years. The rate of OA was 13.5%. THA was performed in 4% of patients. Male sex, body mass index (BMI) greater than 29, and increased age were risk factors for OA (male sex: hazard ratio [HR], 2.28; P < .01; BMI >29: HR, 2.11; P < .01; per year of increased age: HR, 1.11; P < .01.). Smoking and diabetes mellitus were not significant risk factors. No radiographic morphological features were found to be significant risk factors for OA. Conclusion: At mean follow-up of 24.7 years, 14% of hips had symptomatic OA and 4% underwent THA. BMI greater than 29, male sex, and increased age at the time of presentation with hip pain were risk factors for hip OA. The cohort consisted of a large percentage of mixed-type FAI morphologies, and no specific radiographic risk factors for OA were identified.

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