scholarly journals Syndemics of Fluoroquinolone Resistance in N. gonorrhoeae, E. coli and K. pneumoniae: A Global Ecological Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Kenyon
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
General Population ◽  
Fluoroquinolone Resistance ◽  
Selection Methods ◽  
Ecological Analysis ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Country Level ◽  
National Prevalence

It is unclear how important it is to reduce fluoroquinolone consumption in the general population to prevent the spread of fluoroquinolone resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae (bystander selection). Methods We assessed bystander selection by using Spearman’s correlation to assess if the country-level prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistance in N. gonorrhoeae was correlated with the prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistance in four other gram-negative species - Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Results Fluoroquinolone resistance in N. gonorrhoeae was positively associated with homologous resistance in all 4 species - A. baumanii. (ρ=0.61, P=0.0003, E. coli (ρ=0.67, P<0.0001), K. pneumoniae (ρ=0.52, P=0.0004) and P. aeruginosa (ρ=0.40, P=0.0206). Positive associations were also found between the national prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistance and fluoroquinolone consumption in the general population in the preceding year for 4 of the 5 species. Conclusions Gonococcal fluoroquinolone resistance can be productively viewed as being part of a syndemic of fluoroquinolone resistance. Strengthening antimicrobial stewardship programs may help retard the spread of fluoroquinolone resistance in N. gonorrhoeae.

scholarly journals Positive Association between the Use of Quinolones in Food Animals and the Prevalence of Fluoroquinolone Resistance in E. coli and K. pneumoniae, A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa: A Global Ecological Analysis

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1193
Author(s):  
Chris Kenyon
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Fluoroquinolone Resistance ◽  
Ecological Analysis ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Food Animals ◽  
Human Infections

(1) Background: It is unclear what underpins the large global variations in the prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistance in Gram-negative bacteria. We tested the hypothesis that different intensities in the use of quinolones for food-animals play a role. (2) Methods: We used Spearman’s correlation to assess if the country-level prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistance in human infections with Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was correlated with the use of quinolones for food producing animals. Linear regression was used to assess the relative contributions of country-level quinolone consumption for food-animals and humans on fluoroquinolone resistance in these 4 species. (3) Results: The prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistance in each species was positively associated with quinolone use for food-producing animals (E. coli [ρ = 0.55; p < 0.001], K. pneumoniae [ρ = 0.58; p < 0.001]; A. baumanii [ρ = 0.54; p = 0.004]; P. aeruginosa [ρ = 0.48; p = 0.008]). Linear regression revealed that both quinolone consumption in humans and food animals were independently associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in E. coli and A. baumanii. (4) Conclusions: Besides the prudent use of quinolones in humans, reducing quinolone use in food-producing animals may help retard the spread of fluoroquinolone resistance in various Gram-negative bacterial species.

scholarly journals Positive Association between the Use of Quinolones in Food Animals and the Prevalence of Fluoroquinolone Resistance in E. Coli and K. Pneumoniae, A. Baumanii and P. Aeruginosa: A Global Ecological Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Kenyon
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Fluoroquinolone Resistance ◽  
Ecological Analysis ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Food Animals ◽  
Human Infections

BackgroundIt is unclear what underpins the large global variations in the prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistance in gram-negative bacteria. We tested the hypothesis that different intensities in the use of quinolones for food-animals plays a role. MethodsWe used Spearman&rsquo;s correlation to assess if the country-level prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistance in human infections with Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was correlated with the use of quinolones for food producing animals. Linear regression was used to assess the relative contributions of country-level quinolone consumption for food-animals and humans on fluoroquinolone resistance in these 4 species. ResultsThe prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistance in each species was positively associated with quinolone use for food-producing animals (E. coli [&rho;=0.55; P&lt;0.001], K. pneumoniae [&rho;=0.58; P&lt;0.001]; A. baumanii [&rho;=0.54; P=0.004]; P. aeruginosa [&rho;=0.48; P=0.008]). Linear regression revealed that both quinolone consumption in humans and food animals were independently associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in E. coli and A. baumanii. ConclusionsReducing quinolone use in food-producing animals may help retard the spread of fluoroquinolone resistance in various gram negative bacterial species.

scholarly journals Heterogeneous and Flexible Transmission ofmcr-1in Hospital-AssociatedEscherichia coli

mBio ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingbo Shen ◽  
Zuowei Wu ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
Rong Zhang ◽  
Hong-Wei Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Fluoroquinolone Resistance ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Colistin Resistance ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Genes Encoding

ABSTRACTThe recent emergence of a transferable colistin resistance mechanism, MCR-1, has gained global attention because of its threat to clinical treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. However, the possible transmission route ofmcr-1amongEnterobacteriaceaespecies in clinical settings is largely unknown. Here, we present a comprehensive genomic analysis ofEscherichia coliisolates collected in a hospital in Hangzhou, China. We found thatmcr-1-carrying isolates from clinical infections and feces of inpatients and healthy volunteers were genetically diverse and were not closely related phylogenetically, suggesting that clonal expansion is not involved in the spread ofmcr-1. Themcr-1gene was found on either chromosomes or plasmids, but in most of theE. coliisolates,mcr-1was carried on plasmids. The genetic context of the plasmids showed considerable diversity as evidenced by the different functional insertion sequence (IS) elements, toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems, heavy metal resistance determinants, and Rep proteins of broad-host-range plasmids. Additionally, the genomic analysis revealed nosocomial transmission ofmcr-1and the coexistence ofmcr-1with other genes encoding β-lactamases and fluoroquinolone resistance in theE. coliisolates. These findings indicate thatmcr-1is heterogeneously disseminated in both commensal and pathogenic strains ofE. coli, suggest the high flexibility of this gene in its association with diverse genetic backgrounds of the hosts, and provide new insights into the genome epidemiology ofmcr-1among hospital-associatedE. colistrains.IMPORTANCEColistin represents one of the very few available drugs for treating infections caused by extensively multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. The recently emergentmcr-1colistin resistance gene threatens the clinical utility of colistin and has gained global attention. Howmcr-1spreads in hospital settings remains unknown and was investigated by whole-genome sequencing ofmcr-1-carryingEscherichia coliin this study. The findings revealed extraordinary flexibility ofmcr-1in its spread among genetically diverseE. colihosts and plasmids, nosocomial transmission ofmcr-1-carryingE. coli, and the continuous emergence of novel Inc types of plasmids carryingmcr-1and newmcr-1variants. Additionally,mcr-1was found to be frequently associated with other genes encoding β-lactams and fluoroquinolone resistance. These findings provide important information on the transmission and epidemiology ofmcr-1and are of significant public health importance as the information is expected to facilitate the control of this significant antibiotic resistance threat.

scholarly journals In Vitro Activity of Newer and Conventional Antimicrobial Agents, Including Fosfomycin and Colistin, against Selected Gram-Negative Bacilli in Kuwait

Pathogens ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wadha Alfouzan ◽  
Rita Dhar ◽  
David Nicolau
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
The Other ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Microbroth Dilution

Limited data are available on susceptibilities of these organisms to some of the recently made accessible antimicrobial agents. The in vitro activities of newer antibiotics, such as, ceftolozane/tazobactam (C/T) and ceftazidime/avibactam (CZA) along with some “older” antibiotics, for example fosfomycin (FOS) and colistin (CL) were determined against selected strains (resistant to ≥ 3 antimicrobial agents) of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute microbroth dilution. 133 isolates: 46 E. coli, 39 K. pneumoniae, and 48 P. aeruginosa were tested. Results showed that E. coli isolates with MIC50/90, 0.5/1 μ g / mL for CL; 4/32 μ g / mL for FOS; 0.25/32 μ g / mL for C/T; 0.25/8 μ g / mL for CZA, exhibited susceptibility rates of 95.7%, 97.8%, 76.1%, and 89.1%, respectively. On the other hand, K. pneumoniae strains with MIC50/90, 0.5/1 μ g / mL for CL; 256/512 μ g / mL for FOS; 2/128 μ g / mL for C/T; 0.5/128 μ g / mL for CZA showed susceptibility rates of 92.3%, 7.7%, 51.3%, and 64.1%, respectively. P. aeruginosa isolates with MIC50/90, 1/1 μ g / mL for CL; 128/128 μ g / mL for C/T; 32/64 μ g / mL for CZA presented susceptibility rates of 97.9%, 33.3%, and 39.6%, respectively. Higher MICs were demonstrated against most of the antibiotics. However, CL retained efficacy at low MICs against most of the isolates tested.

scholarly journals National Surveillance of Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Bacteremic Gram-Negative Bacteria with Emphasis on Community-Acquired Resistant Isolates: Report from the 2019 Surveillance of Multicenter Antimicrobial Resistance in Taiwan (SMART)

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Po-Yu Liu ◽  
Yu-Lin Lee ◽  
Min-Chi Lu ◽  
Pei-Lan Shao ◽  
Po-Liang Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
National Surveillance ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant

ABSTRACT A multicenter collection of bacteremic isolates of Escherichia coli (n = 423), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 372), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 300), and Acinetobacter baumannii complex (n = 199) was analyzed for susceptibility. Xpert Carba-R assay and sequencing for mcr genes were performed for carbapenem- or colistin-resistant isolates. Nineteen (67.8%) carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae (n = 28) and one (20%) carbapenem-resistant E. coli (n = 5) isolate harbored blaKPC (n = 17), blaOXA-48 (n = 2), and blaVIM (n = 1) genes.

scholarly journals Antibiotic susceptibility of intra-abdominal infection isolates from Indian hospitals during 2008

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (9) ◽  
pp. 1050-1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen P. Hawser ◽  
Robert E. Badal ◽  
Samuel K. Bouchillon ◽  
Daryl J. Hoban ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Abdominal Infection ◽  
Intra Abdominal Infection ◽  
Abdominal Infections ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
Very High

A total of 542 clinical isolates of aerobic Gram-negative bacilli from intra-abdominal infections were collected during 2008 from seven hospitals in India participating in the Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends (SMART). Isolates were from various infection sources, the most common being gall bladder (30.1 %) and peritoneal fluid (31.5 %), and were mostly hospital-associated isolates (70.8 %) as compared to community-acquired (26.9 %). The most frequently isolated pathogens were Escherichia coli (62.7 %), Klebsiella pneumoniae (16.7 %) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (5.3 %). Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) rates in E. coli and K. pneumoniae were very high, at 67 % and 55 %, respectively. Most isolates exhibited resistance to one or more antibiotics. The most active drugs were generally ertapenem, imipenem and amikacin. However, hospital-acquired isolates in general, as well as ESBL-positive isolates, exhibited lower susceptibilities than community-acquired isolates. Further surveillance monitoring of intra-abdominal isolates from India is recommended.

scholarly journals Biotinylation Facilitates the Uptake of Large Peptides by Escherichia coli and Other Gram-Negative Bacteria

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 1850-1855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer R. Walker ◽  
Elliot Altman
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Cell Fractionation ◽  
Peptide Antibiotics ◽  
Small Peptides ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium

ABSTRACT Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli can normally only take up small peptides less than 650 Da, or five to six amino acids, in size. We have found that biotinylated peptides up to 31 amino acids in length can be taken up by E. coli and that uptake is dependent on the biotin transporter. Uptake could be competitively inhibited by free biotin or avidin and blocked by the protonophore carbonyl m-chlorophenylhydrazone and was abolished in E. coli mutants that lacked the biotin transporter. Biotinylated peptides could be used to supplement the growth of a biotin auxotroph, and the transported peptides were shown to be localized to the cytoplasm in cell fractionation experiments. The uptake of biotinylated peptides was also demonstrated for two other gram-negative bacteria, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This finding may make it possible to create new peptide antibiotics that can be used against gram-negative pathogens. Researchers have used various moieties to cause the illicit transport of compounds in bacteria, and this study demonstrates the illicit transport of the largest known compound to date.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Three Quaternary Ammonium Disinfectants on Different Germs Isolated from the Hospital Environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Amal Ramzi ◽  
Bouchra Oumokhtar ◽  
Yassine Ez zoubi ◽  
Touria Filali Mouatassem ◽  
Moussa Benboubker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli

Background. The microbiological risk of the hospital environment, including inert surfaces, medical devices, and equipment, represents a real problem. Objective. This study is aimed at demonstrating and assessing the antibacterial activity of three synthetic disinfectants classified as quaternary ammoniums on different bacterial strains (Gram-negative and Gram-positive like Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Staphylococcus aureus) isolated from the hospital environment. The reference strains included Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 used as negative control strains. Method. Three quaternary ammonium disinfectants were tested: DDN9® (0.5%) which contains didecylmethylpolyoxyethylammonium propionate as an active substance, spray (0.4%) containing quaternary ammonium compounds, and Phagosurf ND® (0.4%) with didecyldimethylammonium chloride. Their effect was evaluated using the disk diffusion technique and the broth dilution methods, allowing the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and then the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). Result. Only the growth of Gram-positive bacteria and some strains of Gram-negative bacteria were inhibited by the three synthetic disinfectants. NDD9® demonstrated an antibacterial effect only against the Gram-positive strains (S. aureus and S. aureus ATCC 29213) with a MIC of 0.25 mg/ml. The disinfectant spray showed effect against all four strains including E. coli (9), S. aureus, E. coli ATCC 25922, and P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 with an inhibitory concentration of 4 mg/ml, while the growth of S. aureus ATCC 29213 was inhibited at 2 mg/ml. The third disinfectant, Phagosurf ND®, inhibited only the growth of S. aureus ATCC 29213 at a MIC of 4 mg/ml. Conclusion. This study is the first here in Morocco to evaluate the bacterial activity of products intended for the control of the healthcare environment. The results obtained on the three disinfectants tested reveal an ineffectiveness against some isolated strains from the hospital environment.

scholarly journals Colonization and Resistance Dynamics of Gram-Negative Bacteria in Patients during and after Hospitalization

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 2879-2886 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Margreet G. Filius ◽  
Inge C. Gyssens ◽  
Irma M. Kershof ◽  
Patty J. E. Roovers ◽  
Alewijn Ott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
General Ward ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Icu Patients ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
General Wards ◽  
Colonization Rates

ABSTRACT The colonization and resistance dynamics of aerobic gram-negative bacteria in the intestinal and oropharyngeal microfloras of patients admitted to intensive care units (ICU) and general wards were investigated during and after hospitalization. A total of 3,316 specimens were obtained from patients upon admission, once weekly during hospitalization, at discharge from the ICU, at discharge from the hospital, and 1 and 3 months after discharge from the hospital. Five colonies per specimen were selected for identification and susceptibility testing. In both patient populations, the gram-negative colonization rates in oropharyngeal specimens increased during hospitalization and did not decrease in the 3 months after discharge. In rectal specimens, colonization rates decreased during hospitalization and increased after discharge. There was a change in species distribution among the dominant microfloras during hospitalization. Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., Serratia marcescens, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated more often, whereas the frequency of Escherichia coli declined. The percentage of ICU patients colonized with ampicillin- and/or cephalothin-resistant fecal E. coli was significantly increased at discharge from the hospital and did not change in the 3 months after discharge. The emergence of multidrug resistance was observed for E. coli during patient stays in the ICU. Resistance frequencies in E. coli significantly increased with the length of stay in the ICU. For the general ward population, no significant changes in resistance frequencies were found during hospitalization. From a population perspective, the risk of dissemination of resistant gram-negative bacteria into the community through hospitalized patients appears to be low for general ward patients but is noticeably higher among ICU patients.

scholarly journals Correct Sorting of Lipoproteins into the Inner and Outer Membranes ofPseudomonas aeruginosaby theEscherichia coliLolCDE Transport System

mBio ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Lorenz ◽  
Thomas J. Dougherty ◽  
Stephen Lory
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Outer Membrane ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Inner Membrane ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Outer Membranes

ABSTRACTBiogenesis of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria depends on dedicated macromolecular transport systems. The LolABCDE proteins make up the machinery for lipoprotein trafficking from the inner membrane (IM) across the periplasm to the outer membrane (OM). The Lol apparatus is additionally responsible for differentiating OM lipoproteins from those for the IM. InEnterobacteriaceae, a default sorting mechanism has been proposed whereby an aspartic acid at position +2 of the mature lipoproteins prevents Lol recognition and leads to their IM retention. In other bacteria, the conservation of sequences immediately following the acylated cysteine is variable. Here we show that inPseudomonas aeruginosa, the three essential Lol proteins (LolCDE) can be replaced with those fromEscherichia coli. TheP. aeruginosalipoproteins MexA, OprM, PscJ, and FlgH, with different sequences at their N termini, were correctly sorted by either theE. coliorP. aeruginosaLolCDE. We further demonstrate that an inhibitor ofE. coliLolCDE is active againstP. aeruginosaonly when expressing theE. coliorthologues. Our work shows that Lol proteins recognize a wide range of signals, consisting of an acylated cysteine and a specific conformation of the adjacent domain, determining IM retention or transport to the OM.IMPORTANCEGram-negative bacteria build their outer membranes (OM) from components that are initially located in the inner membrane (IM). A fraction of lipoproteins is transferred to the OM by the transport machinery consisting of LolABCDE proteins. Our work demonstrates that the LolCDE complexes of the transport pathways ofEscherichia coliandPseudomonas aeruginosaare interchangeable, with theE. coliorthologues correctly sorting theP. aeruginosalipoproteins while retaining their sensitivity to a small-molecule inhibitor. These findings question the nature of IM retention signals, identified inE. colias aspartate at position +2 of mature lipoproteins. We propose an alternative model for the sorting of IM and OM lipoproteins based on their relative affinities for the IM and the ability of the promiscuous sorting machinery to deliver lipoproteins to their functional sites in the OM.

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