scholarly journals The Pivotal Role of Phenological Stage Enhanced by Plant Origin Preparations in the Process of Rhizogenesis of Rosa ‘Hurdal’ Stem Cuttings

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Monder ◽  
Maciej Niedzielski ◽  
Konrad Woliński
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Plant Origin ◽  
Indolebutyric Acid ◽  
Organic Preparation

Some biostimulants, including plant origin preparations, act similarly to plant hormones. Moreover, the supplementation of known and unknown rooting cofactors can stimulate rhizogenesis in cuttings. The aim of this research was to assess the response of difficult-to-root and long-rooting stem cuttings of the once-blooming old variety Rosa ‘Hurdal’ to preparations of plant origin. The hypothesis was that plant origin preparations could enhance rooting processes by inhibiting chlorophyll a/b degradation in leaves and postponing leaf senescence, simultaneously increasing the quality of cuttings. The one-bud stem cuttings were made in four phenological stages: (H1) flower buds closed, (H2) open flowers, (H3) just after petal fall, (H4) 7-14 days after petal shedding. They were treated with either standard commercial powder preparations containing 0.4% indolebutyric acid (IBA) or 0.2% naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) as well as with commercial plant origin preparations that this work will henceforth refer to as: Algae Extract, Organic Preparation, and Plant Extract. The cuttings were evaluated after 12 weeks of rooting them in two substrates: peat-perlite and peat-sand (v:v; 1:1). Mean root percentages for both substrates were noted after preparation from stage H1 (74.5 %), H2 (59.5 %), H3 (50.8 %) shoots. The H4 cuttings didn’t root at all and were not considered further. The means for all phenology stages together were the highest by the use of 0.6 % Algae Extract, 0.012 % and 0.02 % Organic Preparation, 0.2 % and 0.4 % Plant Extract. The lowest means were reported for the control cuttings as well as NAA and IBA treatment. Plant origin preparations encouraged growth parameters but did not unequivocally inhibit the decrease of chlorophyll content in the cuttings’ leaves. Rooting percentage depended on the quality of cuttings as well as chlorophyll a/b and soluble protein content in leaves in both rooting substrates.

scholarly journals The Role of Plant Origin Preparations and Phenological Stage in Anatomy Structure Changes in the Rhizogenesis of Rosa “Hurdal”

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Joanna Monder ◽  
Paweł Kozakiewicz ◽  
Agnieszka Jankowska
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extract ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Plant Origin ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Indole Butyric Acid ◽  
Organic Preparation

Most old roses are difficult to root when propagated by cuttings. This research focused on the response of stem cuttings of Rosa “Hurdal” to plant origin preparations used as rhizogenesis enhancers through changes to the anatomical structure of the basal part of the stem. Cuttings derived from shoots in four phenological stages were prepared for the experiment: flower buds closed (H1); fully flowering (H2); immediately after petals have fallen (H3); 7–14 days after petals have fallen (H4). The cuttings were treated with 0.4% indole butyric acid (IBA; Ukorzeniacz Aaqua) or 0.2% naphthalene acetic acid (NAA; Ukorzeniacz Baqua), and with plant origin preparations: Algae extract (Bio Rhizotonic), Organic preparation (Root JuiceTM), and Plant extract (Bio Roots). A high rooting percentage in comparison to the control (27.5%) was obtained after treatments of the H1 cuttings with Algae extract (90%), Organic preparation (80%), and Plant extract (75%). The H4 cuttings did not root, probably as a result of an overgrowing callus and limited xylem formation. The anatomical structure of the shoot differed in subsequent phenological stages during the period of rooting in various ways, depending on the rooting enhancer used for treatment. Numerous correlations between rooting percentage and anatomical structure were proved, including the key role of vascular bundles in increasing rooting percentage by widening the vessel diameter.

scholarly journals Effect of Phenological Stage and Rooting Enhancers on Physiological Parameters in Stem Cuttings in the Process of Rhizogenesis of Rosa × alba ‘Maiden’s Blush’

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 572
Author(s):  
Marta Joanna Monder ◽  
Maciej Niedzielski ◽  
Konrad Woliński
Keyword(s):  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Phenological Stage ◽  
Plant Origin ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Indole Butyric Acid ◽  
Nursery Production ◽  
Prolonged Stress

Once-blooming roses belong to difficult-to-root. One-bud leafy cuttings have limited storage capacity, due to the small size of the stem, and are exposed to prolonged stress conditions. The objective of this study was to examine if the treatment of the cuttings of Rosa × alba ‘Maiden’s Blush’ with plant origin preparations as rooting enhancers may increase their rooting percentage, chlorophyll a/b, and proteins concentration in leaves. The cuttings were prepared from shoots in four phenological stages: flower buds closed, flowers open, immediately after petal shedding, and 7–14 days after petal fall. The following were used: 0.4% indole butyric acid (Ukorzeniacz Aaqua), 0.2% naphthalene acetic acid (Ukorzeniacz Baqua), Bio Rhizotonic; Root Juice™, and Bio Roots. Controls included untreated cuttings. The highest rooting percentage was obtained after two treatments with 0.6% Bio Rhizotonic (81.5%), compared to the control (55.0%), using cuttings from shoots with flower buds closed, but the rooting enhancers did not show any unequivocal impact on rooting percentage in cuttings of all phenological stages or affected improvement this feature in cuttings harvested 7–14 after shedding petals with low root ability. However, the action of plant preparations affected positively higher soluble proteins and chlorophyll content. The plant-origin preparations can be used as alternatives to chemicals in nursery production.

scholarly journals Rooting Softwood Cuttings of Leyland Cypress Outdoors Under Shade

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 124-128
Author(s):  
L. Eric Hinesley ◽  
Frank A. Blazich ◽  
Scott A. Derby
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Root Mass ◽  
Indolebutyric Acid ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizer ◽  
Auxin Concentration ◽  
Additional Improvement ◽  
Substrate Fertility

Abstract Stem cuttings of Leyland cypress [x Cupressocyparis leylandii (A.B. Jacks. & Dallim.) Dallim. & A.B. Jacks], were rooted to determine the effect of A) date of collection, rooting substrate, and mist frequency, B) auxin formulation and concentration, C) rooting substrate, D) substrate fertility, and E) type of cutting and auxin concentration. Results were best for misting intervals of 5 to 7 min during the day, but 10 min was also adequate. Rooting was comparable for softwood cuttings collected in late May or late June. Powder and liquid auxin formulations, which both contained indolebutyric acid (IBA), yielded similar results. Cuttings that were more lignified (light tan color) at the bases benefited the most from higher concentrations [≈ 8000 ppm (0.8%)] of IBA in talc, whereas less mature cuttings (green at the bases) rooted in highest percentages with lower concentrations [≈ 3000 ppm (0.3%)]. Rooting was similar in substrates with a peat:perlite ratio (v/v) of 1:1, 1:2, or 1:4, whereas results were less satisfactory in 100% perlite. Controlled release fertilizer [1.8 kg/m3 (4 lb/yd3)] in the rooting substrate did not affect rooting percent, but greatly increased root mass and quality of rooted cuttings. Doubling the rate resulted in little additional improvement. Rooting was comparable for vigorous side shoots (1st-order laterals) and tips from vigorous upright branches (primary axes) of similar maturity.

scholarly journals IBA, Juvenility, and Position on Ortets Influence Propagation of Carolina Buckthorn from Softwood Cuttings

2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Graves
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Indolebutyric Acid ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Influence Propagation ◽  
Primary Roots ◽  
Foliar Traits ◽  
Juvenile Plants

Abstract Carolina buckthorn (Rhamnus caroliniana Walt.) has horticultural potential but is not often propagated or grown as a nursery crop. My objective was to determine how three concentrations of indolebutyric acid (IBA) affect foliar quality of cuttings, callus development, and rooting of terminal and subtending softwood cuttings from both juvenile and mature stock plants (ortets). Twelve cuttings were assigned to each of 12 factorial treatment combinations and held under intermittent mist for five weeks. Fewer than 10% of cuttings not treated with IBA rooted. Rooting ≥75% resulted when IBA at 3 or 8 g/kg (3000 or 8000 ppm) was applied unless the cuttings were from terminal positions on mature ortets. High quality and dry weight of leaves were associated with subtending cuttings that were juvenile and with terminal cuttings that were mature, but these foliar traits did not lead to particularly high rooting percentages. Juvenile cuttings with IBA at 8 g/kg (8000 ppm) formed the most primary roots and developed root systems with the greatest weight, and dry weight of roots on juvenile cuttings that were subtending (25.6 mg) was about four times that ofjuvenile, terminal cuttings (6.5 mg). The longest individual roots were on juvenile cuttings with IBA at 3 or 8 g/kg (3000 or 8000 ppm). Frequency of callus on the cut end of stems decreased as IBA concentration increased and was 94 and 75%, respectively, for cuttings from juvenile and mature ortets. Nearly all cuttings with IBA at 3 or 8 g/kg (3000 or 8000 ppm) developed callus on wounds that had been made along the sides of their stems. The frequency of side callus was greater for juvenile, subtending cuttings than for juvenile, terminal cuttings; the opposite was true for mature cuttings. These results confirm the sensitivity of stem cuttings of Carolina buckthorn to IBA. The data also demonstrate that use of subtending wood will improve rooting percentages of cuttings from mature ortets, and that use of subtending cuttings from juvenile plants and of IBA at 8 g/kg (8000 ppm) will increase the number and dry weight of roots.

scholarly journals Propagation of Quercus robur L. (English Oak) by stem cuttings in Western Himalayas (Kashmir)

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1&2) ◽  
pp. 185-189
Author(s):  
Javaid Iqbal ◽  
V. Dutt ◽  
Hillal Ahmad ◽  
G.M. Bhat ◽  
P. A. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Western Himalayas ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Kashmir Valley ◽  
Indolebutyric Acid ◽  
Auxin Treatment ◽  
English Oak

Two experiments were conducted for propagation of Quercus robur L. by stem cuttings in Kashmir valley. First experiment which includes: hardwood cuttings were treated with Indolebutyric acid(IBA)having concentrations of 5,000, 10,000, 15,000, and 20,000 ppm in talc and Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) having concentrations of 500, 1,000 and 1,500 ppm in talc while the second experiment i.e. softwood cuttings were taken and treated with Indolebutyric acid (IBA) having concentrations of 5,000, 10,000, 15,000, 20,000 ppm quick-dipped for 5-seconds and Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) having concentrations of500, 1,000 and 1,500 ppm dipped for 24 hours and in both (nontreated) as control and placed under mist conditions. It was found that English Oak can be propagated through cuttings and auxin treatment is imperative and Indolebutyric acid (IBA) with concentration of 10,000 ppm showed best results with highest recorded rooting of 51.30 per cent in case of softwood cuttings and for hardwood cuttings also, Indolebutyric acid (IBA) with concentration of 10,000 ppm showed good results with highest recorded rooting of 29.70 per cent. However, control and NAA-treatments in both softwood and hardwood cuttings could not induce rooting at all.

scholarly journals Auxin type and dilution vehicles on vegetative propagation of Varronia curassavica Jacq. and Melaleuca alternifolia Cheel

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-246
Author(s):  
Marcelo Pereira ◽  
Lilian Fernanda Sfendrych Gonçalves ◽  
Erik Nunes Gomes ◽  
Überson Boaretto Rossa ◽  
Cícero Deschamps
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Melaleuca Alternifolia ◽  
Indolebutyric Acid ◽  
Naoh Solution

Abstract Studies on the propagation of medicinal and ornamental plant species show of great relevance as they contribute to the domestication, cultivation and production of these species. However, there are not enough information concerning the interaction of the different plant growth regulators and the recommended dilution vehicles. This work aimed to evaluate the effects of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and ethanol as rooting inducers, as well as their performance as vehicles for diluting indolebutyric acid (IBA) and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) in stem cuttings of the species Varronia curassavica and Melaleuca alternifolia. Stem cuttings of both species were submitted to the treatments: control with distilled water, hydroethanolic solution (50% v v-1), NaOH solution in distilled water, indolebutyric acid diluted in hydroethanolic solution, indolebutyric acid diluted in NaOH solution, naphthalene acetic acid diluted in hydroethanolic acid and naphthalene acetic acid diluted in NaOH solution (0.5 N). The design used was completely randomized, with the averages compared by the Scott-Knott test at 5% probability. Better rooting of the cuttings was observed when IBA was applied using both dilution vehicles. For M. alternifolia, percentages of average survival of 26.43% were verified. Rooting was more satisfactory when using NaOH as a dilution vehicle for both IBA (16.66%) and NAA (23.33%). For V. curassavica, IBA (2000 mg L-1) is the most suitable plant regulator, diluted in both hydroethanolic solution and in NaOH, while for M. alternifolia, NaOH is recommended as a dilution vehicle for plant growth regulators NAA (500 mg L-1) and IBA (500 mg L-1). When applied isolated, the dilution vehicles do not stimulate and do not harm the rooting of the two species.

scholarly journals Investigating the quality of stored drinking water from the Harare water distribution system, Zimbabwe

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pardon Dandadzi ◽  
Zvikomborero Hoko ◽  
Tamuka Nhiwatiwa
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
Guideline Values ◽  
June July

Abstract This study investigated the effects of different storage conditions (refrigerator, cupboard and sunlight) on the quality of drinking water collected from the distribution system. The study was carried out in the period June–July 2017 and focussed on selected suburbs of Harare. Sampling sites on the distribution system were grouped into three zones (1, 2 and 3) depending on the proximity to the treatment plant, whether there was further chlorination or not and the water flow path. Three water samples were collected in opaque 5 L containers from one site (tap) in each zone and stored under the three storage conditions and periodically analysed for pH, free residual chlorine, temperature and chlorophyll-a. The pH of stored water increased with storage time for all storage conditions and in all zones. The residual chlorine decreased with time in all zones and under all storage conditions. The chlorophyll-a levels also decreased with time under all storage conditions. Refrigerator samples showed the slowest deterioration of water quality and sunlight the highest. Although the pH of stored water increased with time, it remained within both SAZ and WHO guideline values. Household disinfection of stored water is recommended generally after 1 week of storage.

Changes of microbial indices of water quality in the Vistula and Brda rivers as a result of sewage treatment plant operation

2008 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Walczak
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
Plant Operation ◽  
Treated Sewage ◽  
Microbiological Parameters ◽  
Microbial Indices

Changes of microbial indices of water quality in the Vistula and Brda rivers as a result of sewage treatment plant operationThis paper reports the results of studies of microbiological changes in the water quality of the Vistula and Brda rivers after the opening of sewage treatment plants in Bydgoszcz. The study involved determining the microbiological parameters of water quality. Based on the results obtained, it was found that the quality of the water in both rivers had improved decidedly after the opening of the plants, although an increased number of individual groups of microorganisms was found at the treated sewage outlet from one of the plants.

Microbial Quality of Human Wastes and Treatment Plant Effluent

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 257-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kawamura ◽  
M. Kaneko
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Microbial Quality ◽  
Chlorination Process ◽  
Fecal Streptococci ◽  
Human Wastes ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Spore Forming Bacteria

In order to evaluate the microbial quality of human wastes and effluents from treatment processes, the microbial flora of samples was examined. Total coliforms, fecal coliforms and fecal streptococci were used as indicator micro-organisms, and Vibrio cholerae non O-1, Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus and Welchii (Clostridium perfrigens) were selected as pathogenic organisms. Salmonella was detected in only the water samples from the night soil treatment plant, while Staphylococcus aureus was detected in the night soil and the samples from the night soil purification tanks. Vibrio cholerae non 0-1 was not detected in any samples, but Welchii existed in almost all samples. Generally, the density levels and distribution patterns of the indicator micro-organisms were similar to those in the raw wastewaters. The microbial flora was not changed remarkably after the primary sedimentation process and the biological treatment process. After the chlorination process, total colonies, spore-forming bacteria, Welchii, moulds and fecal streptococci could survive, and spore-forming bacteria formed the majority of the total colonies in the well-chlorinated effluents. Welchii at the level of 103/100 ml can be used as the indicator micro-organism to ensure a sanitary safe discharge, because it can survive at the level of 103−104/100 ml even if other indicators and pathogenic micro-organisms are inactivated completely by the chlorination process.

Relationships between Population Dynamics and Operating Parameters in an Activated Sludge-Plant by Statistical Analysis

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 399-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Cingolani ◽  
M. Cossignani ◽  
R. Miliani
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Aerobic Treatment

Statistical analyses were applied to data from a series of 38 samples collected in an aerobic treatment plant from November 1989 to December 1990. Relationships between microfauna structure and plant operating conditions were found. Amount and quality of microfauna groups and species found in activated sludge proved useful to suggest the possible causes of disfunctions.

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