Risk factors for acute respiratory viral infections in pregnant women. Effectiveness of preventive measures

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
L.V. Kuklina ◽  
◽  
E.N. Kravchenko ◽  
M.A. Ozherelyeva ◽  
E.A. Zadorozhnaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Vitamins E And C ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections ◽  
Tract Infections

Objective. To identify risk factors for acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) (influenza and novel coronavirus infection (NCI) COVID-19) in pregnant women and evaluate the effectiveness of pharmacological prevention. Patients and methods. During the first phase, 152 individual medical records of pregnant women were retrospectively studied: 102 women (the first main group) with acute respiratory viral infections and 50 pregnant women who had no acute respiratory viral infections (the control group). The second phase was a prospective comparative study: the second main group (n = 100) – pregnant women who received recombinant interferon α-2b (IFN-α2b) with vitamins E and C as preventive treatment; the comparison group (n = 100) – without preventive treatment. Results. Risk factors for the incidence of ARVI included anemia (χ2 = 0.003), obesity (χ2 = 0.026), cardiovascular diseases (χ2 = 0.060), diabetes mellitus (χ2 = 0.050), frequent ARVI in medical history (χ2 = 0.028), nicotine intoxication (χ2 = 0.008), urinary tract infections (χ2 < 0.001). The second phase: 10% of pregnant women who received preventive treatment had mild forms of influenza and NCI; 2% of women had a moderate form. In the second main group, 33% of pregnant women were sick (OR = 2.852, 95% CI = 1.354–6.005, χ2 = 0.005): 26% of women had a mild form, 6% of women had a moderate form and 1% of women had a severe form. In the second main group, threatened miscarriage (χ2 < 0.001), preterm birth (χ2 < 0.001), gestational pyelonephritis (χ2 = 0.006), placental insufficiency (χ2 < 0.001), pre-eclampsia (χ2 = 0.006), congenital anomalies of the fetus (χ2 = 0.017) and intrauterine infection (χ2 < 0.001) were more frequent. Conclusions. Among risk factors for ARVI during pregnancy were anemia, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and nicotine intoxication. Preventive treatment with recombinant IFNα-2b with vitamins E and C reduced the incidence of acute respiratory viral infections in pregnant women by 2.8 times and improved perinatal outcomes by 4.7 times. Key words: pregnancy, acute respiratory viral infections, prevention

Clinical Features of Urinary Infections in Pregnant Women with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 18-31
Author(s):  
I. V. Alekseenko ◽  
L. A. Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Pregnancy Termination ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Tract Infections

Aim. To study clinical manifestations of urinary tract infections in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM).Materials and methods. Pregnant women with urinary tract infections (UTIs) were examined: 110 with type 1 diabetes mellitus (main group) and 133 without diabetes mellitus (comparison group). The diagnosis of UTI was based on the clinical picture (for manifestation forms) and confirmed by a dual culture method using both the classical approach and DipStreak tests. The determination of the sensitivity of the isolated microorganisms to antibacterial drugs was carried out by the disk diffusion test on Mueller-Hinton agar using paper disks. Instrumental research included ultrasound of the kidneys, urinary tract and fetoplacental complex.Results. In the main group, UTIs were pyelonephritis, asymptomatic bacteriuria (AB) and low AB (102–104 CFU/ml) was detected in 38, 69 and 31 patients, respectively. In the comparison group, pyelonephritis, AB and low AB was detected in 41, 63 and 29 patients, respectively. In the main group, the classic course of pyelonephritis was observed in 44.7%, low-symptomatic — in 26.3%, “according to the type of carbohydrate metabolism decompensation” — in 21%, and the obstetric variant — in 7.9% of patients. In the comparison group, the classic version of pyelonephritis was in 70.7%, low-symptomatic — in 24.4%, asymptomatic — in 4.9%. Bilateral pyelonephritis in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes mellitus prevailed over unilateral: 65.8 vs 34.2%. During AB, in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, hyperglycemia was observed in 23.1% (n = 16), the threat of pregnancy termination in 53.6% (n = 37), and moderate preeclampsia in 17.4% (n = 12). In patients with low AB, glycemia above the target values was recorded in 16.1% (n = 5), the threat of pregnancy termination in 38.7% (n = 12), and moderate preeclampsia in 12.9% (n = 4).Conclusion. Based on the specifics of the clinical manifestations of UTIs in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes mellitus, the following types of pyelonephritis can be distinguished: classic, low-symptom, “decompensation of carbohydrate metabolism” and obstetric. The classical course of pyelonephritis in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes mellitus is statistically significantly less common (p <0.05) as compared with pregnant women without diabetes mellitus. The features of AB in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes mellitus are the development of hyperglycemia and obstetric complications.

Risk Factors in Diabetes and Pregnant Women with Urinary Tract Infections Compared to Younger Aged Female.

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-38
Author(s):  
Abdulghani Mohamed Alsamarai ◽  
Shler Ali Khorshed
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Female Student ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Infected Female ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Urinary tract infection is common with health impact in women and characterised by failure to treatment and recurrent episodes. Aim: This study was conducted to determine the risk factors for the development of urinary tract infection in diabetic and pregnant women in comparison to student female. Materials and methods: A prospective cross-sectional study conducted during the period from 1st of June 2015 to the end of January 2016. The population included in the study are 563 women, of them 425 were outpatients, and 138 were inpatients. Their age range between 18 and 80 years, with a mean age of 33.59±15.29 years. Urine samples collected and cultured on blood agar and MacConkey agar by spread plate technique. Bacterial colonies with different morphology were selected, purified and identified according to their biochemical characteristics using conventional standard methods. Results: In diabetic women, there were no significant difference in mean age and BMI values between culture positive and culture negative groups. However, pus cell mean scale was significantly higher [P=0.000] in women with urinary tract infection [1.76±1.25] than in those with negative culture [0.69±1.00]. In pregnant women, BMI mean value was significantly [P=0.013] lower in pregnant women with UTI [26.14] as compared to those without infection [26.99]. Pus cell scale mean value was significantly [P=0.000] higher in pregnant women with UTI [1.55] than women with negative UTI [0.85]. While there was no significant difference in mean age between UTI positive and negative pregnant women. In female student, there was a significant difference between UTI infected and non-infected in mean age [P=0.041] and pus cell scale [P=0.000]. However, BMI was not significantly different between infected and non-infected female student. Other risk factors association are variables in the 3 groups when analysed using X2, while AUC and OR show different trends of association between risk factors and UTI. Conclusion: BMI, pus cell scale, child number, delivery method, operation history and hospital setting were significantly associated with culture positivity in the 3 studied groups as determined by AUC. While OR confirmed association with pus sale scale in the 3 groups.

scholarly journals Respiratory viral infections in the elderly

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 175346662199505
Author(s):  
Alastair Watson ◽  
Tom M. A. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Prolonged Hospital

With the global over 60-year-old population predicted to more than double over the next 35 years, caring for this aging population has become a major global healthcare challenge. In 2016 there were over 1 million deaths in >70 year olds due to lower respiratory tract infections; 13–31% of these have been reported to be caused by viruses. Since then, there has been a global COVID-19 pandemic, which has caused over 2.3 million deaths so far; increased age has been shown to be the biggest risk factor for morbidity and mortality. Thus, the burden of respiratory viral infections in the elderly is becoming an increasing unmet clinical need. Particular challenges are faced due to the interplay of a variety of factors including complex multimorbidities, decreased physiological reserve and an aging immune system. Moreover, their atypical presentation of symptoms may lead to delayed necessary care, prescription of additional drugs and prolonged hospital stay. This leads to morbidity and mortality and further nosocomial spread. Clinicians currently have limited access to sensitive detection methods. Furthermore, a lack of effective antiviral treatments means there is little incentive to diagnose and record specific non-COVID-19 viral infections. To meet this unmet clinical need, it is first essential to fully understand the burden of respiratory viruses in the elderly. Doing this through prospective screening research studies for all respiratory viruses will help guide preventative policies and clinical trials for emerging therapeutics. The implementation of multiplex point-of-care diagnostics as a mainstay in all healthcare settings will be essential to understand the burden of respiratory viruses, diagnose patients and monitor outbreaks. The further development of novel targeted vaccinations as well as anti-viral therapeutics and new ways to augment the aging immune system is now also essential. The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section.

scholarly journals Clinical-epidemiological peculiarities of acute respiratory infections in children from 3 to 12 years and evaluation of effectiveness of antivirus therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
S. A. Khmilevskaya ◽  
N. I. Zryachkin ◽  
V. E. Mikhailova
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections ◽  
Acute Respiratory Viral Infection ◽  
Tract Infections

The aim: to study the etiological structure of acute respiratory infections in children aged 3 to 12 hospitalized in the early stages of the disease in the department of respiratory infections of the children’s hospital, and to reveal the features of their clinical course and the timing of DNA / RNA elimination of respiratory viruses from nasal secretions, depending on the method of therapy. Materials and methods: 100 children with acute respiratory infections aged 3 to 12 years were monitored. The nasal secrets on the DNA / RNA of respiratory viruses were studied by PCR. Depending on the method of therapy, patients were divided into 2 groups: patients of group 1 (comparison) received basic treatment (without the use of antiviral drugs), in patients of the 2nd group (main), along with basal therapy, the drug was used umifenovir in a 5-day course at the ageappropriate dosage. Results: In the etiologic structure of ARVI in children from 3 to 12 years, the leading place was taken by rhinovirus, influenza and metapneumovirus infections (isolated – 18%, 19% and 20% respectively, in the form of a mixed infection – 11%). The main syndromic diagnosis at the height of the disease was rhinopharyngitis. Complications were observed in 42% of cases, as often as possible with flu – 53% of cases. Features of metapneumovirus infection in children of this age group were: predominance of non-severe forms of the disease in the form of acute fever with symptoms of rhinopharyngitis, as well as a small incidence of lower respiratory tract infections. The use of the drug umiphenovir in children with acute respiratory viral infections of various etiologies contributed to significantly faster elimination of viral DNA / RNA from the nasal secretion, which was accompanied by a ecrease in the duration of the main clinical and hematological symptoms of the disease, a decrease in the incidence of complications, and reduced the duration of stay in hospital. Conclusion: application of modern molecular genetic methods of diagnostics made it possible to identify the leading role of influenza, metapneumovirus and rhinovirus infections in the etiology of acute respiratory viral infection in patients aged 3 to 12 years, and to determine a number of clinical features characteristic of this age group. The results of the study testify to the effectiveness of umiphenovir in the treatment of children with acute respiratory viral infections of various etiologies and allow us to recommend this drug as an effective and safe etiotropic agent.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the effectiveness of ARVI treatment regimen including etiotropic (enisamium iodide) and symptomatic treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
D. A. Lioznov ◽  
E. J. Karnaukhova ◽  
T. G. Zubkova ◽  
E. V. Shakhlanskaya
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Antiviral Drug ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Symptomatic Therapy ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections

Aim. To assess the effectiveness of the use of the antiviral drug enisamium iodide in the complex treatment of acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) caused by various pathogens in routine clinical practice. Materials and methods. А prospective randomized study included 134 patients who were treated in the epidemic season of influenza and ARVI in 20182019. All patients were examined for the presence of influenza A and B viruses, respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus, parainfluenza virus, coronaviruses, rhinoviruses, adenoviruses in nasopharyngeal swabs by PCR. Patients of the main group received enisamium iodide along with symptomatic therapy, the control group received only symptomatic therapy. The primary parameter of the effectiveness of therapy was evaluated on the scale of the general severity of the manifestations of ARVI (Total Symptom Score TSS) from the 2nd to the 4th day and by the secondary criteria of effectiveness: assessment of the duration of ARVI, the severity of fever, the proportion of patients with normal body temperature, the duration of the main clinical symptoms of acute respiratory viral infections, the proportion of patients in whom complications requiring antibiotics were noted, the dynamics of interferon status on the 6th day. To conduct a statistical analysis, depending on the efficiency parameter, the ANCOVA method with a fixed group factor and an initial score on the TSS severity scale was used as covariates, a criterion for comparing quantitative indicators in two independent groups. Results. According to the results of the analysis of the primary efficacy parameter, the median (interquartile range) of the average score on the scale of the general severity of ARVI manifestations in the main group was 4.33 (3.675.83), in the comparison group 6.00 (4.677.25; p0.001). The duration of systemic and local manifestations of acute respiratory viral infections was statistically significantly less in the main group (p=0.002 and p=0.019, respectively). Prescription of additional therapy was required in 2 (2.9%) patients of the main group (patients taking enisamium iodide), compared with 8 (11.9%) patients in the control group. Serum levels of interferon  and interferon  on the last day of treatment were statistically significantly higher in patients of the main group compared with the control group (p0.001). Treatment (excellent) was evaluated by 42 (62.7%) patients, while in the control group only 17 (25.8%) patients gave similar ratings. Both patients (p0.001) and doctors (p0.002) rated therapy tolerance better in the study group. Conclusion. The results confirmed the safety and effectiveness of enisamium iodide as a treatment for ARVI and influenza. The antiviral, interferonogenic and anti-inflammatory properties of the drug are involved in the formation of an antiviral response and reduce the risk of complications, which makes it possible to reduce the number of symptomatic agents used.

scholarly journals Ocular Risk Factors in the Primary Formation of Diabetic Macular Edema in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-229
Author(s):  
M. V. Pshenichnov ◽  
O. V. Kolenko ◽  
E. L. Sorokin ◽  
Ya. E. Pashentcev
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Macular Edema ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Main Group ◽  
The Mean

Purpose. Revealing of the ocular risk factors in the formation of diabetic macular edema (ME) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2).Patients and methods. A 3.5-year research of 80 patients (160 eyes) with DM2 without signs of ME at the beginning of the research was performed. The main group consisted of 46 patients with ME symptoms on one or both eyes during the research period, the comparison group included 34 patients without ME symptoms to the end of the research. The initial ocular characteristics were retrospect compared in groups.Results. The mean value of the axial lengths (AL) in the eyes of the main group was 23.12 ± 0.75 mm compared to 23.82 ± 0.62 mm in the comparison group (significant difference, p < 0.01). AL was less than 23.5 mm in 66 % of the eyes in the main group and only in 22 % of the eyes in the comparison group (p < 0.01). The mean value of the initial macular retina volume in the main group was significantly higher than in the comparison group — 7.51 ± 0.22 mm3 and 7.21 ± 0.12 mm3, respectively (p < 0.01). Initial background diabetic retinopathy (DR) was noted in 73 % of the eyes in the main group, which significantly differed from the comparison group, where this index was noted only in 13 % of the eyes (p < 0.01).Conclusion. Significant ocular risk factors for the formation of ME in patients with DM2 are: the initial macular retina volume more than 7.3 mm3, the value of the AL less than 23.5 mm; the initial background DR. The use of the detected morphometric parameters of eye and retina in combination with an adequate assessment of the risk factors in human organism makes it possible to assume with high degree of probability a high risk of the primary formation of diabetic ME in patients with DM2. 

Organisation of Medical Care for Pregnant Women, Women in Labor and New Mothers with COVID-19 Infection

2020 ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
Vladimir Klimov
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Physiological Condition ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Insufficient Information ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
New Mothers ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections

Although pregnancy is a physiological condition, this category of women has a high probability of severe acute respiratory viral infections, and a fairly high affinity to these diseases, due to physiological changes in the immune system. In 2009/2010, during the A(H1N1)09 virus that caused pig flu, the morbidity among pregnant women reached 27.9%. In addition, such viruses as SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV are known to contribute to severe complications in pregnancy and lead to the need for endotracheal intubation and hospitalisation of women to the intensive care unit, and in some cases, diseases caused by these viruses can cause kidney failure and even death, which reaches 25% when SARS-CoV is detected among pregnant women. At the present stage, there is insufficient information on the new coronavirus infection impact on pregnant women and newborns, and there are no reliable recommendations as to the management of pregnant women when COVID-19 is diagnosed. In this article, we will try to summarise information on managing such patients based on the cases when coronavirus was diagnosed in pregnant women.

scholarly journals Clinical Presentation, Risk Factors, and Cross-Protection from Repeated Respiratory Viral Infections in Infants in Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S458-S458
Author(s):  
Jim Boonyaratanakornkit ◽  
Janet Englund ◽  
Amalia Magaret ◽  
Yunqi Bu ◽  
James Tielsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Cross Protection ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections
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