scholarly journals Oxygen pulse as a protective factor of insulin resistance in sedentary women with overweight or obesity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Gonzalez Rojas ◽  
Johana Soto Sánchez ◽  
Marcelo Cano Capellacci ◽  
Rodrigo Muñoz Claro ◽  
Javiera Cancino Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
Oxygen Pulse

Background: Obesity is associated with insulin resistance (IR). Through exercise insulin resistant obese patients can effectively improve their cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). The effect of exercise on patients CRF can be determined by oxygen pulse (PO2) analysis. Despite its usefulness, there is limited literature on PO2 analysis in patients with obesity and insulin resistance. Objective: The goal of the present study is to evaluate the relation between PO2 and IR in sedentary obese women. Methods: 55 women were submitted to a maximal exercise test for evaluation of maximal oxygen consumption and PO2. The subjects with a Homeostatic model assessment of IR index greater or equal to 2.5 were considered as insulin-resistant. Participants were divided into 2 groups, IR group (n=35) and Non-IR group (n=20). Results: IR group had lower values of PO2 relative to body weight (11.0±1.7 versus 12.6±1.4 ml∙kg∙beats-1, p=0.001) and relative to lean mass (21.7±2.9 versus 23.2±2.8 ml∙kg∙beats-1, p=0.038) than Non- IR group. No statistical differences were found in maximal oxygen consumption between groups (Non IR=1.53±0.27 L∙min-1, IR=1.51±0.28 L∙min-1; p=0.386). PO2 relative to body weight and HOMA-IR was inversely correlated (p<0.001; r=-0.465). Logistic regression analysis showed an association between PO2 relative to weight (p=0.001, OR=0.47) and fat free mass (p=0.01, OR=0.73), both models adjusted by age. Conclusions: This study demonstrates a relation between HOMA-IR and PO2. Our results suggest that PO2 could be a protective factor against insulin resistance.

scholarly journals Exercise-induced reversal of insulin resistance in obese elderly is associated with reduced visceral fat

2006 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
pp. 1584-1589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie B. O’Leary ◽  
Christine M. Marchetti ◽  
Raj K. Krishnan ◽  
Bradley P. Stetzer ◽  
Frank Gonzalez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Men And Women

Exercise improves glucose metabolism and delays the onset and/or reverses insulin resistance in the elderly by an unknown mechanism. In the present study, we examined the effects of exercise training on glucose metabolism, abdominal adiposity, and adipocytokines in obese elderly. Sixteen obese men and women (age = 63 ± 1 yr, body mass index = 33.2 ± 1.4 kg/m2) participated in a 12-wk supervised exercise program (5 days/wk, 60 min/day, treadmill/cycle ergometry at 85% of heart rate maximum). Visceral fat (VF), subcutaneous fat, and total abdominal fat were measured by computed tomography. Fat mass and fat-free mass were assessed by hydrostatic weighing. An oral glucose tolerance test was used to determine changes in insulin resistance. Exercise training increased maximal oxygen consumption (21.3 ± 0.8 vs. 24.3 ± 1.0 ml·kg−1·min−1, P < 0.0001), decreased body weight ( P < 0.0001) and fat mass ( P < 0.001), while fat-free mass was not altered ( P > 0.05). VF (176 ± 20 vs. 136 ± 17 cm2, P < 0.0001), subcutaneous fat (351 ± 34 vs. 305 ± 28 cm2, P < 0.03), and total abdominal fat (525 ± 40 vs. 443 ± 34 cm2, P < 0.003) were reduced through training. Circulating leptin was lower ( P < 0.003) after training, but total adiponectin and tumor necrosis factor-α remained unchanged. Insulin resistance was reversed by exercise (40.1 ± 7.7 vs. 27.6 ± 5.6 units, P < 0.01) and correlated with changes in VF ( r = 0.66, P < 0.01) and maximal oxygen consumption ( r = −0.48, P < 0.05) but not adipocytokines. VF loss after aerobic exercise training improves glucose metabolism and is associated with the reversal of insulin resistance in older obese men and women.

Comparison of leucine kinetics in endurance-trained and sedentary humans

1999 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 320-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda S. Lamont ◽  
Arthur J. McCullough ◽  
Satish C. Kalhan
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Leucine Oxidation ◽  
Leucine Kinetics

Whole body leucine kinetics was compared in endurance-trained athletes and sedentary controls matched for age, gender, and body weight. Kinetic studies were performed during 3 h of rest, 1 h of exercise (50% maximal oxygen consumption), and 2 h of recovery. When leucine kinetics were expressed both per unit of body weight and per unit of fat-free mass, both groups demonstrated an increase in leucine oxidation during exercise ( P < 0.01). Trained athletes had a greater leucine rate of appearance during exercise and recovery compared with their sedentary counterparts ( P < 0.05) and an increased leucine oxidation at all times on the basis of body weight ( P < 0.05). However, all of these between-group differences were eliminated when leucine kinetics were corrected for fat-free tissue mass. Therefore, correction of leucine kinetics for fat-free mass may be important when cross-sectional investigations on humans are performed. Furthermore, leucine oxidation, when expressed relative to whole-body oxygen consumption during exercise, was similar between groups. It is concluded that there was no difference between endurance-trained and sedentary humans in whole body leucine kinetics during rest, exercise, or recovery when expressed per unit of fat-free tissue mass.

scholarly journals Insulin sensitizing drugs increase the endogenous dopaminergic tone in obese insulin-resistant women with polycystic ovary syndrome

2005 ◽  
Vol 184 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Ortega-González ◽  
L Cardoza ◽  
B Coutiño ◽  
R Hidalgo ◽  
G Arteaga-Troncoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Insulin Resistant

To investigate whether the long-term administration of metformin or pioglitazone to women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) could induce changes in their hypothalamic dopaminergic (DA) tone and to analyze whether these changes correlated with modifications in insulin resistance, we originally studied 57 obese hyperinsulinemic, non-diabetic, insulin resistant women with PCOS, but only 34 completed the study. They were randomly divided into two groups: group one (n=17) received pioglitazone (30 mg/day) and group 2 (n=17) received metformin (850 mg, three times a day) over 24 weeks. All women were identically studied before (basal) and 6 months after (T6) drug administration, including clinical evaluations, a 2 h oral glucose tolerance test (75 g) (OGTT) for glucose and insulin measurements, followed a week later by a 2 h intravenous metoclopramide test (10 mg bolus) for prolactin (PRL) determinations. The areas under the insulin (AUC-insulin) and PRL (AUC-PRL) curves were calculated, along with the index of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and the indexes of insulin sensitivity (QUICKI and fasting glucose–insulin ratio). At baseline, women in both groups were of similar age, body weight, body mass index (BMI) and Ferriman-Gallwey hirsutism score (F-G score). At completion of the study, body weight and BMI remained unchanged but the F-G score significantly decreased. Fasting serum insulin concentrations and the AUC-insulin significantly decreased by the end of the trial in a similar fashion in both groups, while the AUC-PRL significantly increased at the end of the trial in both groups. At no time were significant correlations between AUC-PRL and AUC-insulin or the indexes HOMA-IR, QUICKI or fasting glucose–insulin ratio observed. The present results suggests that either pioglitazone or metformin administration was associated with a clear improvement in the endogenous hypothalamic DA tone, simultaneously with an amelioration of the insulin resistance status in these obese women with PCOS.

scholarly journals Pharyngeal collapsibility during sleep is elevated in insulin-resistant females with morbid obesity

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1718-1726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar L. Llanos ◽  
Panagis Galiatsatos ◽  
Edmarie Guzmán-Vélez ◽  
Susheel P. Patil ◽  
Philip L. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽  
Tonsillar Hypertrophy ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
Bariatric Patients ◽  
Respiratory Disturbance

Insulin resistance is associated with sleep apnoea, leading us to hypothesise that it is also associated with elevations in pharyngeal collapsibility, even in the absence of sleep apnoea.90 bariatric patients were characterised for sleep apnoea, pharyngeal collapsibility and insulin resistance. Patients with a respiratory disturbance index (RDI) >10 events·h−1, diabetes mellitus, tonsillar hypertrophy and pulmonary disease were excluded. The remaining 14 females underwent collapsibility measurements (passive critical pressure, Pcritp) during non-rapid eye movement sleep. The homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index, a measure of insulin resistance, was derived from measurements of fasting glucose and insulin levels, and compared to Pcritp.Groups with high Pcritp compared to low Pcritp did not differ in age, body mass index or RDI. HOMA and insulin were elevated in the high Pcritp group compared to the low Pcritp group (p<0.02). Pcritp correlated with HOMA (Spearman's ρ=0.565, 95% CI 0.104–0.862; p=0.035) and insulin (Spearman's ρ=0.609 95% CI 0.196–0.835; p=0.021).Obese insulin-resistant subjects without frank diabetes or sleep apnoea demonstrate preclinical elevations in pharyngeal collapsibility, which may increase their susceptibility to sleep apnoea. Our findings suggest that insulin resistance could play a significant role in sleep apnoea pathogenesis by generating requisite elevations in pharyngeal collapsibility.

scholarly journals Aerobic capacity and respiratory patterns are better in recreational basketball-engaged university students than age-matched untrained males

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-120
Author(s):  
Mladen Mikić ◽  
Marko D.M. Stojanović ◽  
Aleksandra Milovančev ◽  
Tatjana Miljković ◽  
Marija Bjelobrk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
University Students ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Respiratory Parameters ◽  
Recreational Basketball

Abstract Study aim: To asses and compare the aerobic capacity and respiratory parameters in recreational basketball-engaged university students with age-matched untrained young adults. Material and methods: A total of 30 subjects were selected to took part in the study based on recreational-basketball activity level and were assigned to a basketball (BG: n = 15, age 22.86 ± 1.35 yrs., body height 185.07 ± 5.95 cm, body weight 81.21 ± 6.15 kg) and untrained group (UG: n = 15, age 22.60 ± 1.50 yrs., body height 181.53 ± 6.11 cm, body weight 76.89 ± 7.30 kg). Inspiratory vital capacity (IVC), forced expiration volume (FEV1), FEV1/IVC ratio, maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), ventilatory threshold (VO2VT) and time to exhaustion, were measured in all subjects. Student T-test for independent Sample and Cohen’s d as the measure of the effect size were calculated. Results: Recreational basketball-engaged students (EG) reached significantly greater IVC (t = 7.240, p < 0.001, d = 1.854), FEV1 (t = 10.852, p < 0.001, d = 2.834), FEV1/IVC ratio (t = 6.370, p < 0.001, d = 3.920), maximal oxygen consumption (t = 9.039, p < 0.001, d = 3.310), ventilatory threshold (t = 9.859, p < 0.001, d = 3.607) and time to exhaustion (t = 12.361, p < 0.001, d = 4.515) compared to UG. Conclusions: Long-term exposure to recreational basketball leads to adaptive changes in aerobic and respiratory parameters in male university students.

scholarly journals Clinical outcome of metformin treatment in patients of acanthosis nigricans with insulin resistance

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
Tahmina Akter ◽  
Md. Reza Bin Zaid ◽  
Zeenat Farzana Rahman ◽  
M. Abu Sayeed
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Acanthosis Nigricans ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Metformin Therapy ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
Homeostatic Model Assessment ◽  
Anatomic Locations

Background: Acanthosis nigricans (AN) is known to be associated with obesity, insulin resistance (IR) and other systemic morbid conditions. Proper treatment modalities of AN has not been established yet. Metformin may have some therapeutic effects on AN by reducing IR. Objective of the study was to examine the effect of metformin on AN in insulin resistant cases.Methodology and Results: This prospective, controlled trial was conducted in Dermatology OPD of BIRDEM General Hospital, Dhaka from September 2012 to August 2013. All the participants of the study had clinical presentation of AN on different anatomic locations such as neck, axilla, elbow, knuckle and knee and biochemical evidence of IR. Participants were of either sex with age ranging from 18 to 80 years. Any case who had contraindications to metformin therapy were excluded. Severity of AN was examined and assessed by a quantitative scale for measuring acanthosis nigricans. After detecting IR by Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), cases and controls were selected by random sampling method. Randomization was done for metformin in ratio of 2:1. Every third patient was a control. Forty study participants were assigned to receive tablet metformin 500mg thrice daily after meal for three months and twenty control participants were continued on their existing therapy. To maintain a static metabolic status, patients were allowed to remain with their previous diet and lifestyle habit. After 3 months of metformin therapy, improvement was assessed and was compared with control group.Mean age of the participants in case of male: 19.75±2.36 and in case of female: 26.58±9.38, M:F= 1:14, BMI of male: 32.15±4.15 and female: 33.18± 8.05. Mean baseline neck severity score of AN: 3.57 ± 0.78 and after metformin therapy: 2.65 ± 1.02, t-test value: 4.53. Baseline neck texture score of AN: 1.87±0.80, after metformin therapy: 1.25 ± 0.86, ttest value: 3.30. Baseline AN on axilla: 3.05 ± 0.94, after metformin therapy: 2.10 ± 0.98, ttest value: 4.56. Significant improvement of AN was observed clinically on neck and axilla (P<0.005) when compared with control. However, in case of AN on knuckle, elbow and knee, improvement rates were not statistically significant. No side-effect except nausea in 4 patients was reported during study period.Conclusion: Metformin therapy for AN with IR had a significant beneficial effect clinically and was safe and well-tolerated. The effect was more pronounced in neck and axilla.IMC J Med Sci 2016; 10(1): 18-23

scholarly journals Prevalence of prediabetes and modifiable factors in an ethnic group of Mexico: the Comcáac Project

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Daniela Robles-Ordaz ◽  
Ana Cristina Gallegos-Aguilar ◽  
Rene Urquidez-Romero ◽  
Rolando Giovanni Diaz-Zavala ◽  
Marcos Gerardo Lavandera-Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Modifiable Factors

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of and modifiable factors associated with prediabetes in the Comcáac Indians.DesignCross-sectional study where prediabetes was defined using fasting plasma glucose, 2 h plasma glucose and glycated Hb (HbA1c). Physical, anthropometric and biochemical measurements, medical record, socio-economic, dietary and physical activity information were collected. The modifiable factors associated with prediabetes were assessed using multiple logistic regression.SettingsComcáac Indian communities of Punta Chueca and El Desemboque, Sonora, Mexico.SubjectsAdults (n227) aged 20 years or older.ResultsThe sex- and age-adjusted prevalence (95 % CI) of prediabetes was 47·1 (40·8, 53·5) % in the overall population; age-adjusted prevalence was 47·3 (35·6, 59·0) % in men and 46·7 (39·1, 54·3) % in women. The modifiable factors associated with a risk of prediabetes (OR; 95 % CI) were light-intensity physical activity (per 1 h/week increase: 1·04; 1·01, 1·07) and insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance score >6·1v. <4·1: 4·62; 1·37, 15·51). Increased consumption of a traditional dietary pattern based on fish and seafood, low-fat cereals, fruits and vegetables was a protective factor (0·49; 0·31, 0·79). All variables were modelled together and adjusted for age and sex.ConclusionsThe high prediabetes prevalence found in the Comcáac community is alarming because it represents a large number of people who are at risk for type 2 diabetes. The identification of modifiable factors associated with prediabetes that are specific to this population may be useful for designing effective strategies to prevent prediabetes.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of Children and Adolescents with Metabolically Healthy Obesity: Role of Insulin Sensitivity

Life ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Vinciguerra ◽  
Andrea Tumminia ◽  
Roberto Baratta ◽  
Alfredo Ferro ◽  
Salvatore Alaimo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Metabolic Phenotype ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Insulinogenic Index ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
Metabolically Healthy

Obesity represents a major risk factor for metabolic disorders, but some individuals, “metabolically healthy” (MHO), show less clinical evidence of these complications, in contrast to “metabolically unhealthy” (MUO) individuals. The aim of this cross-sectional study is to assess the prevalence of the MHO phenotype in a cohort of 246 overweight/obese Italian children and adolescents, and to evaluate their characteristics and the role of insulin resistance. Homeostasis model assessment–insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), insulin sensitivity index (ISI), insulinogenic index (IGI) and disposition index (DI) were all calculated from the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT). MHO was defined by either: (1) HOMA-IR < 2.5 (MHO-IRes), or (2) absence of the criteria for metabolic syndrome (MHO-MetS). The MHO prevalence, according to MHO-MetS or MHO-IRes criteria, was 37.4% and 15.8%, respectively. ISI was the strongest predictor of the MHO phenotype, independently associated with both MHO-IRes and MHO-MetS. The MHO-MetS group was further subdivided into insulin sensitive or insulin resistant on the basis of HOMA-IR (either < or ≥ 2.5). Insulin sensitive MHO-MetS patients had a better metabolic profile compared to both insulin resistant MHO-MetS and MUO-MetS individuals. These data underscore the relevance of insulin sensitivity to identifying, among young individuals with overweight/obesity, the ones who have a more favorable metabolic phenotype.

scholarly journals Metabolic Profiles in Obese Children and Adolescents with Insulin Resistance

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko Kostovski ◽  
Viktor Simeonovski ◽  
Kristina Mironska ◽  
Velibor Tasic ◽  
Zoran Gucev
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
Study Results

BACKGROUND: In the past several decades, the increasing frequency of overweight and obese children and adolescents in the world has become a public health problem. It has contributed significantly to the already high tide of diabetes, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.AIM: To investigate the frequency of insulin resistance and to evaluate the metabolic profile of insulin resistant and non-insulin resistant obese children and adolescents.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The study included 96 (45 boys, 51 girls) obese children and adolescents aged     4-17 years old (10.50 ± 2.87 years). Only participants with Body Mass Index ≥ 95 percentile were included.  We analysed sera for fasting insulin levels (FI), fasting serum triglycerides (TG), total serum cholesterol (TC), fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and plasma glucose 2 hours after the performance of the oral glucose tolerance test        (2-h G). Homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index was calculated as fasting insulin concentration (microunits per millilitre) x fasting glucose concentration (millimolar)/22.5. The value of HOMA-IR above 3.16 was used as a cut-off value for both genders.RESULTS: Insulin resistance was determined in 58.33% of study participants. Insulin resistant participants had significantly higher level of 2-h G (p = 0.02), FI level (p = 0.000) as well as TG levels (p = 0.01), compared to non-insulin resistant group. Strikingly, 70.73% of the pubertal adolescents were insulin resistant in comparison to 49.09% of the preadolescents (p = 0.03). Significantly higher percentage of insulin-resistant participants were girls (p = 0.009). Moreover, a higher percentage of the girls (70.59%) than boys (44.44%) had HOMA-IR above 3.16 and had elevated FI levels (70.59% vs 48.89%). The difference in the frequency of insulin resistance among obese versus severely obese children and adolescents was not significant (p = 0.73, p > 0.05). Our study results also showed positive, but weak, correlation of HOMA-IR with age, FPG, TG and BMI of the participants (p < 0.05).CONCLUSION: Higher percentage of insulin-resistant participants was of female gender and was adolescents. In general, insulin resistant obese children and adolescents tend to have a worse metabolic profile in comparison to individuals without insulin resistance. It is of note that the highest insulin resistance was also linked with the highest concentrations of triglycerides.

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