scholarly journals Penggunaan Azotobacter dan Kompos Kulit Buah Kakao Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Efisiensi Penggunaan Nitrogen Pada Pembibitan Utama Kelapa Sawit

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Wilda Lumban Tobing ◽  
Mariani Sembiring
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Research Area ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Fruit Skin ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
The University

<p>The expansion of oil palm plantations continues to increase so that it requires quality seed. Nurseries need to be done before moving to the field. The use of Azotobacter and cocoa fruit skin compost is one way to increase the  growth and nitrogen use efficiency in oil palm in main nursery. This research was aimed to know the growth and nitrogen use efficiency of palm oil in main nursery. This research was conducted on the research area of the Agricultural Agribusiness College of Agriculture Practices (STIPAP) Medan and the Laboratory of Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian (BPTP) of North Sumatra and the Agricultural Laboratory of the University of North Sumatera from February until Juli 2013. The method used was Randomized Group Design factorial with 3 replications and followed by Duncan test at α=5%. The first factor is Azotobacter including without giving Azotobacter (A0), 20 ml/polybag (A1) and 40 ml/polybag (A2). The second factor is cocoa fruit skin compost, which consists of 3 of them, namely without compost (K0), 125 g/polybag (K1), and 250 g/polybag (K2). The research parameters were plant dry weight (g), nitrogen uptake (mg) and N use efficiency (EPN). The results showed that the use of Azotobacter and cocoa fruit skin compost were able to significantly increasing dry weight of plant and N uptake of oil palm seeds and gave the highest EPN value of 12.93.  </p>

scholarly journals N-(n-Butyl) Thiophosphoric Triamide (NBPT)-Coated Urea (NCU) Improved Maize Growth and Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE) in Highly Weathered Tropical Soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 8780
Author(s):  
Muhammad Muhaymin Mohd Zuki ◽  
Noraini Md. Jaafar ◽  
Siti Zaharah Sakimin ◽  
Mohd Khanif Yusop
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Plant Uptake ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Tropical Soil ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Weight Yield ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Use Efficiency

Nitrogen (N) fertilizer is commonly used to supply sufficient N for plant uptake, for which urea is one of the highly preferred synthetic N fertilizers due to its high N content. Unfortunately, N provided by urea is rapidly lost upon urea application to soils through ammonia volatilization, leaching, and denitrification. Thus, treatment of urea with urease inhibitor (N-(n-Butyl) Thiophosphoric Triamide (NBPT)) is among the solutions to slow down urea hydrolysis, therefore reducing loss of NH3 and saving N available for plant uptake and growth. A field study was carried out to evaluate the effects of NBPT-coated urea (NCU) at varying rates on growth, yield, and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of maize in tropical soil. The experiment was conducted at Field 15, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia, and maize (Zea mays var. Thai Super Sweet) was used as the test crop. The results showed that all maize grown in soils applied with urea coated with NBPT (NCU) (T2, T3, T4, and T5) had significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher chlorophyll content compared to the control (T0 and T1). The surface leaf area of maize grown in NCU-treated soils at 120 kg N h−1 (T3) was recorded as the highest. NCU at and 96 kg N ha−1 (T3 and T4) were relatively effective in increasing maize plant dry weight, yield, and N uptake. Improvement of NUE by 45% over urea was recorded in the treatment of NCU at 96 kg N ha−1. NBPT-coated urea (NCU) at 96 kg N ha−1 had potential to increase the growth, yield, nitrogen uptake, and NUE of maize by increasing the availability of N for plant growth and development.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Local and National Aromatic Rice Varieties in Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 79-88
Author(s):  
Chairunnisak Chairunnisak ◽  
Sugiyanta Sugiyanta ◽  
Edi Santosa
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Aromatic Rice ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
N Content ◽  
Low Input ◽  
Plot Yield ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Sampling Plot

Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is a necessitate in order to enhance sustainable rice farming in Indonesia. Thus, objective of present research was to evaluate NUE of local and national Indonesian superior aromatic rice treated with different levels of nitrogen fertilizer (N). Planting plot was arranged using five levels of N as the main plot, i.e; 0, 45, 90, 135 and 180 kg ha-1; and two rice varieties as subplot, i.e: Sigupai Abdya (local) and Inpari 23 Bantul (national). The results showed application 180 kg N ha-1 to Sigupai  Abdya significantly increased the plant height. However, it also postponed the flowering time. Inpari 23 Bantul treated with 180 kg N ha-1 produced the highest number of tillers. Combination of 90 kg N ha-1 with Sigupai Abdya variety significantly reduced the number of empty grains. Sigupai Abdya variety has a higher number of grains per panicle and sampling plot yield than Inpari 23 Bantul, and  dosage 90 kg N ha-1 increases grain yield per clump also sampling plot yield significantly. Nitrogen at 180 kg N ha-1 made Sigupai Abdya variety has high N content and absorption N in primordia phase, and the Inpari 23 Bantul variety had grain with high N content. Nitrogen at 90 kg ha-1 caused Sigupai Abdya variety at primordia phase had NUE higher than Inpari 23 Bantul. This study showed that local variety Sigupai Abdya is suitable for development as rice with low input NKeywords: Aceh aromatic, low input, nitrogen dose, N uptake, Oryza sativa L. 

A quantitative genetics approach to nitrogen use efficiency in sugarcane

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Whan ◽  
Nicole Robinson ◽  
Prakash Lakshmanan ◽  
Susanne Schmidt ◽  
Karen Aitken
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Leaf Protein ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Use Efficiency

The economic and environmental consequences of inefficient use of nitrogen (N) fertiliser in agricultural crops is of concern worldwide, so new crop varieties with improved nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) are sought. Here, we report the first study of mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) for nitrogen physiology traits in sugarcane. QTL analysis was undertaken for each parent of a segregating bi-parental sugarcane mapping population. We grew 168 progeny under limiting (0.2 mM NH4NO3) and non-limiting (5.0 mM NH4NO3) N supplies in two glasshouse experiments. Significant marker-trait associations (MTA) were detected in each treatment for shoot dry weight, root dry weight, total shoot N, shoot internal NUE (iNUE; measured as units shoot dry weight per unit N), leaf protein content and glutamine synthetase (GS) activity. MTA for GS activity did not co-locate with other traits except leaf protein content, indicating that variation in GS activity is not linked to plant size or iNUE during early growth. Under high N, there were no significant MTA for iNUE among markers from the male parent, Q165, an Australian commercial cultivar, but six MTA were found for markers inherited from the female parent, IJ76–514, a Saccharum officinarum ancestral variety. The results indicate that variation for iNUE under high N may be lower in commercial varieties than unimproved genotypes. Further, four MTA were consistent with previous field-based research on sugar and biomass production. Our study provides initial evidence that QTL may be incorporated in sugarcane breeding programs targeting improved NUE.

Nitrogen use efficiency, economic return and yield performance of Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] as influenced by nipping and fertility levels

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.K. Dhaka ◽  
Satish Kumar ◽  
Bhagat Singh ◽  
Karmal Singh ◽  
Amit Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
N Balance ◽  
Flower Initiation ◽  
Recovery Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Total N ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Use Efficiency

An experiment was conducted to study nitrogen use efficiency in pigeonpea at Research farm, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India having three nipping treatments (no nipping, nipping at just start of branching and nipping at flower initiation) and five fertility levels (control, 20 kg N + 40 kg P2O5/ha, 30 kg N + 40 kg P2O5 /ha, 40 kg N + 40 kg P2O5/ha and 20 kg N + 40 kg P2O5/ha + foliar spray of 2% N immediately after nipping) replicated thrice in split plot design during growing seasons of 2016 and 2017. Nipping at start of branching reduced the plant height, while increased primary and secondary branches, pods/plant and yield over no nipping. Significantly higher total N uptake, protein content, net return, B: C, agronomical NUE, physiologic NUE, agro-physiologic NUE, apparent recovery efficiency, utilization efficiency of N and partial N balance were improved with nipping at start of branching. Among fertility levels, 40 kg N + 40 kg P2O5 / ha recorded significantly higher yield attributes with 39.7 per cent higher seed yield over control. Significantly higher agronomic NUE, physiologic NUE, agro-physiological NUE, apparent recovery efficiency, utilization efficiency of N, partial N balance and NER were recorded with 20 kg/ha as compared to higher nitrogen doses.

scholarly journals Review of Active Optical Sensors for Improving Winter Wheat Nitrogen Use Efficiency

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1157
Author(s):  
Lawrence Aula ◽  
Peter Omara ◽  
Eva Nambi ◽  
Fikayo B. Oyebiyi ◽  
William R. Raun
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Optical Sensors ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Optical Sensor ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Management

Improvement of nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) via active optical sensors has gained attention in recent decades, with the focus of optimizing nitrogen (N) input while simultaneously sustaining crop yields. To the authors’ knowledge, a comprehensive review of the literature on how optical sensors have impacted winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) NUE and grain yield has not yet been performed. This work reviewed and documented the extent to which the use of optical sensors has impacted winter wheat NUE and yield. Two N management approaches were evaluated; optical sensor and conventional methods. The study included 26 peer-reviewed articles with data on NUE and grain yield. In articles without NUE values but in which grain N was included, the difference method was employed to compute NUE based on grain N uptake. Using optical sensors resulted in an average NUE of 42% (±2.8% standard error). This approach improved NUE by approximately 10.4% (±2.3%) when compared to the conventional method. Grain yield was similar for both approaches of N management. Optical sensors could save as much as 53 (±16) kg N ha−1. This gain alone may not be adequate for increased adoption, and further refinement of the optical sensor robustness, possibly by including weather variables alongside sound agronomic management practices, may be necessary.

scholarly journals Assessing Wheat Response to N Fertilization in a Wheat–Maize–Soybean Long-Term Rotation through NUE Measurements

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 941
Author(s):  
Roxana Vidican ◽  
Anamaria Mălinaș ◽  
Ioan Rotar ◽  
Rozalia Kadar ◽  
Valeria Deac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Use Efficiency

Nitrogen fertilization is indispensable in increasing wheat crop productivity but, in order to achieve maximum profitable production and minimum negative environmental impact, improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) should be considered. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in a long-term wheat–maize–soybean rotation system with the final purpose of increasing the overall performance of the wheat cropping system. Research was undertaken at the Agricultural Research Development Station Turda (ARDS Turda), located in Western Transylvania Plain, Romania. The experimental field was carried out at a fixed place during seven wheat vegetation seasons. The plant material consisted of a wheat variety created by the ARDS Turda (Andrada), one variety of maize (Turda 332) and one variety of soybean (Felix). The experiment covered two planting patterns: wheat after maize and wheat after soybean and five levels of nitrogen fertilization (control-unfertilized, fertilization with 0—control plot, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg N ha−1 y−1). The following indices were assessed: NUE (nitrogen use efficiency), N uptake and PFP (partial factor productivity). The results of the present study suggest that reduced N-fertilization doses could improve N uptake and utilization for both planting patterns.

scholarly journals Effect of Nitrogen Nutritional Statuses and Waterlogging Conditions on Growth Parameters, Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Chlorophyll Fluorescence in Tamarillo Seedlings

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hermann RESTREPO-DIAZ ◽  
Jorge BETANCOURT-OSORIO ◽  
Diego SANCHEZ-CANRO
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Use Efficiency

Climate change has altered rainfall patterns causing waterlogging periods that often negatively affect the performance of horticultural crops in the Andean region in Colombia. An experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions using three-month-old tamarillo (Solanum betaceum Cav.) seedlings, which were grown under two levels of nitrogen (N) (10 and 150 mg N∙L H2O). At 28 days after transplanting (DAT), waterlogging treatments were established when well-nourished plants (150 mg N L-1 H2O) significantly showed a higher shoot length than poor-nourished plants (10 mg N L-1 H2O) (~20 cm vs. ~10 cm, respectively). Three different periods of waterlogging were performed between 35 and 37, 51 and 55, and 64 and 70 DAT by covering the holes in the plastic pots to ensure a constant water depth. Results showed that well-nourished plants without waterlogging treatments through the experiment’s stress showed a greater shoot length (30 cm), total plant dry weight (7.95 g), Fv/Fm ratio (0.62) and leaf chlorophyll content (37.51 SPAD units) than poor-nourished plants without stress condition (15 cm, 5.57 g, 0.5 and 12.69 SPAD units, respectively) at the end of the experiment. Overall, waterlogging reduced leaf area and nitrogen use efficiency (about 75% and 50%, respectively) in both N levels. However, periods of waterlogging enhanced dry matter partitioning to stems (around 30-35%) in both N levels. This study showed that tamarillo plants are susceptible to landscaping situations where periods of waterlogging can be expected regardless of their N nutritional status.

Productivity and nitrogen use efficiency parameters in cotton cultivars with varying N levels and soil types under rainfed conditions

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Venugopalan ◽  
K. Hebbar ◽  
P. Tiwary ◽  
S. Chatterji ◽  
V. Ramamurthy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Uptake Efficiency ◽  
N Uptake Efficiency ◽  
N Utilization ◽  
Rainfed Conditions ◽  
Use Efficiency

A field experiment was conducted under rainfed conditions, on a shallow soil (Inceptisol) underlain with weathered basalt and on a deep soil (Vertisol) to evaluate three cotton cultivars [AKH 4 ( Gossypium arboreum ), LRK 516 ( G. hirsutum ) and NHH 44 (intra- hirsutum hybrid)] under four levels of N (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg ha −1 ) and to analyse the variations in productivity using the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) parameter. The yield of AKH4 and NHH 44 was 101 and 89% higher than that of LRK 516. The yield and the response to N were higher on the Inceptisol. The enhanced yield and NUE of AKH 4 and NHH 44 were attributed to the improved efficiency of N uptake utilization. NUE declined from 21.6 at 40 kg ha −1 to 7.7 at 120 kg N ha −1 . The N uptake efficiency and N utilization efficiency were independent of each other, but complemented each other in improving NUE. The implications of variations in NUE, N uptake efficiency and N utilization efficiency and their components, N biomass production efficiency and HI, in cotton breeding and agronomy are also discussed.

Selection for nitrogen use efficiency and N concentration in timothy

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 611-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Michaud ◽  
G. Bélanger ◽  
A. Brégard ◽  
J. Surprenant
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Phleum Pratense L ◽  
N Use

Improvement of N use efficiency of timothy (Phleum pratense L.) involves higher DM yield but, for feeding purposes, N concentration should also be considered. Differences in N use efficiency were found among 40 genotypes of timothy. The analysis of residues of the linear regression between N uptake and DM yield of all genotypes allowed for the selection of genotypes with both high N use efficiency and contrasted N concentrations. Key words: Phleum pratense L., timothy, genetic selection, nitrogen use efficiency

RELATIVE PERFORMANCE OF BORON, SULPHUR AND ZINC COATINGS ONTO PRILLED UREA FOR INCREASING PRODUCTIVITY AND NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY IN MAIZE

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 577-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
VIJAY POONIYA ◽  
YASHBIR SINGH SHIVAY ◽  
MADAN PAL ◽  
RADHIKA BANSAL
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Total N ◽  
Prilled Urea ◽  
Zn Uptake ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Use Efficiency

SUMMARYDeficiencies of micro (Zn, B) and secondary (S) nutrients are well-documented in soil as well as in cereal crops, leading to decreased crop yields and low nutritional quality of food. We evaluated the effects of coated urea on maize yield, N and Zn uptake, and input cost relationships. Field experiments were conducted on maize to test boron-coated (BCU), sulphur-coated (SCU) and zinc-coated urea (ZnCU) during 2013 and 2014. On the basis of 2 years’ average data, the highest grain yield was achieved with 0.5% BCU, 5% SCU and 2.5% ZnCU as zinc sulphate hepta hydrate. These treatments increased yields by 5.4, 12.8 and 9.9% over prilled urea (PU), respectively. Application of 0.5% BCU (supplying 1.4 kg B ha−1), 5% SCU (supplying 14.1 kg S ha−1) and 2.5% ZnCU (supplying 7.05 kg Zn ha−1) registered the highest N concentrations and uptake in grain and stover. Total N uptake (grain + stover) was increased by 7.6, 16.7 and 17.1% with BCU, SCU and ZnCU treatments over PU. As compared to PU, Zn concentration in maize grain was significantly higher and total Zn uptake (grain + stover) increased by 32.4% with 2.5% ZnCU. Coated urea materials also enhanced the partial factor productivity (PFPN), agronomic efficiency (AEN), recovery efficiency (REN) and harvest index (HIN) over those of PU. From the economic viewpoint this study suggests that coating of urea with 0.3% boron, 5% sulphur or 2% zinc gives maximum net returns and benefit-cost ratio. Our data indicate that coating of B, Zn and S onto urea increases maize yield, profitability and nitrogen use efficiency in the western Indo-Gangetic plains of India.

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