scholarly journals Metabolit sekunder dari Muntingia calabura dan bioaktivitasnya

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Devi Anggraini Putri ◽  
Sri Fatmawati
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Chemical Constituent ◽  
Good Source ◽  
Pharmacological Aspect ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Muntingia Calabura

<p class="Katakunci"><em>Muntingia calabura</em> (<em>Muntingiaceae</em>) merupakan <em>Jamaican cherry</em> yang dikenal di Indonesia sebagai Kersen atau Talok. Metabolit sekunder sebagai konstituen kimia telah diisolasi dari daun, batang dan akar <em>M. calabura</em>. Flavonoid merupakan konstituen utama penyusun metabolit sekunder dari tanaman ini. Kelompok flavonoid telah dilaporkan memiliki efek farmakologi yang baik. Beberapa literatur melaporkan bioaktivitas <em>M. calabura</em> sebagai antioksidan, antidiabetes, antimikroba, antikanker, anti-inflamasi dan lain-lain. Review ini bertujuan memberikan fakta ilmiah terkait sinergitas metabolit sekunder dan bioaktivitas <em>M. calabura</em> yang diperlukan untuk penelitian kimia bahan alam lebih lanjut.</p><p><strong>The<em> </em></strong><strong>secondary metabolites </strong><strong>of</strong><strong> <em>Muntingia </em></strong><strong><em>c</em></strong><strong><em>alabura</em></strong><strong> and </strong><strong>its </strong><strong>bioactivity</strong><strong>.</strong><strong> </strong><em>Muntingia calabura</em> (<em>Mutingiaceae</em>) was recognized as <em>Jamaican</em> cherry called as <em>K</em><em>ersen</em> or <em>T</em><em>alok</em> in Indonesia. The chemical constituents have been isolated from leave, stem and root of <em>M. calabura</em>. The main chemical constituent of the secondary metabolite is flavonoid. The flavonoid group has been reported as a good source in pharmacological aspect. Most of literatures reported that <em>M. calabura</em> has a good bioactivity as an antioxidant, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and others. This review aims to provide the scientific evidences related to the synergism of secondary metabolites and the bioactivities of <em>M. calabura </em>for further research on natural products.</p>

scholarly journals Plant Natural Products for the Control of Aedes aegypti: The Main Vector of Important Arboviruses

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (15) ◽  
pp. 3484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maíra Rosato Silveiral Silvério ◽  
Laila Salmen Espindola ◽  
Norberto Peporine Lopes ◽  
Paulo Cézar Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Vector Control ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Control Applications ◽  
Lower Toxicity ◽  
Plant Natural Products

The mosquito species Aedes aegypti is one of the main vectors of arboviruses, including dengue, Zika and chikungunya. Considering the deficiency or absence of vaccines to prevent these diseases, vector control remains an important strategy. The use of plant natural product-based insecticides constitutes an alternative to chemical insecticides as they are degraded more easily and are less harmful to the environment, not to mention their lower toxicity to non-target insects. This review details plant species and their secondary metabolites that have demonstrated insecticidal properties (ovicidal, larvicidal, pupicidal, adulticidal, repellent and ovipositional effects) against the mosquito, together with their mechanisms of action. In particular, essential oils and some of their chemical constituents such as terpenoids and phenylpropanoids offer distinct advantages. Thiophenes, amides and alkaloids also possess high larvicidal and adulticidal activities, adding to the wealth of plant natural products with potential in vector control applications.

scholarly journals A Review of Anti-Inflammatory Compounds from Marine Fungi, 2000–2018

Marine Drugs ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianzhou Xu ◽  
Mengqi Yi ◽  
Lijian Ding ◽  
Shan He
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Host Response ◽  
Marine Fungi ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Fungal Metabolites ◽  
Bioactive Natural Products ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Unique Mechanism ◽  
Inflammatory Action

Inflammation is a generalized, nonspecific, and beneficial host response of foreign challenge or tissue injury. However, prolonged inflammation is undesirable. It will cause loss function of involve organs, such as heat, pain redness, and swelling. Marine natural products have gained more and more attention due to their unique mechanism of anti-inflammatory action, and have considered a hotspot for anti-inflammatory drug development. Marine-derived fungi are promising sources of structurally unprecedented bioactive natural products. So far, a plethora of new secondary metabolites with anti-inflammatory activities from marine-derived fungi had been widely reported. This review covers 133 fungal metabolites described in the period of 2000 to 2018, including the structures and origins of these secondary metabolites.

scholarly journals Effect Type of Solvent for Extraction Binahong Leaves (Anrederacordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) on Saponin Levels by Gravimetric Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S7) ◽  
pp. 298-299
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Plant Constituents ◽  
Medicinal Properties

Secondary metabolites, also known as phytochemicals, natural products or plant constituents are responsible for medicinal properties of plants. The Secondary metabolite compounds contained in binahong leaves were steroids, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, polyphenols and tannins. The purpose of this research was for determine the content of saponin compounds in binahong leaves extract by gravimetric method with differents type of solvent. Binahong leaves made into simplicia and extracted using 3 types of solvents: 70% ethanol, 95% ethanol and methanol. The extraction was performed in reflux. The extract fractionated with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol solvent, respectively. The levels of saponin in fraction n-butanol determined by gravimetric methods. The results showed that the type of solvent had an effect on the levels of isolated saponins. The methanol solvent produced the highest saponins in 54.30%, 95% ethanol in 35.84% and 70% ethanol in 25.91%, respectively.

scholarly journals Understanding the evolutionary origins of bacterial natural products with immunosuppressant properties

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenfa Ng
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Biosynthetic Gene ◽  
Biosynthetic Gene Clusters ◽  
Drug Candidates

Actinobacteria and streptomyces are known to produce a variety of natural products, some of which confer antibiotic or immunosuppressive activities. While it is understandable that microbes develop the ability to synthesize molecules such as antibiotics that attack other competing microbes, but why would a secondary metabolite (natural product) synthesized by a microbe confer immunosuppressive activities? Was the capability to synthesize such a molecule endowed by evolution in the context of enabling microbes to develop resistance to immune cells of the human body? Or did the capability come from the need to colonize human body surfaces or gut to gain a survival niche for the microbe? Given that actinobacteria and streptomyces are soil microbes not usually associated with human body surfaces, could their biosynthetic capability for particular immunosuppressants arise from horizontal gene transfer from bacteria that colonize human body surfaces and subsequently develop the ability to synthesize the pertinent compounds through evolution? An alternate line of thinking on this issue touches on the possibility that microbes could encounter analogs of immuno-active molecules in their natural environment. Such molecules might elicit undesired physiological effects on the microbes, which place a selection pressure on microbes to develop countermeasures to the immuno-active molecules through mutations. Hence, through evolution, microbes could have developed the capability to synthesize secondary metabolites able to bind analogs of immuno-active molecules and help sequester them or quench their bioactivity. Subsequent profiling of such secondary metabolites in drug discovery efforts could have uncovered compounds with immunosuppressant activity which are originally developed for counteracting analogs of immuno-active molecules in the environment. It has to be recognized that analogs of immuno-active compounds remain somewhat dissimilar to immune compounds secreted by human immune cells, but they likely share common motifs for protein-secondary metabolite interactions. Direct evidence of the evolution of natural products with immunosuppressant activities could only be obtained from challenging suitable bacterial species with immuno-active molecules. Long cultivation experiments with multiple generations may result in the evolution of biosynthetic gene clusters for the synthesis of natural products able to sequester or quench immuno-active molecules. But, on the another hand, understanding relative binding affinities between a library of natural products and immuno-active molecules from humans would suggest drug candidates and their biosynthetic gene clusters. Subsequent phylogenetic analysis of cluster genes with their homologs from other species may yield insights into the evolution of genes and their putative function.

Origins, Structures, and Bioactivities of Secondary Metabolites from Marine-derived Penicillium Fungi

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiliang Yang ◽  
Jinping Liu ◽  
Jiahui Mei ◽  
Rui Jiang ◽  
Shizheng Tu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Drug Development ◽  
Valuable Source ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
New Drug ◽  
Bioactive Properties ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
New Drug Development ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

: In recent years, marine-derived Penicillium fungi have received remarkable interest as a valuable source of novel natural products encompassing diverse chemical structures and bioactive properties. Mangroves, sediments, algae, and sponges are the four main sources of marine-derived Penicillium fungi. As of 2014, more than 390 novel natural products have been isolated from the marine-derived Penicillium fungi, mainly including polyketides, alkaloids, terpenoids, and macrolides. Biological investigations have shown that these compounds possess antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, and other activities with potential applications in new drug development. To provide an updated catalog of this field, our mini-review summarized the origins, structures, and bioactivities of 188 secondary metabolites from marine-derived Penicillium fungi based on bioactivities classification published from 2015 to 2020.

Chemical Constituents and Bioactivity of Chloranthus Multistachys

2011 ◽  
Vol 343-344 ◽  
pp. 1189-1192
Author(s):  
Yong Ming Luo ◽  
Xiao Yin Yin ◽  
Ming Yong Xie
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Sesquiterpene Lactones ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

From Chloranthus multistachys, three sesquiterpene lactones, multislactone (1), codonolactone(2), lasianthuslactone A(3), and three diterpenes, 12R,15- dihydroxylabda-8(17), 13E- dien-19-oic acid(4), 12(S),15- dihydroxy labda-8(17), 13E-dien- 19-oic acid(5), 12-oxo-15- hydroxylabda-8(17), 13E-dien-19-oic acid(6) were isolated. The structures of the isolated compounds were established by means of NMR and MS analyses. Compound 1~6 were firstly isolated from this plant. Compound 1 is new natural products. Among them , compound 1 and 6 show anti- inflammatory activities.

scholarly journals Mulinane- and Azorellane-Type Diterpenoids: A Systematic Review of Their Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Pharmacology

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angel de Jesús Dzul-Beh ◽  
Andrés Humberto Uc-Cachón ◽  
Jorge Bórquez ◽  
Luis A. Loyola ◽  
Luis Manuel Peña-Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Mulinane- and azorellane-type diterpenoids have unique tricyclic fused five-, six-, and seven-membered systems and a wide range of biological properties, including antimicrobial, antiprotozoal, spermicidal, gastroprotective, and anti-inflammatory, among others. These secondary metabolites are exclusive constituents of medicinal plants belonging to the Azorella, Laretia, and Mulinum genera. In the last 30 years, more than 95 mulinanes and azorellanes have been reported, 49 of them being natural products, 4 synthetics, and the rest semisynthetic and biotransformed derivatives. This systematic review highlights the biosynthetic origin, the chemistry, and the pharmacological activities of this remarkably interesting group of diterpenoids.

scholarly journals Supercritical Fluid Extraction Enhances Discovery of Secondary Metabolites from Myxobacteria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chantal Bader ◽  
Markus Neuber ◽  
Fabian Panter ◽  
Daniel Krug ◽  
Rolf Müller
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Supercritical Fluid Extraction ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Supercritical Fluid ◽  
Extraction Efficiency ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Fluid Extraction ◽  
Microbial Natural Products ◽  
The Impact

Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) is widely used for the isolation of natural products from plants, but its application in efforts to identify structurally and physicochemically often dissimilar microbial natural products is limited to date. In this study we evaluated the impact of SFE on the extractability of myxobacterial secondary metabolites aiming to improve the prospects of discovering novel natural products. We investigated the influence of different co-solvents on the extraction efficiency of secondary metabolites from three myxobacterial strains as well as the antimicrobial activity profiles of the corresponding extracts. For each known secondary metabolite we found extraction conditions using SFE leading to superior yields in the extracts compared to conventional solvent extraction. Compounds with a logP higher than 3 showed best extraction efficiency using 20% EtOAc as a co-solvent, whereas compounds with logP values lower than 3 were better extractable using more polar co-solvents like MeOH. Extracts generated with SFE showed increased antimicrobial activities including the presence of activities not explained by known myxobacterial secondary metabolites, highlighting the advantage of SFE for bioactivity-guided isolation. Moreover, non-targeted metabolomics analysis revealed a group of chlorinated metabolites produced by the well-studied model myxobacterium Myxococcus xanthus DK1622 which were not accessible previously due to their low concentration in conventional extracts. The enriched SF extracts were used for isolation and subsequent structure elucidation of chloroxanthic acid A as founding member of a novel secondary metabolite family. Our findings encourage the increased utilization of SFE as part of future microbial natural products screening workflows.

scholarly journals Identification of Active Compounds on Muntingia calabura L.Leaves using Different Polarity Solvents

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Sri Adelila Sari ◽  
Mellya Ernita ◽  
M Nasir Mara ◽  
Muhammad Rudi AR
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Polar Solvents ◽  
The Public ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Selection Stage ◽  
Ethanol Series ◽  
Muntingia Calabura

Plant of Muntingia calabura L are often known as “kersen”, "seri or "cherry". Leaves of Muntingia calabura L. contains many benefits but its properties are still little known to the public. It contains secondary metabolites which have many uses. This study was aimed to determine the content of secondary metabolites in this leaf. Leaves extracts were obtained by maceration extraction for 3 times 24 hours using polar, semi-polar and non-polar solvents to determine the solubility of secondary metabolite compounds in each solvent. The solvents used were ethanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane. The leaveswere dissolved a lot in polar solvents, marked by the formation of a dark green color in ethanol-series extracts, the color fades more in semi-polar and non-polar solvents. The three leaves extracts were tested for secondary metabolite contents by phytochemical screening tests. Phytochemical screening was an initial selection stage to detect classes of chemical compounds contained in plant. Phytochemical screening were included alkaloid, terpenoid, steroid, tannin, flavonoidand saponin tests. Based on the results of phytochemical screening tests, the leaf was contained several secondary metabolite compounds, namely flavonoids, saponins, steroids, terpenoids, alkaloids, phenols and tannins.

scholarly journals Understanding the evolutionary origins of bacterial natural products with immunosuppressant properties

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenfa Ng
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Biosynthetic Gene ◽  
Biosynthetic Gene Clusters ◽  
Drug Candidates

Actinobacteria and streptomyces are known to produce a variety of natural products, some of which confer antibiotic or immunosuppressive activities. While it is understandable that microbes develop the ability to synthesize molecules such as antibiotics that attack other competing microbes, but why would a secondary metabolite (natural product) synthesized by a microbe confer immunosuppressive activities? Was the capability to synthesize such a molecule endowed by evolution in the context of enabling microbes to develop resistance to immune cells of the human body? Or did the capability come from the need to colonize human body surfaces or gut to gain a survival niche for the microbe? Given that actinobacteria and streptomyces are soil microbes not usually associated with human body surfaces, could their biosynthetic capability for particular immunosuppressants arise from horizontal gene transfer from bacteria that colonize human body surfaces and subsequently develop the ability to synthesize the pertinent compounds through evolution? An alternate line of thinking on this issue touches on the possibility that microbes could encounter analogs of immuno-active molecules in their natural environment. Such molecules might elicit undesired physiological effects on the microbes, which place a selection pressure on microbes to develop countermeasures to the immuno-active molecules through mutations. Hence, through evolution, microbes could have developed the capability to synthesize secondary metabolites able to bind analogs of immuno-active molecules and help sequester them or quench their bioactivity. Subsequent profiling of such secondary metabolites in drug discovery efforts could have uncovered compounds with immunosuppressant activity which are originally developed for counteracting analogs of immuno-active molecules in the environment. It has to be recognized that analogs of immuno-active compounds remain somewhat dissimilar to immune compounds secreted by human immune cells, but they likely share common motifs for protein-secondary metabolite interactions. Direct evidence of the evolution of natural products with immunosuppressant activities could only be obtained from challenging suitable bacterial species with immuno-active molecules. Long cultivation experiments with multiple generations may result in the evolution of biosynthetic gene clusters for the synthesis of natural products able to sequester or quench immuno-active molecules. But, on the another hand, understanding relative binding affinities between a library of natural products and immuno-active molecules from humans would suggest drug candidates and their biosynthetic gene clusters. Subsequent phylogenetic analysis of cluster genes with their homologs from other species may yield insights into the evolution of genes and their putative function.

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