scholarly journals HUMOR DAN KOMEDI DALAM SEBUAH KILAS BALIK SEJARAH

Jurnal CMES ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 199
Author(s):  
Muhammad Yunus Anis
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Arabic Literature ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
Islamic Period ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Romantic Novel ◽  
History Of ◽  
Shadow Play ◽  
Medieval Arabic Literature

This paper describes the brief history of Humour in Arabs from (1) the earlier preIslamic period, (2) the Islamic period, (3) the medieval Arabic Literature (Abbasid), and (4) Mamaluke, Fatimid, Ayyubid, and Ottoman periods. This paper will try to show that<br />Arabic literature is rife with the unique taste of Arabs in humour and comedy. Finally, the result of data analysis shows that humour in the earlier pre-Islamic period and the Islamic period is used dominantly at satirical poem which is called hija‟. But in the medieval period until Ottoman period, Arabic humour and comedy has been spreading to the modern prose, shuch as romantic novel, elegant style of fable, public theater – shadow play and some of elegiac short stories.

scholarly journals مكانة المرأة وإسهاماتها في الأدب العربي القديم / The position and contribution of women in Classical Arabic Literature

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
نصرالدين إبراهيم أحمد (Nasr El-din Ibrahim Ahmed Hussein)
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Golden Age ◽  
Arabic Literature ◽  
Islamic Period ◽  
Literature And Society ◽  
Cultural Exposure ◽  
Islamic Empire ◽  
History Of ◽  
Classical Arabic

ملخص البحث:   يتناول البحث مسيرة المرأة، ومكانتها ودورها عبر العصور القديمة، بدءاً من العصر الجاهلي، ومروراً بالعصر الإسلامي والأموي، وانتهاء بالعصر العباسي؛ حيث أدّت المرأة دوراً مرموقاً ومشهوداً لها منذ فجر بزوغ تاريخ الأمة العربيّة، وهذا الدور سطّرته صفحات التاريخ البيضاء شعراً ونثراً؛ فالمرأة وقفت جنباً إلى جنب الرجل مشاركة إياه بكل فعالية في بناء الحضارة العربيّة العريقة، وقد شهد لها الكثير من الباحثين والمؤلفين والكتّاب بتفوقها في هذا المجال الحيوي، ويكون من الإجحاف، ونكران الجميل أن نتناساها ونطوي صفحاتها طي السجل. برزت المرأة  في العصر الجاهلي في أشعار الشعراء؛ حيث وُضعت في مكانة لائقة بها، وكان دورها واضحاً في الجانب الاجتماعي في إصلاح المجتمع، وأدّت دوراً بارزاً بوصفها أديبة وشاعرة، وناقدة، و"الخنساء" مثالاً، كذلك "أم جندب" وحكومتها بين زوجها امرئ القيس وعلقمة الفحل، وأخريات كان لهن شأن عظيم. وإذا انتقلنا إلى العصر الإسلامي، سنجد أن الإسلام مهّد للمرأة بأن تتبوأ مكانة عالية ورفيعة، وكانت زوجات الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم، والصحابيات خير مثال للاستشهاد بهن، وبدورهن في إصلاح المجتمع والذود عن الدولة الإسلاميّة في ذلك الوقت. وجاء العصر الأموي ولقيت المرأة مكانة مرموقة، انعكست فيها نشاطاتها الأدبيّة والفنّية؛ أما العصر العباسي أو ما يسمى بالعصر الذهبي، فقد كان عصر الانفتاح الثقافي للمرأة؛ حيث شاركت المرأة في جوانب شتى ومتعددة في خدمة الأدب والمجتمع، والحضارة العباسيّة العريقة. إن مكانة المرأة في تلك المجتمعات، وفي تلك العصور القديمة من تاريخ الأدب العربي كانت مشرّفة ومنيرة وبهية، وجديرة أن تعاد صياغتها بشكل يليق بها وبمكانتها لتحتل مكانة الصدارة في تاريخ الأمة العربيّة. الكلمات المفتاحية: الدور المعرفي- الشعر- الخطابة- الوصايا- النقد. Abstract: The study highlights the role of women in different eras beginning from the pre-Islamic period until the golden age of the Abbasids. It is observed that women did play a significant role since the early Arab history. It is a well-documented achievement both in poems and prose. They were active beside men in crafting the direction of the Arab civilization. Evidence was abundant as found in the works of many scholars and researchers. Any attempt to brush aside their efforts would not do justice to these achievements. In the pre-Islamic period there were al-Khansa’ and Ummu Jundub who was famous of her judgment between her husband Umru al-Qais and the famous ‘Alqamah. Others beside them were also contributing significantly. In the Islamic period, the religion had paved the way for them to contribute greatly. The wives of the Prophet Pbuh and his companions were examples to the reforming roles that they played in the society and the Islamic Empire. In the Umayyad period, they continued to be active in activities related to literature and arts. As for the Abbasid era, due to the cultural exposure of that period, women continued to contribute to the progress of literature and society. In conclusion, women were evidently active and progressive in the history of Arabic literature. They contribution is worthy of being highlighted and accorded a significant status in the history of the Arabs.   Keywords: The role of knowledge – poems – sermons – critic.   Abstrak: Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menonjolkan peranan wanita pada era-era berlainan mulai dari zaman Jahiliah sehingga zaman keemasan Abbasiah. Sememangnya wanita dapat dilihat memainkan peranan penting sejak permulaan sejrah kesusasteraan Arab. Ia satu pencapaian yang didokumenkan dengan baik untuk kedua-dua genre iaitu sajak dan prosa. Mereka aktif bergandingan dengan lelaki dalam rah tuju tamadun Arab. Buktinya amat banyak seperti yang ditemui dalam kajian-kajian beberapa sarjana dan penyelidik. Sebarang percubaan menidakkan usaha-usaha mereka tidak akan berlaku adil terhadap pencapaian-pencapaian mereka ini. Di zaman  erdapat tokoh-tokoh ulung sepertial-Khansa' dan Ummu Jundub yang terkenal sewaktu memberikan kritik beliau antara syair suaminya Umru al-Qais dan penyair tersohor 'Alqamah. Wanita-wanita lain di samping mereka turut menyumbang secara aktif. Di zaman Islam, kewajaran perjuangan agama telah membuka jalan untuk mereka  engan lebih menonjol. Isteri Nabi SAW dan para sahabat dalam kalangan wanita menyumbang dalam memainkan peranan-peranan membangunkan masyarakat dan juga Empayar Islam. Di zaman Umawiah, mereka meneruskan peranan tersebut dengan aktif dalam kegiatan berkaitan dengan kesusasteraan dan kesenian. Di zaman Abbasiah pula, disebabkan keterbukaan budaya di zaman itu, kaum wanita meneruskan sumbang mereka kepada pembangynan kesusasteraan dan kemasyarakatan. Kesimpulannya, wanita nyata bergerak aktif dan progresif dalam sejarah perkembangan kesusasteraan Arab. Sesungguhnya sumbangan ini wajar mendapat perhatian demi untuk memberikan satu pengiktirafan terhadap peranan yang dimainkan mereka dalam sejarah perkembangan kesusasteraan Arab.  Kata kunci: peranan dalam memajukan kesusasteraan - sajak - ucapan –nasihat - pengkritik.  

History of the Study of Apocrypha in Early Medieval England

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 13-26
Author(s):  
Brandon W. Hawk
Keyword(s):  
Old Testament ◽  
Medieval England ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Early Judaism ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Early English

Literature written in England between about 500 and 1100 CE attests to a wide range of traditions, although it is clear that Christian sources were the most influential. Biblical apocrypha feature prominently across this corpus of literature, as early English authors clearly relied on a range of extra-biblical texts and traditions related to works under the umbrella of what have been called “Old Testament Pseudepigrapha” and “New Testament/Christian Apocrypha." While scholars of pseudepigrapha and apocrypha have long trained their eyes upon literature from the first few centuries of early Judaism and early Christianity, the medieval period has much to offer. This article presents a survey of significant developments and key threads in the history of scholarship on apocrypha in early medieval England. My purpose is not to offer a comprehensive bibliography, but to highlight major studies that have focused on the transmission of specific apocrypha, contributed to knowledge about medieval uses of apocrypha, and shaped the field from the nineteenth century up to the present. Bringing together major publications on the subject presents a striking picture of the state of the field as well as future directions.

Five Centuries of Spanish Literature: From the Cid Through the Golden Age. An Anthology Selected and Edited for Students of Spanish by Linton Lomas Barrett. New York — Toronto, Dodd, Mead & Company, 1962; An Outline History of Spanish American Literature, Third Edition, Englekirk, Leonard, Reid and Crow. New York, Appleton-Century- Crofts, 1965; Lecturas Intermedias: Prosas Y Poesias, Anderson, Davison, Smith. New York, Harper & Row, 1965; Los Duendes Deterministas Y Otors Cuentos, Enrique Anderson Imbert, Edited by John Y. Falconieri. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, Prentice-Hall, 1965; Hoy Es Fiesta, Antonio Buero Vallejo. Edited by J. E. Lyon, With Vocabulary by K. S. B. Croft. London, George G. Harrap (Toronto, Clarke, Irwin), 1964; Voces Españolas de Hoy, Edited by Duran and Alvarez. New York, Harcourt, Brace & World (Toronto, Longmans Canada), 1965; Selecciones (Textes Espagnols À L’usage Des Canadiens-Français; Spanish Readings for English-Canadian Students), S. Fielden-Briggs. Montreal, Beauchemin, 1965; Cuentos Americanos de Nuestros Dias: Ten Spanish American Short Stories, Edited by Jean Franco. London, Harrap (Toronto, Clarke, Irwin), 1965; La España Moderna Vista Y Sentida Por Los Españoles, Edited by Thomas R. Hart and Oarlos Rojas. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, Prentice-Hall, 1966; Don Brazazo de La Carretera: An Elementary Spanish Reader, Richard Musman. London, G. Bell and Sons (Toronto, Clarke, Irwin), 1964; Ortega Y Gasset: Sus Mejores Paginas, Edited by Manuel Durán. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, Prentice-Hall, 1966; de Cela a Castillo-Navarro: Veinte Años de Prosa Española Contemporanea, Edited by Carlos Rojas. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, Prentice-Hall, 1965; Palabras Modernas, J. R. Jump. London, George G. Harrap (Toronto, Clarke, Irwin), 1965;Five Centuries of Spanish Literature : From the Cid Through the Golden Age. An Anthology Selected and Edited for Students of Spanish by Linton Lomas Barrett. New York — Toronto, Dodd, Mead & Company, 1962. Pp. x, 352.An Outline History of Spanish American Literature, Third Edition, Englekirk, Leonard, Reid and Crow. New York, Appleton-Century- Crofts, 1965. Pp. xiii, 252. $2.95.Lecturas Intermedias: Prosas y Poesias, Anderson, Davison, Smith. New York, Harper & Row, 1965. Pp. x, 333. (Plus Instructor’s Manual, 75 pages.)Los Duendes Deterministas y Otors Cuentos, Enrique Anderson Imbert, Edited by John Y. Falconieri. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, Prentice-Hall, 1965, Pp. ix, 192. $3.75.Hoy Es Fiesta, Antonio Buero Vallejo. Edited by J. E. Lyon, with vocabulary by K. S. B. Croft. London, George G. Harrap (Toronto, Clarke, Irwin), 1964, Pp. 192. $2.25.Voces Españolas de Hoy, edited by Duran and Alvarez. New York, Harcourt, Brace & World (Toronto, Longmans Canada), 1965. Pp. vili, 216. $3.25.Selecciones (textes espagnols à l’usage des canadiens-français; Spanish readings for English-Canadian Students), S. Fielden-Briggs. Montreal, Beauchemin, 1965. Pp. 149.Cuentos Americanos de Nuestros Dias: Ten Spanish American Short Stories, edited by Jean Franco. London, Harrap (Toronto, Clarke, Irwin), 1965. Pp. 179. $2.55.La España Moderna Vista y Sentida por Los Españoles, edited by Thomas R. Hart and Oarlos Rojas. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, Prentice-Hall, 1966. Pp. xiii, 341. $5.95.Don Brazazo de la Carretera: An Elementary Spanish Reader, Richard Musman. London, G. Bell and Sons (Toronto, Clarke, Irwin), 1964. Pp. 96. $0.95.Ortega y Gasset: SUS Mejores Paginas, edited by Manuel Durán. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, Prentice-Hall, 1966. Pp. vi, 250. $3.95.De Cela a Castillo-Navarro: Veinte Años de Prosa Española Contemporanea, edited by Carlos Rojas. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, Prentice-Hall, 1965. Pp. ix, 213. $2.95.Palabras Modernas, J. R. Jump. London, George G. Harrap (Toronto, Clarke, Irwin), 1965. Pp. 85. $1.10.

1966 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 63-66
Author(s):  
J. H. P.
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Short Stories ◽  
New Jersey ◽  
American Literature ◽  
Spanish Literature ◽  
Spanish American ◽  
Antonio Buero Vallejo ◽  
History Of ◽  
Carlos Rojas ◽  
English Canadian

A Study in the History of Clare, Suffolk; with Special Reference to its Development as a Borough (Alexander Prize Essay, 1928)

1928 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 83-115
Author(s):  
Gladys A. Thornton
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Considerable Importance ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
South West ◽  
Full Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Town ◽  
Prize Essay

Clare is situated in the south-west corner of Suffolk, in the valley of the Stour River. At the present day it is only a village, for its market is no longer held; yet its history shows that in earlier times it was of considerable importance, especially during the medieval period, when it was a favourite residence of the Clare lords. The town then had a busy market and a flourishing cloth-making industry; and at one time it seemed possible that Clare might attain full development as a borough, possessing as it did some burghal characteristics. In the following pages it is proposed to study in detail the history of Clare as a seignorial borough during the Middle Ages, and its subsequent development.

scholarly journals Topological Data Analysis of Coronary Plaques Demonstrates the Natural History of Coronary Atherosclerosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doyeon Hwang ◽  
Haneol J. Kim ◽  
Seung-Pyo Lee ◽  
Seonhee Lim ◽  
Bon-Kwon Koo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Coronary Atherosclerosis ◽  
Topological Data Analysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Topological Data

Studies in Contemporary Arabic Literature

1928 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 745-759
Author(s):  
H. A. K. Gibb
Keyword(s):  
Economic History ◽  
Arabic Literature ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
History Of

For some time past the writer has been endeavouring to collect material for the writing of an Economic History of Persia from the earliest times to the present. He has found himself greatly handicapped by the lack of accurate information respecting the earlier epochs of Persian history, and his researches in this direction are by no means complete.

Islamic Glass in the Making

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine Schibille
Keyword(s):  
Glass Industry ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Islamic Period ◽  
Holistic Understanding ◽  
History Of ◽  
Early Islamic Period ◽  
Early Islamic ◽  
Plant Ash ◽  
Islamic Glass

The ancient glass industry changed dramatically towards the end of the first millennium. The Roman glassmaking tradition of mineral soda glass was increasingly supplanted by the use of plant ash as the main fluxing agent at the turn of the ninth century CE. Defining primary production groups of plant ash glass has been a challenge due to the high variability of raw materials and the smaller scale of production. Islamic Glass in the Making advocates a large-scale archaeometric approach to the history of Islamic glassmaking to trace the developments in the production, trade and consumption of vitreous materials between the eighth and twelfth centuries and to separate the norm from the exception. It proposes compositional discriminants to distinguish regional production groups, and provides insights into the organisation of the glass industry and commerce during the early Islamic period. The interdisciplinary approach leads to a holistic understanding of the development of Islamic glass; assemblages from the early Islamic period in Mesopotamia, Central Asia, Egypt, Greater Syria and Iberia are evaluated, and placed in the larger geopolitical context. In doing so, this book fills a gap in the present literature and advances a large-scale approach to the history of Islamic glass.

Stranger Fictions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca C. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
World Literature ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Arabic Literature ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Reading Practices ◽  
Global Circulation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Modern Arabic

Zaynab, first published in 1913, is widely cited as the first Arabic novel, yet the previous eight decades saw hundreds of novels translated into Arabic from English and French. This vast literary corpus influenced generations of Arab writers but has, until now, been considered a curious footnote in the genre's history. Incorporating these works into the history of the Arabic novel, this book offers a transformative new account of modern Arabic literature, world literature, and the novel. This book rewrites the history of the global circulation of the novel by moving Arabic literature from the margins of comparative literature to its center. Considering the wide range of nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century translation practices, the book argues that Arabic translators did far more than copy European works; they authored new versions of them, producing sophisticated theorizations of the genre. These translations and the reading practices they precipitated form the conceptual and practical foundations of Arab literary modernity, necessitating an overhaul of our notions of translation, cultural exchange, and the global. The book shows how translators theorized the Arab world not as Europe's periphery but as an alternative center in a globalized network. It affirms the central place of (mis)translation in both the history of the novel in Arabic and the novel as a transnational form itself.

scholarly journals Integrative approach using Yersinia pestis genomes to revisit the historical landscape of plague during the Medieval Period

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (50) ◽  
pp. E11790-E11797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amine Namouchi ◽  
Meriam Guellil ◽  
Oliver Kersten ◽  
Stephanie Hänsch ◽  
Claudio Ottoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yersinia Pestis ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
Historical Landscape ◽  
Genomic Studies ◽  
History Of

Over the last few years, genomic studies on Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of all known plague epidemics, have considerably increased in numbers, spanning a period of about 5,000 y. Nonetheless, questions concerning historical reservoirs and routes of transmission remain open. Here, we present and describe five genomes from the second half of the 14th century and reconstruct the evolutionary history of Y. pestis by reanalyzing previously published genomes and by building a comprehensive phylogeny focused on strains attributed to the Second Plague Pandemic (14th to 18th century). Corroborated by historical and ecological evidence, the presented phylogeny, which includes our Y. pestis genomes, could support the hypothesis of an entry of plague into Western European ports through distinct waves of introduction during the Medieval Period, possibly by means of fur trade routes, as well as the recirculation of plague within the human population via trade routes and human movement.

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