scholarly journals Factors Affecting Slope Instability of the Nhan Co Alumina Red Mud Basin and Economical, Environmentally Friendly Soil Stabilization

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-546
Author(s):  
Nguyen Van Hoang ◽  
Hoang Viet Hung ◽  
Nguyen Mai Chi ◽  
Pham Huy Dung ◽  
Dao Trong Tien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Mud ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Slope Instability ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Angle Of Internal Friction ◽  
Slope Factor ◽  
Bamboo Stem

Since 2017, there have been recurring landslides in the red mud basins of the Nhan Co alumina factory, Dak Nong Province, Vietnam, during the rainy seasons. Changes in physical and mechanical soil parameters due to rain water infiltration and the formation of tension cracks have been considered as the main causes of slope instability. The soil cohesion and angle of internal friction decreased nearly thrice and twice, respectively, as the soil became saturated. An economical and environmentally friendly reinforcement using bamboo stem piles in combination with slope regrading is suitable for the site conditions. With a light slope regrading, a bamboo stem pile spacing of 5.3 m ensures that the slope factor of safety (FS) is 1.30, which satisfies the requirements specified by the national technical regulations. The results are helpful and serve as practical fundamentals for a comprehensive control of slope stability of the red mud basins in the Nhan Co alumina factory to avoid possible catastrophic destruction of the local ecology by the spreading of an extremely high pH fluid and mud from the red mud basins due to the landslides into the red mud basins.

scholarly journals Site-Specific Effects of Organic Amendments on Parameters of Tropical Agricultural Soil and Yield: A Field Experiment in Three Countries in Southeast Asia

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 348
Author(s):  
Thuy Thu Doan ◽  
Phimmasone Sisouvanh ◽  
Thanyakan Sengkhrua ◽  
Supranee Sritumboon ◽  
Cornelia Rumpel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Elemental Content ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Site Specific

Organic amendments may improve the quality of acidic tropical agricultural soils with low organic carbon contents under conventional management (mineral fertilization and irrigation) in Southeast Asia. We investigated the effect of biochar, compost and their combination on maize growth and yield, soil physical, biological and chemical properties at harvesting time at four sites in three countries: Thailand, Vietnam and Laos. Treatments consisted of 10 t·ha−1 cow manure compost and 7 t·ha−1 of Bamboo biochar and their combination. Maize biomass production and cop yields were recorded for two seasons. Elemental content, pH and nutrient availability of soils were analyzed after the first growing season. We also characterized macrofauna abundance and water infiltration. Few changes were noted for maize biomass production and maize cop yield. Soil chemical parameters showed contrasting, site-specific results. Compost and biochar amendments increased soil organic carbon, pH, total K and N, P and K availability especially for sandy soils in Thailand. The combination of both amendments could reduce nutrient availability as compared to compost only treatments. Physical and biological parameters showed no treatment response. We conclude that the addition of compost, biochar and their mixture to tropical soils have site-specific short-term effects on chemical soil parameters. Their short-term effect on plants is thus mainly related to nutrient input. The site-dependent results despite similar crops, fertilization and irrigation practices suggest that inherent soil parameters and optimization of organic amendment application to specific pedoclimatic conditions need future attention.

Analysis of Slope Instability Based on Strength Reduction Method

2012 ◽  
Vol 170-173 ◽  
pp. 1238-1242
Author(s):  
Xue Wei Li ◽  
Xin Yuan ◽  
Xiao Wei Li
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Zone ◽  
Reduction Method ◽  
Limit Equilibrium ◽  
Strength Reduction ◽  
Slope Instability ◽  
Strength Reduction Method ◽  
Numerical Convergence ◽  
Safety Coefficient ◽  
Reduction Coefficient ◽  
Slope Factor

Abstract. Combined the strength reduction method with ABAQUS, the development of the slope plastic strain of different reduction coefficient is obtained by constantly adjusting reduction coefficient to change the strength index of the soil. The reduction coefficient is obtained from the criterion of numerical convergence and displacement mutation and plastic zone breakthrough. Through the analysis and comparison with the results, the reduction coefficient by the criterion of displacement mutation is consistent with the result of the criterion of plastic zone breakthrough. The reduction coefficient is the safety coefficient of the slope, and compared and analyzed with the slope factor of limit equilibrium method Bishop. The result shows that the displacement mutation and the plastic zone breakthrough as criterions to judge the slope instability are reasonable.

Slope instabilities in differently vegetated recent volcanic deposits

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabatino Cuomo ◽  
Mariagiovanna Moscariello ◽  
Valerie Baumann ◽  
Costanza Bonadonna
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Slope Instability ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Volcanic Deposits

<p>Vegetation has an important role on slope stability and erosion through hydrological and mechanical processes. Especially plants transpiration and roots uptake can preserve a large amount of matric suction during and after a rainfall event. Soils properties as the water infiltration rate, the moisture content, the organic matter content and the aggregate stability are affected by plants cover as well. The presence of vegetation and its effect on soil moisture also implies an increase of shear strength. Moreover, plants roots increase the tensile strength and the overall shear strength of the vegetated soils, because of their ability to sustain tension, and to occupy the space of soil pores. Trees and shrubs roots produce significant cohesion-like aliquots of strength into shallow soil deposits and increase subsurface drainage, impacting the pronenesse of shallow landslides. Thus, vegetation acts on most of the soil properties which control the slope instability.</p><p>Volcanic eruptions can drastically change hillslope hydrology by removing or burying the vegetation in large areas. Events of rainfall-induced slope instability and erosion in differently vegetated recent volcanic deposits are here investigated using a distributed physically-based numerical model. The model considers the effect of vegetation through an additional amount of cohesion due to plants roots, the leaf area index, the average height of plants, the storage capacity of plant cover. Several sets of parameters are considered, and the effect of differently aged vegetation covers on the stability recent volcanic deposits stability is analysed.</p>

scholarly journals Eco-Friendly Pavements Manufactured with Glass Waste: Physical and Mechanical Characterization and Its Applicability in Soil Stabilization

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 3727
Author(s):  
M. Isabel Más-López ◽  
Eva M. García del Toro ◽  
Alfredo Luizaga Patiño ◽  
L. Jaime Marco García
Keyword(s):  
Glass Powder ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Type Material ◽  
Base Layer ◽  
Cement Type ◽  
Glass Waste ◽  
Soil Cement ◽  
Structural Capacity

The use of glass waste, which by its nature cannot be recycled, might be a viable alternative in the manufacture of cements and concrete that is also economical and environmentally friendly. This alternative can reduce landfill areas with this inert residue but also limit the use of raw materials employed in the manufacture of cement and concrete and, consequently, contribute to minimize the environmental impact generated by this activity. In this research, the feasibility of using a limestone-type material treated with a binder manufactured with micronized glass powder and basic reagents, in the preparation of a gravel–cement- or soil–cement-type material, was analyzed. For this purpose, the strength, compactability, structural capacity, resistance to the action of water, stiffness and durability of the material obtained were characterized. From the tests that were carried out and the results obtained, it can be concluded that the use of glass powder, with a particle size of 16 μm, is ideal for the production of a gravel–cement- or soil–cement-type material. This material could be used as an environmentally-friendly pavement, especially suitable for peri-urban roads and park roads, where it can be used without coating, or as a base layer or sub-base for road surfaces, with little cracking due to shrinkage.

A review of factors affecting cave climates for hibernating bats in temperate North America

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger W. Perry
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Evaporative Water ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Geomyces Destructans ◽  
Thermal Requirements ◽  
White Nose Syndrome ◽  
Air Infiltration

The fungal pathogen Geomyces destructans, which causes white-nose syndrome in bats, thrives in the cold and moist conditions found in caves where bats hibernate. To aid managers and researchers address this disease, an updated and accessible review of cave hibernacula and cave microclimates is presented. To maximize energy savings and reduce evaporative water loss during winter, most temperate vespertilionid bats in North America select caves with temperatures between 2 and 10 °C, with 60%–100% relative humidity. Generally, the temperature in caves is similar to the mean annual surface temperature (MAST) of a region, which varies by latitude, altitude, and topography. However, MAST for most areas where caves are found in eastern North America is well above 10 °C. Thus, various factors cause cold-air infiltration that reduces temperatures of these caves during winter. These factors include depth of cave, topographic setting, airflow patterns, cave configuration, and water infiltration. Factors affecting humidity, condensation, and evaporation are also addressed. In areas where MAST is above or below the thermal requirements of Geomyces destructans, many caves used by bats as hibernacula may still provide favorable sites for optimal growth of this fungus.

scholarly journals Estimating velocity from noisy GPS data for investigating the temporal variability of slope movements

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1153-1192
Author(s):  
V. Wirz ◽  
S. Gruber ◽  
S. Gubler ◽  
R. S. Purves
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Slope Instability ◽  
Gps Data ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Slope Movements ◽  
Abstract Knowledge ◽  
Sensitivity Tests ◽  
Synthetic Time Series

Abstract. Knowledge of processes and factors affecting slope instability is essential for detecting and monitoring potentially hazardous slopes. Knowing the timing of acceleration or deceleration of slope movements can help to identify important controls and hence to increase our process understanding. For this methods to derive reliable velocity estimations are important. The aim of this study was to develop and test a method to derive velocities based on noisy GPS data of various movement patterns and variable signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR). Derived velocities represent reliable average velocities representative for a given period. The applied smoothing windows directly depends on the SNR of the data, which is modeled using Monte Carlo simulation. Hence, all obtained velocities have a SNR above a predefined threshold and for each velocity period the SNR is known, which helps to interpret the temporal variability. In sensitivity tests with synthetic time-series the method was compared to established methods to derive velocities based on GPS positions, including spline and Kernel regression smoothing. Those sensitivity tests clearly demonstrated that methods are required that adopt the time window to the underlying error of the position data. The presented method performs well, even for a high noise levels and variable SNR. Different methods were further applied to investigate the inter-annual variability of permafrost slope movements based on daily GPS- and inclinometer data. In the framework of the new method, we further analyzed the error caused by a rotation of the GPS mast (hmast = 1.5 m). If the tilting is higher than its uncertainty, the rotational movement can be separated and the direction of movement became more uniform. At one GPS station, more than 12% of the measured displacement at the antenna was caused by the rotation of the station.

scholarly journals Tüketicilerin Sosyo-ekonomik Nitelikleri ile Çevre Bilinci Düzeyleri Arasındaki İlişki ve Çevre Dostu Gıda Ürünlerini Satın Almalarında etkili olan Faktörler

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1297-1303
Author(s):  
Yusuf Çakmakçı ◽  
Harun Hurma
Keyword(s):  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Label Information ◽  
Data Frequency

This study examined whether there is a relationship between the socio-economic and demographic characteristics of consumers while purchasing food products and the level of environmental awareness and environmental consciousness. In addition, the factors affecting consumers' trust in environmentally friendly food products were examined. The data of the study were obtained from the questionnaires made with 171 people in the district of Süleymanpaşa in Tekirdağ. In the evaluation of the obtained data, frequency distributions, chi-square, and factor analyses were used. In the results of the research, it determined that the level of environmental friendliness of consumers in their general consumption habits differs according to their age, education, having children under the age of 10, monthly income level, monthly food expenditure level. Consumers over the age of 36 were found to be more environmentally sensitive than other consumers. Similarly, consumers with undergraduate and higher education were found to be more environmentally friendly than those who have under undergraduate education. On the other hand, factor analysis was applied to 11 variables that affect the confidence level of consumers for food products produced with environmentally friendly and human health sensitive production methods. 11 variables were grouped under 3 factors as “Legal regulations and promotion efforts”, “Certificates and label information” and “Product awareness”. When evaluated from this point of view, it revealed that certificates and label information are very important as well as legal regulations in increasing the reliability of environmentally friendly food products in the eyes of consumers. However, it is understood that the environmental attitudes of consumers should also be taken into account in consumer-oriented studies in the food products market today.

scholarly journals Analysis of Factors Affecting Gillnet Fisherman Income <10 GT at Fish Auction Place, Indramayu Regency

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-83
Author(s):  
Ali Rizki Maulana ◽  
Abdul Kohar Mudzakir ◽  
Tita Elfitasari
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Scale Development ◽  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Fishing Gear ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Independent Variables

The purpose of this study is to analyze the income level of gillnet fishermen <10 GT, to analyze the factors that affect the level of income, and to formulate strategies and solutions to increase income. This research was conducted at the Fish Auction Place (TPI) Pabean Udik, Pabean Udik Village, Indramayu Regency. This location was chosen because the Udik Customs Fish Auction Place (TPI) is dominated by fishermen using gillnet fishing gear who have vessels <10 GT. The method used is the census method with samples taken as a whole. The analysis used in this research is the Logistic Regression Analysis and the SWOT Analysis. Research results obtained by using IBM SPSS, namely for the Sig Value Variable in the Equation is 100%, this value is interpreted by 8 (factors) Independent variables can affect income only educational factors that do not affect income and for the results obtained from SWOT analysis namely to increase the income of gillnet fishermen <10 GT at TPI Pabean Udik, namely the development of technology and fisheries business scale, development of access to capital for fishermen, development of marketing access, development of facilities and infrastructure at TPI Pabean Udik, Development of diversification of fish management and environmentally friendly fisheries management.

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