From gender binarism to gender... binarism: gender identity and new expressions of gender stereotypes

2018 ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Orlando von Doellinger
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identity ◽  
Gender Stereotypes

Introduction

2015 ◽  
pp. 9-10
Author(s):  
Emily Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identity ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Philosophical Analysis ◽  
Moral Ambiguity ◽  
Mise En Scene ◽  
Gender Characteristics ◽  
The Spectator ◽  
Micro Analysis

This introductory chapter provides an overview of Pedro Almodóvar's Talk to Her (2002). The film offers much, both in terms of thematic analysis and micro analysis of the sound, performance, cinematography, editing, and mise-en-scène. Almodóvar can be considered to be a director who is a specialist in gender and the issue of gender identity is explored in Talk to Her, particularly the notion that gender characteristics are fluid and not fixed. Almodóvar's characters simultaneously embody and reject gender stereotypes and share both feminine and masculine attributes. Most of all, what makes Talk to Her such an interesting film to dissect, is the uneasy position that Almodóvar places the spectator in and how its messages and values create moral ambiguity. The film delivers morally complex, hazy messages about rape, voyeurism, and obsession and consequently, the spectator finds humour where they should find revulsion and sympathy where they should find anger. As a result, the film has sparked a great deal of critical, theoretical, and philosophical analysis, particularly around the issue of rape.

Should We Program Robotic Emotions from the Gender Perspective?

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Mercedes García-Ordaz ◽  
Rocío Carrasco-Carrasco ◽  
Francisco José Martínez-López
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identity ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Feminist Research ◽  
Human Reasoning ◽  
Gender Perspective ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Emotional Aspects ◽  
Complex Decision ◽  
Gender Perspectives

Scientific research on robotic emotions has been increasingly developing for the last few years. It is presumed that in twenty five years’ time there will be robots with emotions capable of taking decisions. Therefore, it is important to determine if people should take into account gender when designing the development of this kind of robotic emotions. Moreover, the authors assume that nowadays there is no intelligence without emotions, which are the ones that ultimately help taking decisions. It is contended here that the emotional elements and features of human reasoning should be taken into account when designing the personality of robots. As has been shown in the last few years, the concept of gender is constructed by socio-cultural factors. Gender perspectives are increasingly being applied to different fields of knowledge. Indeed, and as recent feminist research has highlighted, technology is affected by gender relations. Technology in general has been traditionally considered as a sign of men’s power and masculinity defined in terms of technological capabilities. Nevertheless, current discourses have provided new definitions of technology, of gender identity and of what being human means. In the same way, definitions of gender also change with time, affected by technological developments. The present work aims at demonstrating that the gender perspective is indeed very useful when applied to the field of robotics. Specifically, and when dealing with complex decision-taking, it becomes necessary to analyse which managing activities women can better develop in order to apply them, together with other features, to the design of robotic emotions. The purpose is, then, to propose a robotic model that, after the inclusion of such emotional aspects, breaks with old constrained gender stereotypes and takes a rather liberating view. At the same time, such a proposal should enable researchers to get better results when creating robots capable of managing other robotic teams and taking complex decisions. In short, the authors seek to apply the gender perspective in the analysis of some emotional features to be taken into account before they are applied to the field of robotics.

scholarly journals Co-educating the gaze against gender stereotypes in TV

Comunicar ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (31) ◽  
pp. 115-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Belmonte-Arocha ◽  
Silvia Guillamón-Carrasco
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identity ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Cultural Products ◽  
The Gaze ◽  
The Feminine

TV serials analyzed in this paper show a representation of stereotyped gender. These cultural products, despite its apparent modernity, reproduce inequalities in the representation of the feminine and masculine through gender stereotypes which are sexist models for the construction of gender identity among its young viewers. Besides, a gender and co-education approach for an audiovisual alphabetization should be a good way against inequality. Se analizan en este trabajo un conjunto de series de televisión que plantean una representación estereotípica de los géneros. Pese a su aparente modernidad, múltiples productos culturales-televisivos siguen siendo portadores de discursos que reproducen la desigualdad en la representación de lo femenino y lo masculino, a través de estereotipos de género que actúan como modelos de desigualdad para la construcción de identidad de sus jóvenes espectadores. Frente a ellas, una alfabetización audiovisual, desde un enfoque coeducativo, podría ser un buen instrumento contra la desigualdad.

Les représentations multidimensionnelles du masculin et du féminin véhiculées par la presse enfantine francophone 1Mes remerciements vont aux deux experts anonymes qui ont fait des commentaires très constructifs sur des versions antérieures de ce manuscrit.

2002 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Dafflon Novelle
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identity ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Self ◽  
French Language ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Professional Roles ◽  
School Age ◽  
Future Aspirations ◽  
Language Literature

Multidimensional representations of gender in French language publications for children. Gender stereotypes in French language literature for children have not been extensively studied. This study analyses stories with household heroes, in French language publications aimed at pre-school age children. The aim is to evaluate multidimensional representations of gender in these publications. Results reveal major quantitative and qualitative asymmetries in the representations of the two sexes, often to the detriment of the female. Males outnumber females, who more often play secondary roles as compared to males who are more often depicted in the central role; girls are less frequently represented in the illustrations accompanying these stories than boys. Females are depicted in a more stereotyped manner, and are more confined to domestic and in private locations. Additionally, women play a smaller variety of professional roles than men. The asymmetries highlighted in this study are discussed in terms of the influence that may be exercised over children’s construction of their gender identity, and influence particularly on the self-esteem and future aspirations of girls.

The Femininity–Money Incongruity Hypothesis

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill Allen ◽  
Sarah J. Gervais
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Social Roles ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Benevolent Sexism ◽  
Current Work ◽  
Societal Challenges

Women are often stereotyped as poorly equipped to deal with money matters, compared to men, yet very little research has examined the underpinnings and consequences of such gender stereotypes. Drawing on descriptive and prescriptive elements of women’s social roles, we empirically examined the gendered nature of money stereotypes. Specifically in the current work, we introduced and investigated the femininity–money incongruity hypothesis, which suggests that when the concepts of femininity and money are both cognitively activated, money will become a liability for women, causing decrements in cognitive functioning. We first probed the role of gender identity and benevolent sexism beliefs in women’s endorsement of money–gender stereotypes. In two subsequent experiments, we tested the hypothesis that simultaneously activating money and femininity would lead to decrements in cognitive functioning. Converging results across studies suggest that money is incompatible with the stereotypic female gender identity, and this incongruity has detrimental cognitive costs for women as they navigate gender roles. Implications of societal challenges imposed on women by gender stereotypes regarding money matters at work and in relationship contexts and proposed interventions are discussed. Additional online materials for this article are available on PWQ’s website at http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/suppl/10.1177/0361684317718505

FEAUTURES OF GENDER IN MODERN MASS MEDIA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myroslava Chornodon
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Comparative Methods ◽  
Functional Methods ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Modern Mass ◽  
Gender Concept

The article clarifies of gender identity stereotypes in modern media. The main gender stereotypes covered in modern mass media are analyzed and refuted. The model of gender relations in the media is reflected mainly in the stereotypical images of men and woman. The features of the use of gender concepts in modern periodicals for women and men were determined. The most frequently used derivatives of these macroconcepts were identified and analyzed in detail. It has been found that publications for women and men are full of various gender concepts that are used in different contexts. Ingeneral, theanalysisofthe concept-maximums and concept-minimum gender and their characteristics is carried out in the context of gender stereotypes that have been forme dand function in the society, system atizing the a ctual presentations. The study of the gender concept is relevant because it reveals new trends and features of modern gender images. Taking into account the special features of gender-labeled periodicals in general and the practical absence of comprehensive scientific studies of the gender concept in particular, there is a need to supplement Ukrainian science with this topic. Gender psychology, which is served by methods of various sciences, primarily sociological, pedagogical, linguistic, psychological, socio-psychological. Let us pay attention to linguistic and psycholinguistic methods in gender studies. Linguistic methods complement intelligence research tasks, associated with speech, word and text. Psycholinguistic methods used in gender psychology (semantic differential, semantic integral, semantic analysis of words and texts), aimed at studying speech messages, specific mechanisms of origin and perception, functions of speech activity in society, studying the relationship between speech messages and gender properties participants in the communication, to analyze the linguistic development in connection with the general development of the individual. Nowhere in gender practice there is the whole arsenal of psychological methods that allow you to explore psychological peculiarities of a person like observation, experiments, questionnaires, interviews, testing, modeling, etc. The methods of psychological self-diagnostics include: the gender aspect of the own socio-psychological portrait, a gender biography as a variant of the biographical method, aimed at the reconstruction of individual social experience. In the process of writing a gender autobiography, a person can understand the characteristics of his gender identity, as well as ways and means of their formation. Socio-psychological methods of studying gender include the study of socially constructed women’s and men’s roles, relationships and identities, sexual characteristics, psychological characteristics, etc. The use of gender indicators and gender approaches as a means of socio-psychological and sociological analysis broadens the subject boundaries of these disciplines and makes them the subject of study within these disciplines. And also, in the article a combination of concrete-historical, structural-typological, system-functional methods is implemented. Descriptive and comparative methods, method of typology, modeling are used. Also used is a method of content analysis for the study of gender content of modern gender-stamped journals. It was he who allowed quantitatively to identify and explore the features of the gender concept in the pages of periodicals for women and men. A combination of historical, structural-typological, system-functional methods is also implemented in the article. Descriptive and comparative methods, method of typology, modeling are used. A method of content analysis for the study of gender content of modern gender-labeled journals is also used. It allowed to identify and explore the features of the gender concept quantitatively in the periodicals for women and men. The conceptual perception and interpretation of the gender concept «woman», which is highlighted in the modern gender-labeled press in Ukraine, requires the elaboration of the polyfunctionality of gender interpretations, the comprehension of the metaphorical perception of this image and its role and purpose in society. A gendered approach to researching the gender content of contemporary periodicals for women and men. Conceptual analysis of contemporary gender-stamped publications within the gender conceptual sphere allows to identify and correlate the meta-gender and gender concepts that appear in society.

scholarly journals Is reading a feminine domain? The role of gender identity and stereotypes in reading motivation in Chile

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 861-890
Author(s):  
Ana María Espinoza ◽  
Katherine Strasser
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identity ◽  
Secondary Students ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Reading Motivation ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Significant Variance ◽  
Paired Samples

Abstract In Chile, as in other countries, there are large gender gaps in reading achievement. One factor that may explain some of these results is male and female students’ motivation towards reading and books. The present study examined gender-related factors that contribute to explain students’ reading motivation. One hundred and fifteen Chilean secondary students completed measures of reading motivation, gender identity and reading gender stereotypes. A multivariate analysis of variance showed that after controlling for language arts achievement, female students exhibited higher levels of reading motivation, in both dimensions: self-concept and value. Paired samples t-tests showed that all participants, male and female, viewed reading as a more feminine endeavor, revealing reading gender stereotypes. A multiple regression analysis showed that reading gender stereotypes explained significant variance in students’ reading self-concept. Expressive identity traits (stereotypically feminine) as well as self-reported sexism both explained significant variance in the value that students associated with reading. The study offers empirical evidence about a relevant but understudied topic, especially in this region. These findings may contribute to the promotion of equal literacy development opportunities for students of both sexes in Latin America.

scholarly journals Gender Identity in Early Childhood

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
J C Cervantes
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Research Report ◽  
Gender Culture ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Different Ages

Background. Some authors indicate that the origin of gender identity in children is between two and three years old. This research report presents evidence against this affirmation based on Cultural–historical Psychology about the acquisition of consciousness through language as a process that begins from early childhood and ends in adolescence. Objective. (1) Characterize concepts about gender identity that have children in early childhood. (2) To compare differences and similarities of the concept of gender identity in children of different ages. Design. The procedure used was the classifying pictures method adapted for this study. We evaluated 32 children from one to five years old about the acquisition of gender identity through a qualitative analysis of data. Results. It was found that children of two and three years old group images by gender stereotypes, while those of four and five are incorporating other criteria such as shape and color. Conclusion. This happens for two reasons: first, the incorporation of the gender culture is a complex process and second, the school promotes a classification system that allows to order the worldbased on criteria other than gender. Keywords: concepts, gender identity, early childhood, cultural–historical psychology, Mexico

(Trans)gender stereotypes and the self: Content and consequences of gender identity stereotypes

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Howansky ◽  
Leigh S. Wilton ◽  
Danielle M. Young ◽  
Samantha Abrams ◽  
Rebekah Clapham
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identity ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
The Self
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