scholarly journals Operation of the coconut fiber/burnt rice husks filter for supplying drinking water to rural communities in Southeast Asia.

1979 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
R J Frankel
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Rice Husks ◽  
Coconut Fiber

MALABSORPTION OF FOOD IN RURAL COMMUNITIES

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-53
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Intestinal Absorption ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Definite Improvement ◽  
Experimental Introduction ◽  
Cash Cost ◽  
Better Than

The survey on malabsorption of food in rural communities of Guatemala indicated that the experimental introduction of drinking water in a community resulted in a definite decline in the incidence of diarrhoea in children from 3 to 7 years of age. Longitudinal evaluation of the capacity of healthy men to absorb d-xylose revealed malabsorption in 30% of individuals living under poor sanitation conditions, as compared with 9% among those living under sanitation conditions which were better than those in rural areas. A definite improvement in d-xylose absorption was observed in the community where drinking water was introduced. Findings of longitudinal studies on intestinal absorption indicated that between 50 and 60 per cent of all the adult men were losing about 350 calories per day, a loss which, expressed in economic terms, is equivalent to 5-7 per cent of the cash cost of the diet.

scholarly journals Spread of Antibiotic Resistance in Aquatic Environments: E. coli as a Case Study

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Adamantia Efstratiou ◽  
Marina Bountouni ◽  
Efthimios Kefalas
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Multiple Resistance ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Of Greece

The aim of this study was to gather information on the spread of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli isolates from wells, boreholes and untreated drinking water in islands of Greece. We analyzed for antibiotic resistance 235 E. coli strains isolated from untreated drinking water of small rural communities, and ground water from 4 islands. Resistance was tested against Norfloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Amoxicillin and Cefaclor. More than half (54.9%) were resistant to at least one of the antibiotics tested. Of these 26.3% showed multiple resistance (to two or more antibiotics). Strains from drinking water sources were overall more sensitive. Frequent resistance was observed for Amoxicillin (38.3%) and Levofloxacin (28.5%), low for Norfloxacin (5.5%).

scholarly journals Monitoring and risk assessment for groundwater sources in rural communities of Romania (GROUNDWATERISK)

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oana Teodora Moldovan ◽  
Rannveig Øvrevik Skoglund ◽  
Horia Leonard Banciu ◽  
Alexandra Dinu Cucoș ◽  
Erika Andrea Levei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
The Past ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Groundwater Ecosystems ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Agricultural Areas

In the past 100 years, a decreasing rainfall trend has been recorded on Romanian territory, a trend that continues today. Therefore, realistic estimation of the groundwater resources is crucial, especially for the rural communities lacking the economic power to use alternative sources of drinking water. The groundwater sources used by rural communities in Romania generally originate directly from caves, wells or springs with no proper evaluation of the water quality. Groundwater is exposed to different pollutants, as bats' guano in caves, fertilizers in agricultural areas or livestock (cattle, sheep, goats, etc.) farms on the surface. On the other hand, the water extracted directly from inside the caves is affecting groundwater ecosystems, highly vulnerable to any human impact and neglected by European legislation so far. The project aims to monitor, during two consecutive years, groundwater sources with different degrees of above- and underground pollution, from different regions of Romania. To achieve the goals of the project, a multidisciplinary monitoring strategy that will include measurements of hydrological, physico-chemical and biological (microbiology and aquatic invertebrates’ assessment) parameters alongside the quantification of radon and stable isotopes, rainfall or possible inflows of water. The specific outcomes of this project are: i) to test, develop and validate a new, more rapid and efficient method for monitoring and risk assessment of groundwater sources – and not only – by using molecular techniques, and propose this method to the water agencies in Romania; ii) to propose for Romanian authorities to implement a harmonized coherent methodology to measure radon concentration in water, as a consequence of EURATOM Directive; and iii) to educate local communities that are using groundwater as source for drinking water and raise young people’s awareness on the benefits of ecosystem services provided by the groundwater.

scholarly journals Correction: Carrard, N., et al. Groundwater as a Source of Drinking Water in Southeast Asia and the Pacific: A Multi-Country Review of Current Reliance and Resource Concerns. Water 2019, 11, 1605

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 298
Author(s):  
Naomi Carrard ◽  
Tim Foster ◽  
Juliet Willetts
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
The Pacific

The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper [...]

scholarly journals Borehole water: a potential health risk to rural communities in South Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Taonameso ◽  
L. S. Mudau ◽  
A. N. Traoré ◽  
N. Potgieter
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Point Mapping ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Mapping Tool

Abstract Sporadic outbreaks of diarrhoea in children in the Vhembe rural areas could be an indication of contamination in drinking water sources. In areas where improved water sources are used, not all rural households experience the benefits of these improved water sources. Water samples were collected from boreholes in three wards in the Vhembe District to determine microbiological risks over a 5-month period. A Water Point Mapping tool was used to indicate the borehole distribution. Water samples were taken from each functional borehole and analysed for total coliform and Escherichia coli counts, electrical conductivity, pH and temperature. A multiplex PCR protocol was used for identification of pathogenic E. coli. A total of 125 boreholes were identified of which only 12 were functional. Seven boreholes tested positive for total coliforms and E. coli counts. Four boreholes (33.3%) tested positive for diarrhoeagenic E. coli. Fifty-eight percent (58%) of water samples were without health risks, 17% were low risk and 25% could cause infection according to the South African water quality standards. This study indicated the importance of the role of the Municipalities and the maintenance plans that need to ensure that all boreholes are functional and provide safe drinking water to the rural communities.

Empowering rural communities: simple Water Safety Plans

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Hasan ◽  
A. Hicking ◽  
J. David
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Marshall Islands ◽  
Pacific Island ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Drinking Water Safety ◽  
Pacific Island Countries ◽  
The Republic

Every year 2800 deaths in Pacific island countries result from diarrhoea, and most are children under five years of age. These tragic diarrheal deaths are preventable as they are often linked to unsafe water, lack of proper sanitation facilities and poor hygienic practices. Effective preventive management through the framework of a drinking Water Safety Plan (WSP) is an efficient mechanism for ensuring the safe quality of drinking water thereby reducing the burden of water related diseases. The large proportion (81%) of people in Pacific island countries living in rural or outer island communities mostly have their own water supply (for example rainwater tanks or hand-dug wells), and often the water is consumed untreated. The remoteness and isolation of these rural communities prevent national surveillance authorities to regularly visit and provide advice on drinking water safety issues. In such circumstances empowering rural communities to ensure the safety of their drinking water, through trained local facilitators, could be promoted and utilised effectively. However, WSPs for rural communities have to be relatively simple hence tools such as modified sanitary inspections and the presence/absence hydrogen sulfide test could be used. The approach of empowering communities through trained local facilitators to promote the WSP framework has been implemented in the Republic of Marshall Islands (RMI). Positive feedback has been received by trained facilitators in RMI on the use of modified sanitary inspections (translated into Marshallese) and the hydrogen sulfide test. It is believed that the approach of empowering communities on WSPs through training local facilitators and equipping them with the above mentioned simple tools is effective and has potential for further replication in rural Pacific communities to improve drinking water quality and reduce the burden of water related diseases.

scholarly journals Drinking water is a significant predictor ofBlastocystisinfection among rural Malaysian primary schoolchildren

Parasitology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 139 (8) ◽  
pp. 1014-1020 ◽  
Author(s):  
AWATIF M. ABDULSALAM ◽  
INIT ITHOI ◽  
HESHAM M. AL-MEKHLAFI ◽  
ABDULHAMID AHMED ◽  
JOHARI SURIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Smear Microscopy ◽  
Disadvantaged Population ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Asymptomatic Children ◽  
Primary Schoolchildren

SUMMARYBlastocystisinfection has a worldwide distribution especially among the disadvantaged population and immunocompromised subjects. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence and the association ofBlastocystisinfection with the socio-economic characteristics among 300 primary schoolchildren, living in rural communities in Lipis and Raub districts of Pahang state, Malaysia. Stool samples were collected and examined for the presence ofBlastocystisusing direct smear microscopy afterin vitrocultivation in Jones' medium. The overall prevalence ofBlastocystisinfection was found to be as high as 25·7%. The prevalence was significantly higher among children with gastrointestinal symptoms as compared to asymptomatic children (x2=4·246;P=0·039). Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that absence of a piped water supply (OR=3·13; 95% CI=1·78, 5·46;P<0·001) and low levels of mothers’ education (OR=3·41; 95% CI=1·62, 7·18;P<0·01) were the significant predictors ofBlastocystisinfection. In conclusion,Blastocystisis prevalent among rural children and the important factors that determine the infection were the sources of drinking water and mothers' educational level. Interventions with provision of clean water supply and health education especially to mothers are required.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document