scholarly journals Suitability of discarded cashewnut (Anacardium occidentale) meal as replacement of soybean meal (Glycine max) in the diet of juvenile African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822)

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley Iheanacho ◽  
Emmanuel Ogueji ◽  
Christiana Igberi ◽  
Fred Avwemoya ◽  
Akunna Amadi-Eke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Control Group ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Haematological Profile ◽  
Fish Group

The search for alternative protein sources in aquaculture nutrition is still trending as the use of costly traditional feed stuffs in aquaculture diet formulation is no longer sustainable. The present study investigated the effects of partial and total dietary inclusion of cashewnut meal on growth, haematology, carcass composition, serum biochemistry and intestinal histology of juvenile African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). Soybean meal (SBM) was substituted with cashewnut meal (CM) at 0, 50 and 100% in formulated fish diets. A total of 135 juveniles of C. gariepinus (30.25± 1.02 g; 16.08±0.34 cm) were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments (0, 50 and 100% CM based diets) at a stocking density of 45 fish per treatment and further randomised into triplicates of 15 fish per replicate. The feeding trial lasted for 56 days and fish were fed twice daily at 5% body weight. Statistical analysis was carried out for all the parameters evaluated in this study. Fish group fed 50% CM based diet had the best growth performance and haematological profile when compared to 100% CM fish group and the control group. Insignificant changes in serum biochemical parameters were observed in CM fed fish groups when compared to the control. Histological examination of fish intestinal morphology revealed no adverse changes in the cellular structure of mucosal layer and villi in 50% CM fed fish, while mild histo-morphological changes were observed in 100% CM fed fish group. Significant increases in villi length and weight were observed in fish group fed CM based diets when compared to the control. The findings of the present study revealed that partial replacement (50%) of soybean with cashewnut meal improved growth performance and haematological profile of C. gariepinus.

scholarly journals Comparative Assessment of Growth Performance and Nutrients Utilization of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus, Burchell 1882) Fed Chicken Offal and Shrimp-Based Diets

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Elvis Monfung Ayim ◽  
Ettah Akpang Ivon ◽  
Raymond Odey Ajang ◽  
Akaninyene Paul Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Fish Group

A comparative study on the growth performance of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fed shrimp based diet (SBD), chicken offal based diet (COBD) and coppens feed was carried-out for 22 weeks in concrete tanks measuring 3.5 x 1.7 x 1.5 m3. Triplicate groups of 40 juveniles with average length of 9.15 ± 0.17cm and weight of 20.00 ± 2.58g were stored in each tank. A total of 360 juveniles were used throughout the study. Fish were fed daily at 3% of their body weight through-out the duration of the experiment. The nutrient composition of the 3 nutrients differed significantly at p<0.05. Weight gain (WG) (g) was highest (17189.33 ± 506.61g) in fish fed diet A (Coppens feed), followed by 15045.33±202.42 g (diet B) (SBD) and least (14357.33 ± 108.25 g) (diet C) (COBD). The Growth rate (GR) was highest in fish fed with diet A (111.62 ± 3.29 g/day), followed by 97.69±1.31 g/day (diet B), and least (93.23±0.70 g/day) in diet C. Specific growth rate (SGR) was highest in juveniles fed diet A (2.02 ± 0.02 %/day), followed by 1.94±0.01 %/day for diet B, and least (1.91±0.01 %/day) for diet C. Mean growth rate (MGR) was highest in juveniles fed diet A (11.88 ± 0.29 mg/day), followed by 11.74±0.15 mg/day for diet B, and least (11.69±0.09 mg/day) in fish fed diet C. The WG, GR and SGR varied significantly between the juvenile fish group fed the 3 diets at p<0.05, while MGR did not vary significantly between fish group fed the 3 diets at p>0.05. Fish fed diet A had a higher feed consumption (FC) (41650.00 ± 315.34 g/kg), than that fed diet B (39034.24 ± 86.34 g/kg) and then diet C (38276.00 ± 342.97 g/kg). Juveniles fed Coppens feed did better, with a feed conversion ratio (FCR) of 2.42 ± 0.06, followed by 2.59±0.04 for diet B and 2.67 ± 0.03 for fish fed diet C. Feed conversion efficiency (FCE) was higher in fish fed diet A (41.26±0.94 %), followed by 38.54 ± 0.54 % (diet B) and least (37.52 ± 0.51 %) (diet C). The FC and FCR varied significantly between the fish fed the 3 diets at p<0.05, while FCE was not significantly different between the 3 treatment groups at p>0.05. The water parameters of the culture water varied significantly between each treatment groups (p<0.05), and were within the rage suitable for normal growth of fish. Though coppens feed yielded better growth performance and feed utilisation, the use of COBD and SBD is recommended for fish farmers in Nigeria. More researches should be carried out on using chicken offals and shrimps in fish feed formulation.

scholarly journals Growth performance of fingerlings of Clarias gariepinus fed fermented seed of Senna obtusifolia (Linn)

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-280
Author(s):  
H. U. Onimisi ◽  
S. J. Oniye ◽  
J. K. Balogun ◽  
P. I. Bolorunduro
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Senna Obtusifolia ◽  
Significant Difference

The effects of replacing soybean meal with graded levels of fermented Senna obtusifolia seed meals (SOSM) on the growth performance of Clarias gariepinus were investigated. Five isonitrogenous (42% crude protein) and isocaloric (25.7% NFE) diets were formulated in which fermented replaced soybean meal (SBM) at 0% (SOSM0), 25% (SOSM25), 50% (SOSM50), 75% (SOSM75) and 100% (SOSM100) inclusion levels and a commercial feed (CmF) as the second control. Three hundred and sixty (360) fingerlings of (Clarias gariepinus) mean weight (2.85±0.01g) were stocked at (20) fish per tank volume in triplicate groups per treatment and fed 3% body weight twice a day of the experimental diets for 180 days. The feeding rate was adjusted after weighing. The water qualities were within range recommended for Clarias gariepinus. There were no significant differences (p> 0.05) in growth performance and nutrient utilization between the control groups and those fed the fermented SOSM diets at 25%. The commercial, 0% and 25% groups had the highest mean weight gain (279 to 280 g), significantly (P<0.05) superior to the groups that received the, 50%, 75% while the group that received 100% SOSM diet had the poorest mean weight gain (132.72g). Feed conversion ratios (FCR) of all treatments ranged from (1.75 to 2.18). These values increased slightly by increasing levels of fermented SOSM from 50 to 100%. The best FCR, 1.75± 0.02, recorded for fish fed 25% fermented SOSM indicated a superior level of utilization of the SOSM diet by the fish. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the protein intake among the group of fish fed 0 and 25%, but significant difference (P<0.05) occur in fish fed 50, 75 and 100% fermented SOSM respectively. Protein efficiency ratio (PER) exhibited significant differences (P<0.05) in all treatments except in the control diets that were not statistically different (P>0.05) from the fish fed the 25% fermented SOSM. The PER values increased among the experimental fish with respect to the quantity of total feed intake. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in apparent net protein utilization (ANPU) among treatments CmF, 0% and 25%. The ANPU was highest in fish fed 0% fermented SOSM (91.6±0.04) while fish fed 75 and 100 % fermented SOSM in diets were 71.4±0.02 and 73.4±0.03 were the least. There was a significant (P<0.05) difference in the effect of the inclusion levels of fermented (SOSM) on final body carcass composition among treatments. This study showed that soybean meal can be substituted with fermented Senna obtusifolia seed meal up to 25% level in Clarias gariepinus diets without any negative effects on the growth and feed efficiency.

scholarly journals GROWTH PERFORMANCE, NUTRIENT UTILIZATION, SURVIVAL AND BODY INDICES OF AFRICAN CATFISH (CLARIAS GARIEPINUS, BURCHELL 1822) REARED ON MAGGOT MEAL BASED DIET

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
Ayoola Akinwole ◽  
Akeem Dauda ◽  
Victore Ogunkunle
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Efficiency Ratio

Growth performance, feed utilization, survival and body indices of African catfish Clarias gariepinus juveniles fed diets containing maggot meal as replacement of fish meal was evaluated for 42 days. Sixty fingerlings of Clarias gariepinus, average weight of 10 g were randomly distributed into six circular tanks at the rate of 10 fish per tank. There were two treatments, DT1(maggot meal-based diet) and DT2 (fish meal-based diet). The fish were fed twice daily. Water quality parameters were monitored on a weekly basis throughout the experimental period. Growth, nutrient utilization and body indices parameters were evaluated at the end of the experiment. Crude protein, crude lipid and ash were higher in the fish meal-based diet (34.65%, 7.33% and 18.03% in DT2 as against 28.70%, 7.20% and 11.0.1% in DT1 respectively), while crude fibre was higher in maggot meal-based diet. The selected water quality parameters: temperature, dissolved oxygen, ammonia and pH were slightly lower in maggot meal based treatment, but none of them was differently significant. Mean weight gain, specific growth rate, protein intake, protein efficiency ratio, lipid intake and lipid efficiency ratio (17.25±0.70 g, 2.39±0.06 %/day, 95.50±1.27 g, 1.81±0.06, 23.96±0.32 g and 7.20±0.24 respectively) were all significantly higher in DT2. The feed conversion ratio was higher significantly in DT1. Survival, hepatosomatic index and condition factor were similar between the two treatments. Though the aforementioned body indices indicated that the total replacement of fish meal with maggot meal is not harmful to the fish, a partial replacement may be better for optimum output

scholarly journals The Effect of Fermented Soybean Meal on Performance, Biochemical and Immunological Blood Parameters in Turkeys

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 1035-1049
Author(s):  
Robert Chachaj ◽  
Iwona Sembratowicz ◽  
Magdalena Krauze ◽  
Anna Stępniowska ◽  
Elżbieta Rusinek-Prystupa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cell Parameters ◽  
Fermented Soybean Meal ◽  
Fermented Soybean

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to assess the effect of different levels of fermented soybean meal on growth performance, intestinal morphology, metabolic indicators, and immunity in turkeys. The material for the study consisted of day-old BIG 6 turkeys raised to the age of 112 days. The experiment was carried out on 800 turkey hens (10 replications of 20 individuals each), assigned to 4 experimental groups of 200 birds each. The feed for the control group (FSBM0) was a standard mix without fermented soybean meal. For turkeys from groups FSBM7, FSBM9 and FSBM10 the diet contained 70, 90 or 100 g fermented soybean meal (FSBM) per kg of feed, respectively. The study showed that including fermented soybean meal in feed for turkeys at 7% improved intestinal histology and stimulated the immune and antioxidant systems. The use of higher level of FSBM (9% and 10%) in the diet of the turkeys improved growth performance and had a beneficial effect on the histology of the small intestine. The dietary inclusion of 10% FSBM had beneficial effect on red-blood-cell parameters, but caused negative impact on liver and kidney function (an increase of aminotransferases activity, content of glucose and creatinine in turkeys’ blood). Ten percent share of FSBM in feed contributed to an adverse intensification of oxidation and inflammatory reactions which were reflected by an increase of malonyldialdehyde, lipid peroxides level and proinflammatory inteleukine-6 contents.

scholarly journals Haematological Indices and Carcass Composition of African Catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) Fingerlings Fed with Fluted Pumpkin Leaf (Telfairia Occidentalis) as Feed Additives

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-90
Author(s):  
I.J. Ochokwu ◽  
M.A. Taiwo ◽  
S.Y. Bashir
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Fluted Pumpkin ◽  
Telfairia Occidentalis ◽  
Haematological Profile

A feeding trial was carried out for 56 days to ascertain the effects of Telfairia occidentalis (fluted pumpkin) as a feed additive on the haematological profile and nutrients value of Clarias gariepinus carcass. C. gariepinus fingerlings (mean body weight 9.6g) were randomly distributed in plastic bowls at nine fish per bowl in triplicates. Five diets designated as D1 to D5 with 40% crude protein containing 0, 50, 100, 150, and 200g/kg of T. occidentalis leaf powder were fed to C. gariepinus fingerlings at 5% body weight per day. The results showed that T. occidentalis additive significantly (P≤0.05) improved the haematological parameters of the fish. The mean value of white blood cells (WBC) count (μL) in the diets fed with T. occidentalis were significantly higher (D2-D5 : 870.20, 864.80, 840.30, 876.40, respectively) than the diet without T. occidentalis (D1 783.15). A similar trend was observed in PCV, MCV, MCHC, MCH, and platelets. However, HB D1 (control) had higher values than the diet containing T. occidentalis. Meanwhile, in carcass quality, there was an increase in the crude protein of all the fish but the group that consumed T. occidentalis had a higher carcass crude protein and lower lipid, while the control had a higher lipid value. Meanwhile, the initial values obtained before the feeding trials had lower crude protein and higher lipid value when compared with the fish that was fed with the experimental diet. In conclusion, T. occidentalis leaf meal can be utilized to improve the haematological  parameters of the fish, with an increase in the WBC there is a high possibility of the fish to withstand pathogenic attacks because Blood is a major parameter that determines the physiological, immune , and nutritional status of an organism, also WBC are important blood  constituents for defense against diseases, pathogens and unwanted foreign bodies in an organism.

scholarly journals The possibility of replacing fish meal with fermented soy pulp on the growth performance, blood biochemistry, liver, and intestinal morphology of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 100815
Author(s):  
Zulhisyam Abdul Kari ◽  
Muhammad Anamul Kabir ◽  
Khairiyah Mat ◽  
Nor Dini Rusli ◽  
Mohammad Khairul Azhar Abdul Razab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Blood Biochemistry ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
African Catfish

Effects of light matrix organics (probiotic) on the growth, feed digestibility, carcass and blood parameters of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-46
Author(s):  
B.O Oben ◽  
T.D.G Tiku ◽  
P.M Oben
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Feed Digestibility

Cameroon’s fish protein consumption levels remain inadequate due to low fish production. The effects of Light Matrix Organics (LMO), a probiotic combination on the growth performance, feed digestibility, blood and carcass composition of the African catfish, Clarias gariepinus were investigated. Probiotics are live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer health benefits on the host. A basal diet was formulated and supplemented with LMO at 0.0 ml/kg (T0) as control; 1.66 ml/kg (T1); 2.49 ml/kg (T2); 3.32 ml/kg (T3) and 4.15 ml/kg (T4) and fed to 340 Clarias gariepinus fingerlings in two blocks (with average fish weights of 1.00±0.40 g and 0.1±0.05 g respectively), for sixty (60) days in replicate plastic tanks. Fish were fed twice daily at 4% body weight. Results show that the Mean weight gain, Specific growth rate and Protein efficiency ratio were significantly highest (P<0.05) in fish fed diets supplemented with LMO at 4.15 ml/kg (T4) and lowest in T0 (control). Apparent Digestibility Coefficients (ADC) of C. gariepinus for Dry Matter% and Crude Protein% decreased significantly in the general order: T4>T3>T2>T1>T0, except for Crude Protein which was significantly higher (P<0.05) in T3 than in T4. ADC Lipid% was higher (P<0.05) in both T2 and T4 than in all other treatments while ADC Energy was highest (P<0.05) in T2. Blood parameters were significantly higher (P<0.05) in LMO supplemented diets except for haematocrit (Ht) and red blood cells (RBC). Carcass nutrients differed significantly with LMO supplemented diets producing significantly lower (P≤0.05) fat but storing more energy than fish on the control diet. Incorporating LMO in treatment T2 was significantly more (P<0.05) economically efficient than other treatments. The supplementary use of LMO at the rate of 2.49ml/kg fish feed is therefore recommended based on the high economic efficiency and above average growth performance. Key words: probotic, light matrix organics, Clarias gariepinus, growth performance, digestibility, economic efficiency.

Medicinal Plant Feed Additives Enhanced Survivability and Growth Performance of Clarias gariepinus (African Catfish) against Bacterial Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 744-752
Author(s):  
Adebisi Musefiu Tiamiyu ◽  
Isaac Olufemi Olatoye ◽  
Okunlade Akinsola Olayemi ◽  
Temitope Cyrus Ekundayo ◽  
Olufemi Bolarinwa Adedeji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Control Group ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Chromolaena Odorata

The growth performance and survivability enhancement potential of some medicinal plant feed additives for combatting Pseudomonad infections in Clarias gariepinus were evaluated. Three medicinal plants (5 g/kg Allium sativum, 10 g/kg Chromolaena odorata and 10 g/kg Talinum triangulare) were incorporated separately into a basic diet. Juvenile Clarias gariepinus (n = 150, 53.05 ± 0.23 g), randomised into four groups, were fed for 42 days. The control group was fed with a non-supplemented diet. Growth parameters were determined and thereafter ten fish from each group, randomly selected, were inoculated intraperitoneally with pathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa (0.2 mL culture containing 1.4 × 106 cfu/mL). Their survivability was observed for 7 days based on mortality rate and relative level of protection (RLP). Mean weight gains were higher in all treated groups and significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the group of fish fed with 5 g/kg Allium sativum diet compared with the control. The lowest mortality rate (20%) and highest RLP (75) was recorded in the group fed with10 g/kg Chromolaena odorata. The results suggest that medicinal plant feed additives enhanced growth and survival of the cultured Clarias gariepinus. The study recommends 5 g/kg Allium sativum and 10 g/kg Chromolaena odorata diet supplementations as an effective growth promoter and anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa agent, respectively, for Clarias gariepinus production.

scholarly journals Supplemental enzyme in artificial diets for north african catfish larvae Clarias gariepinus Burchell, 1822

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Ucu Cahyadi ◽  
Dedi Jusadi ◽  
Ichsan Ahmad Fauzi ◽  
Ade Sunarma
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Size Group ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Control Group ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Artificial Diets ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Group 2

Supplemental enzyme in artificial diets with difference doses for African catfish Clarias gariepinus (initial weight of 0.0048±0.0001 g and total length 0.7633±0.0392 cm) were examined for 12 days feeding trial. The aim of this study was to analyze the effectiveness supplemental enzymes in diets for growth performance of catfish larvae. Tubifex sp. (control) and a multi enzyme was included at the level of 0.00 (ME0), 1.00 (ME1) and 2.00 g kg-1 (ME2 diet as a test diets. Each of the four experimental diets was randomly assigned to four plicate groups. Larva was allocated into 150 L aquaria at a density of 1350 larvae per aquarium. Data was analyzed using SPSS 20, followed by Duncan’s test. The result showed that the survival rate and condition factors were no statistical difference between experimental diets and control group. The highest final length, final weight, total food consumption, villi length and enzymes activity  were recorded in the Control (P<0.05) and significantly different with other treatments. Feed efficiency’s control significantly different with other. Harvest size distribution, in the small size group (1-2 cm) did not show significantly different, in the medium size group (2-3 cm) and large size group (3-5 cm) the Tubifex sp. treatment were significantly different from the other treatments (P<0.05) whereas between ME0, ME1 and ME2 treatments were not significantly different. Among the supplemental enzyme in test diets, ME2 can improve weight and total length 6.25% and 13.4%, respectively than ME0 treatment. The results suggested that enzyme supplementation can improve intestinal structure and growth performance of catfish larvae. The supplemental enzyme in diets with doses up to 2 g kg-1 can increase intestinal villi’s length but have not been able to increase fish growth performance as use worm.

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