scholarly journals EFFECT OF SALINITY ACCLIMATISATION AND ADMINISTRATION OF HORMONES ON OOCYTE MATURATION, OVULATION AND SPAWNING OF GOLDSPOT MULLET LIZA PARSIA (HAMILTON, 1822) REARED IN BRACKISHWATER POND

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prem Kumar ◽  
G. Biswas ◽  
T.K. Ghoshal ◽  
L. Christina ◽  
P. Behera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Oocyte Maturation ◽  
Dopamine Antagonist ◽  
Oocyte Diameter ◽  
Female Fish ◽  
Male Fish ◽  
Oocyte Growth ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Brackishwater Pond

In this study, anTwo separate experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of salinity acclimatisation and administration of hormones on oocyte growth of Liza parsia (Hamilton, 1822). In the first experiment, broodstock fishes in the sex ratio of 2:1 (male:female) were acclimatised to 30 ppt salinity (which is the desired salinity for breeding L. parsia) in 24, 48 and 72 h of duration (n=6). Oocyte diameter from the experimental fishes were measured before and after salinity acclimatisation. The results showed that the acclimatisation to breeding salinity reduced oocyte diameter (p<0.05) in female fish and increased sperm relative mortality (p<0.05) in male fish. In the second experiment, males and females in the similar sex ratio (2:1) were acclimatised to the desired salinity of 30 ppt in 24 h. Subsequently, carp pituitary gland extract (PGE), human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), combination of PGE+HCG and luteinising hormone releasing hormone analogue (LHRHa) with dopamine antagonist (DA) metoclopramide were injected intramuscularly, The dosages used were: PGE- 0.01 and 0.02 mg g-1; HCG - 20 and 40 IU g-1, LHRHa - 10 and 20 µg kg-1 as primary and secondary doses, respectively. Metoclopramide was injected at the dose of 15 mg kg-1 along with LHRHa. Results of the second experiment indicated that the administration of PGE or PGE+HCG is essential for final oocyte maturation and ovulation in salinity acclimatised L. parsia.

scholarly journals PERBANDINGAN JENIS KELAMIN DAN DIMORFISME SEKSUAL PADA PERTUMBUHAN IKAN GURAMI (Osphronemus goramy) SERTA IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP STRATEGI SELEKSINYA

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sularto Sularto ◽  
Rita Febrianti ◽  
Suharyanto Suharyanto
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Standard Length ◽  
Adult Size ◽  
Male Fish ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Fish Breeding ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Number Of Males

Ikan gurami (Osphronemus goramy Lac.) pada ukuran dewasa memiliki bentuk morfometrik yang khas khususnya pada ikan jantan, sehingga dapat dibedakan antara ikan jantan dan betina. Ikan gurami jantan memiliki dahi menonjol dan bibir tebal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi rasio kelamin dan perbedaan performa pertumbuhan antara jantan dan betina. Ikan uji yang digunakan adalah empat populasi ikan gurami yang berbeda yaitu: Kalimantan Selatan, Jambi, Majalengka, dan Tasikmalaya. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Balai Penelitian Pemuliaan Ikan (BPPI), Sukamandi pada bulan Juni 2014 sampai dengan bulan Juli 2015. Hewan uji yang digunakan adalah benih ikan gurami keturunan galur murni berasal dari Kalimantan Selatan, Jambi (strain Batanghari), Majalengka, dan Tasikmalaya. Perawatan telur, pemeliharaan benih, dan pembesaran menggunakan prosedur operasional standar BPPI tentang pemeliharaan ikan gurami. Pemeliharaan ikan gurami dilakukan selama 14 bulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan jenis kelaminnya jumlah ikan gurami betina (67,3%-80,7%) lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan jumlah jantannya (19,3%-32,7%). Setelah mencapai ukuran > 300 g terdapat perbedaan pertumbuhan antara ikan jantan dan betina (P<0,05) yakni jantan tumbuh lebih cepat dibandingkan betina pada semua populasi yakni berkisar antara 4,74%-5,67% untuk karakter panjang standar, dan 14,10%-16,52% untuk karakter bobot. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa ikan gurami memiliki dimorfisme pertumbuhan. Oleh karena itu, ketika dilakukan seleksi berdasarkan pertumbuhan 10% terbaik didapatkan ikan jantan 55%-80% lebih banyak dibandingkan ikan betina (20%-45%).Adult size of giant gouramy (Osphronemus goramy, Lac.) has a distinctive shape of morphometric particularly in male fish, making it easy to distinguish between male and female fishes. Giant gouramy males have a prominent forehead and thick lips. This study aimed to determine sex ratios and differences in growth performance between males and females. This study used 4 progenies of giant gouramy seed from four different populations, namely: Kalimantan, Jambi, Majalengka, and Tasikmalaya, aged 14 months. Eggs incubations,seed maintenance and grow-out were conducted using Standard Operational Procedures of Research Institute for Fish Breeding (RIFB) about the rearing of giant gouramy. Seed rearing were carried out for 14 months. The results showed that, based upon the sex ratio, the number of female was more than the number of males, contituting females 67.3%–80.7% and males from 19.3% to 32.7% of populations. After reaching the size of > 300 g there were a significant difference in growth between males and females (P <0.05), in which males grew faster than females in all populations between 4.74%–5.67% for the standard length and 14.10%–16.52% for the weight characters. IThis result indicated that giant gouramy have growth dimorphism.Therefore, when the selection conducted based on the best growth of top 10%, it was found that the number of male composing 55%–80% was higher than the number of female which only accounted for 20%–45%.

scholarly journals Regulation of chromatin and chromosome morphology by histone H3 modifications in pig oocytes

Reproduction ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Thuy Bui ◽  
Nguyen Van Thuan ◽  
Satoshi Kishigami ◽  
Sayaka Wakayama ◽  
Takafusa Hikichi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oocyte Maturation ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Trichostatin A ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
Histone H3 ◽  
Chromosome Morphology ◽  
Chromosome Condensation ◽  
Oocyte Diameter ◽  
Oocyte Growth

Oocyte growth, maturation, and activation are complex processes that include transcription, heterochromatin formation, chromosome condensation and decondensation, two consecutive chromosome separations, and genomic imprinting. The objective of this study was to investigate changes in histone H3 modifications in relation to chromatin/chromosome morphology in pig oocytes during their growth, maturation, and activation. During the growth phase, histone H3 was acetylated at lysines 9, 14, and 18 (K9, K14, and K18), and became methylated at K9 when the follicles developed to the antral stage (oocyte diameter, 90 μm). When the fully grown oocytes (diameter, 120 μm) started their maturation, histone H3 became phosphorylated at serine 28 (S28) and then at S10, and deacetylated at K9, K14, and K18 as the chromosomes condensed. After the electroactivation of mature oocytes, histone H3 was reacetylated and dephosphorylated concomitant with the decondensation of the chromosomes. Histone H3 kinase activity increased over a similar time course to that of the phosphorylation of histone H3-S28 during oocyte maturation, and this activity decreased as histone H3-S10 and H3-S28 began to be dephosphorylated after the activation of the mature oocytes. These results suggest that the chromatin morphology of pig oocytes is regulated by the acetylation/deacetylation and the phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of histone H3, and the phosphorylation of histone H3 is the key event in meiotic chromosome condensation in oocytes. The inhibition of histone deacetylase with trichostatin A (TSA) inhibited the deacetylation and phosphorylation of histone H3, and chromosome condensation. Therefore, the deacetylation of histone H3 is thought to be required for its phosphorylation in meiosis. Although histone H3 acetylation and phosphorylation were reversible, the histone methylation that was established during the oocyte growth phase was stable throughout the course of oocyte maturation and activation.

scholarly journals The sex ratio, Gonadosomatic Index and Fecundity of the Copper Mahaseer, Neolissochilus hexagonolepis (Mc Clelland, 1839) from Tamor river, Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-55
Author(s):  
S. Subba ◽  
V. K. Mahaseth
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Gonadosomatic Index ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Female Fish ◽  
Male Fish ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
Somatic Index

The sex ratio, Gonado Somatic Index and fecundity of the Copper Mahseer, Neolissochilus hexagonolepis were investigated. The sex ratio was 1:1.2 (Male to female). The gonado-somatic index ranged from 0.084 % to 16.47 % for female fish and 0.086% to 5.81 % for male fish. The highest mean GSI 9.037 % was recorded in July for female fishes and the highest 2.838 % was recorded in September for male fishes.  The total weight and total length of the fishes had strong positive correlation. Also, the correlation between the weight of gonad and GSI was positively correlated.  Absolute fecundity ranged from to 11424. Fecundity had strong positive correlation with total length (r = 0.98), total weight (r= 0.9) and total length (r= 0.88).

scholarly journals Morphometric Aspects of Scad Decapterus macrosoma Bleeker, 1851 in Cape of Salonggar Regency

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mediyanto Samuel Panaha ◽  
Fransine B Manginsela ◽  
Meiske S. Salaki
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Allometric Growth ◽  
Maturity Level ◽  
Female Fish ◽  
Growth Type ◽  
Male Fish ◽  
Total Size ◽  
Gonadal Maturity ◽  
Length Increase ◽  
Immature Fish

This study aims to determine the biological appearance of globe fish that includes size distribution, growth pattern, sex ratio and maturity level of gonad (TKG) in Tanjung Salonggar Melonguane waters of Talaud Islands Regency. Sampling was conducted from May to July 2017. Decapterus macrosoma has found during the study were 268 with total size of 150 - 244 mm and the weight ranged from 34 to 142 grams. Kite fish caught in Tanjung Salonggar has a negative allometric growth type that is the length increase faster than weight gain (b <3). The sex ratio of male fish and female fish is equal to 1: 1, with maturity level of Gonad (TKG) I up to TKG V. The highest gonadal maturity level is found in June and July, both male and female fish, while in May fish which is caught predominantly by an immature fish gonad. Keywords: Biological appearance, Decapterus macrosoma, growth pattern.AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tampilan biologis ikan layang yang meliputi sebaran ukuran, pola pertumbuhan, rasio kelamin dan tingkat kematangan gonad (TKG) di Perairan Tanjung Salonggar Melonguane Kabupaten Kepulauan Talaud. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada bulan Mei sampai bulan Juli 2017. Ikan layang Decapterus macrosoma yang diperoleh selama penelitian sebanyak 268 ekor dengan Sebaran ukuran panjang total 150 – 244 mm dan berat berkisar 34 – 142 gram. Ikan layang yang tertangkap di Tanjung Salonggar memiliki tipe pertumbuhan allometrik negatif yaitu pertambahan panjang lebih cepat dari pertambahan berat (b < 3). Rasio kelamin ikan jantan dan ikan betina adalah seimbang  yaitu 1 : 1, dengan Tingkat Kematangan Gonad  (TKG ) I sampai dengan TKG V. Tingkat kematangan gonad tertinggi ditemukan pada bulan Juni dan Juli, baik ikan jantan maupun ikan betina, sementara pada bulan Mei ikan yang tertangkap didominasi oleh ikan yang belum matang gonad.Kata kunci : Tampilan biologis, Decapterus macrosoma, Pola pertumbuhan.

scholarly journals Spinal Muscular Atrophy after Nusinersen Therapy: Improved Physiology in Pediatric Patients with No Significant Change in Urine, Serum, and Liquor 1H-NMR Metabolomes in Comparison to an Age-Matched, Healthy Cohort

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 206
Author(s):  
Leon Deutsch ◽  
Damjan Osredkar ◽  
Janez Plavec ◽  
Blaž Stres
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Spinal Muscular Atrophy ◽  
1H Nmr ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Muscular Atrophy ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Healthy Cohort ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Urine Serum

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a genetically heterogeneous group of rare neuromuscular diseases and was until recently the most common genetic cause of death in children. The effects of 2-month nusinersen therapy on urine, serum, and liquor 1H-NMR metabolomes in SMA males and females were not explored yet, especially not in comparison to the urine 1H-NMR metabolomes of matching male and female cohorts. In this prospective, single-centered study, urine, serum, and liquor samples were collected from 25 male and female pediatric patients with SMA before and after 2 months of nusinersen therapy and urine samples from a matching healthy cohort (n = 125). Nusinersen intrathecal application was the first therapy for the treatment of SMA by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA). Metabolomes were analyzed using targeted metabolomics utilizing 600 MHz 1H-NMR, parametric and nonparametric multivariate statistical analyses, machine learning, and modeling. Medical assessment before and after nusinersen therapy showed significant improvements of movement, posture, and strength according to various medical tests. No significant differences were found in metabolomes before and after nusinersen therapy in urine, serum, and liquor samples using an ensemble of statistical and machine learning approaches. In comparison to a healthy cohort, 1H-NMR metabolomes of SMA patients contained a reduced number and concentration of urine metabolites and differed significantly between males and females as well. Significantly larger data scatter was observed for SMA patients in comparison to matched healthy controls. Machine learning confirmed urinary creatinine as the most significant, distinguishing SMA patients from the healthy cohort. The positive effects of nusinersen therapy clearly preceded or took place devoid of significant rearrangements in the 1H-NMR metabolomic makeup of serum, urine, and liquor. Urine creatinine was successful at distinguishing SMA patients from the matched healthy cohort, which is a simple systemic novelty linking creatinine and SMA to the physiology of inactivity and diabetes, and it facilitates the monitoring of SMA disease in pediatric patients through non-invasive urine collection.

Infection of American smelt in Lake Ontario and Lake Erie with the microsporidian parasite Glugea hertwigi (Weissenberg)

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 1183-1188 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Chen ◽  
G. Power
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Lake Erie ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Sexual Differences ◽  
Striking Difference ◽  
Female Fish ◽  
Microsporidian Parasite ◽  
Male Fish

In samples taken monthly throughout the year the percentage of American smelt in Lake Ontario and Lake Erie containing cysts of Glugea hertwigi was 5.2% and 62.7% respectively. Sexual differences in incidence were observed, the significance of which was uncertain as results from the two lakes were contradictory.In male fish infection was almost entirely restricted to the digestive tract with few cysts in the liver, skin, and testes. In female fish the digestive tract and ovaries were similarly infected.Seasonal fluctuations in Glugea infection were obvious and seemed correlated with the gonadal cycle. In both sexes the highest parasite load corresponded with the onset of maturation.A striking difference in fecundity between the two smelt populations was attributed to the Glugea infection. In females parasite cysts replaced ovarian tissue, causing a reduction in the number of maturing eggs.

Variation in Weight, Size, and Sex Ratio of Coccinellid Adults (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

1966 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 639-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. C. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Sexual Differences ◽  
Intraspecies Variation ◽  
Food Scarcity ◽  
Food Requirement ◽  
Males And Females

AbstractThe weight and size of coccinellid adults varied with species, sex, and feeding. Intraspecies variation in weight was generally similar in the eight species studied. Females were more variable than males in body size. Females of some species were heavier and larger than males, and species can be classified on a basis of difference in the weight and size of the sexes.An increase in the food supply after a period of food scarcity affected the sex ratio, as the minimum food requirement of females was greater than males. Females increased in weight more rapidly than males after feeding. The availability of food in the field affected the weight and size of some species. Adult water content was influenced by feeding but not by sex or the quantity of food given to the larva.Males were more abundant in species with small sexual differences in weight and size. The degree of difference in weight and size between males and females may be used as a criterion to select species that are best adapted to survive when food is scarce.

Population parameters of ringed seals (Phoca hispida Schreber, 1775) in the Svalbard area

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 1021-1027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Lydersen ◽  
Ian Gjertz
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Ringed Seal ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Population Parameters ◽  
Phoca Hispida ◽  
Age Class ◽  
Ringed Seals ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sexually Mature

Samples were taken from 284 ringed seals (Phoca hispida) in the Svalbard area during April–July 1981 and March–April 1982. The age of 283 seals was determined by reading annuli in the cementum of the canine teeth. The mean age of the males was 11.3 years, and of the females, 14.9 years. Females were found to be significantly older than males. The mean length of sexually mature ringed seals was 128.9 cm for both sexes. The mean weight of adult males and females was 53.5 and 61.4 kg, respectively. Females were found to be significantly heavier than males. The sex ratio was 47.8% males and 52.2% females. Studies of microscopic sections of testis and epididymis from ringed seal males showed that 63, 75, and 80% of 5-, 6-, and 7-year-old animals, respectively, were sexually mature. The weights of testis and epididymis, diameters of tubuli, and the size of testis all showed a marked increase in the 5-year age-class. Macroscopic sections of ovaries from ringed seal females showed that 20, 60, and 80% of 3-, 4-, and 5-year-old animals, respectively, were sexually mature. The size of the ovaries showed a marked increase in the 5-year age-class. The ovulation rate of ringed seals from Svalbard was calculated to be 0.91.

A new male-killing parasitism:Spiroplasmabacteria infect the ladybird beetleAnisosticta novemdecimpunctata(Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

Parasitology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 132 (6) ◽  
pp. 757-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. TINSLEY ◽  
M. E. N. MAJERUS
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Sex Ratios ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Hatch Rate ◽  
Male Killing ◽  
Offspring Sex ◽  
Novel Host ◽  
Males And Females

Whilst most animals invest equally in males and females when they reproduce, a variety of vertically transmitted parasites has evolved the ability to distort the offspring sex ratios of their hosts. One such group of parasites are male-killing bacteria. Here we report the discovery of females of the ladybirdAnisosticta novemdecimpunctatathat produced highly female-biased offspring sex ratios associated with a 50% reduction in egg hatch rate. This trait was maternally transmitted with high efficiency, was antibiotic sensitive and was infectious following experimental haemolymph injection. We identified the cause as a male-killingSpiroplasmabacterium and phylogenetic analysis of rDNA revealed that it belongs to theSpiroplasma ixodetisclade in which other sex ratio distorters lie. We tested the potential for interspecific horizontal transfer by injection from an infectedA. novemdecimpunctataline into uninfected individuals of the two-spot ladybirdAdalia bipunctata. In this novel host, the bacterium was able to establish infection, transmit vertically and kill male embryos.

Studies of the yellow-footed rock-wallaby, Petrogale xanthopus Gray (Marsupialia : Macropodidae). Population studies at Middle Gorge, South Australia

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 473 ◽  
Author(s):  
AC Robinson ◽  
L Lim ◽  
PD Cantry ◽  
RB Jenkins ◽  
CA MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Population Studies ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Effective Rainfall ◽  
Main Study ◽  
Exchange System ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Flinders Ranges ◽  
Significant Bias ◽  
Males And Females

A mark-recapture study of Petrogale xanthopus at Middle Gorge in the southern Flinders Ranges revealed that between January 1979 and January 1984 the estimated known-to-be-alive population ranged from 11 to 20. During the main study, individuals living to an estimated age of six years were recorded. Captures of marked animals after completion of the main study revealed both males and females living to at least 10 years old. Births occurred throughout the year but there appeared to be an increase in births following periods of effective rainfall. For the whole study the sex ratio of pouch young did not vary significantly from 1:1. When individuals that gave birth more than once during the study were examined, there was a significant bias towards male young in the later births. It is suggested that this species has a two-phase reproductive strategy with the extra males, produced by older females, sustaining a male-exchange system with nearby colonies.

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