scholarly journals Biodegradation of the pyrethroid pesticide cyfluthrin by the halophilic bacterium Photobacterium ganghwense isolated from coral reef ecosystem

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
V.S. Jayasree ◽  
K. S. Sobhana ◽  
Priyanka Poulose ◽  
Keerthi R. Babu ◽  
S. Jasmine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Halophilic Bacterium ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Mineral Medium ◽  
Fish Cell ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Gene Sequence Analysis ◽  
Pyrethroid Pesticide ◽  
Ph Conditions ◽  
Epinephelus Malabaricus

A halophilic bacterial strain T14 isolated from the mucus of coral Acropora sp. was found to be highly effective in degrading the pyrethroid pesticide, cyfluthrin. T14 was identified as Photobacterium ganghwense (GenBank Accession No. MT360254) based on phenotypic and biochemical characteristics as well as by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The pyrethroid degrading efficiency of P. ganghwense T14 strain was examined under different culture conditions. It was observed that P. ganghwense T14 was able to utilise cyfluthrin as a sole carbon source and was found to grow on mineral medium with pesticide concentrations ranging from 10 to 100 mg l-1. Optimal temperature and pH conditions for efficient cyfluthrin degradation by P. ganghwense T14 were determined as 30° C and 8 respectively. Degradation of cyfluthrin by P. ganghwense T14 was quantitated by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). Mineral medium supplemented with 100 mg l-1 cyfluthrin and inoculated with P. ganghwense T14 (106 cells ml-1) recorded 92.13% pesticide decomposition within 120 h. Cytotoxicity assay on a fish cell line EM4SpEx derived from the grouper Epinephelus malabaricus, revealed a drastic reduction in cyfluthrin toxicity as evidenced by reduction in the intensity of cell destruction as well as morphological changes when exposed to P. ganghwense T14 treated filtrate, in comparison with that of parent cyfluthrin filtrate. Results of the study clearly indicated potential bioremediative use of P. ganghwense T14 in cyfluthrin contaminated sites.

Cyclobacterium halophilum sp. nov., a marine bacterium isolated from a coastal-marine wetland

2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (Pt_3) ◽  
pp. 1000-1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azadeh Shahinpei ◽  
Mohammad Ali Amoozegar ◽  
Abbas Akhavan Sepahy ◽  
Peter Schumann ◽  
Antonio Ventosa
Keyword(s):  
Marine Bacterium ◽  
Halophilic Bacterium ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Strictly Aerobic ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Coastal Marine ◽  
Gene Sequence Analysis ◽  
Lipid Pattern ◽  
Slightly Halophilic Bacterium

A novel Gram-stain-negative, slightly halophilic bacterium, designated strain GASx41T, was isolated from soil of the coastal–marine wetland Gomishan in Iran. Cells of strain GASx41T were curved, ring-like or horseshoe-shaped rods and non-motile. Strain GASx41T was strictly aerobic, and catalase- and oxidase-positive. The strain was able to grow at NaCl concentrations of 1–10 % (w/v), with optimum growth occurring at 2.5–3 % (w/v) NaCl. The optimum temperature and pH for growth were 25–30 °C and pH 7.5–8.0. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain GASx41T was shown to belong to the genus Cyclobacterium within the phylum Bacteroidetes and showed closest phylogenetic similarity to ‘Cyclobacterium jeungdonense’ HMD3055 (98.0 %). The DNA G+C content of strain GASx41T was 48.1 mol%. The major cellular fatty acids of strain GASx41T were iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 4 (iso-C15 : 0 2-OH and/or C16 : 1ω7c), anteiso-C15 : 0 2-OH, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, and its polar lipid pattern consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine and 12 unknown lipids. The only quinone present was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). All these features confirmed the placement of isolate GASx41T within the genus Cyclobacterium . On the basis of evidence from this study, a novel species of the genus Cyclobacterium , Cyclobacterium halophilum sp. nov., is proposed, with strain GASx41T ( = IBRC-M 10761T = CECT 8341T) as the type strain.

scholarly journals Bacillus halochares sp. nov., a halophilic bacterium isolated from a solar saltern

2010 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 1432-1436 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Pappa ◽  
C. Sánchez-Porro ◽  
P. Lazoura ◽  
A. Kallimanis ◽  
A. Perisynakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Halophilic Bacterium ◽  
Diaminopimelic Acid ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Gram Stain ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequence ◽  
Gene Sequence Analysis ◽  
Lipid Pattern

A novel halophilic bacterium, designated strain MSS4T, was isolated from the solar salterns of Mesolongi, Greece. The micro-organism, a motile, Gram-stain-positive, aerobic rod, proliferated at salinities of 1.0–4.0 M NaCl, with optimal growth at 2.5 M NaCl. Endospores were not observed. Strain MSS4T showed optimal growth at 37 °C and pH 8.0. The G+C content of its DNA was 47.2 mol%. The polar lipid pattern of strain MSS4T consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylethanolamine. It possessed anteiso-C15 : 0, C18 : 0, C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0 as the major fatty acids (altogether representing 84.7 % of the total). The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the new isolate has 96.1 % similarity to Bacillus qingdaonensis CM1T and Bacillus aidingensis 17-5T, 95.5 % to Bacillus salarius BH169T and lower similarity to other Bacillus species. These results justify the assignment of strain MSS4T to a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus halochares sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MSS4T (=LMG 24571T =DSM 21373T).

scholarly journals Dethiosulfovibrio salsuginis sp. nov., an anaerobic, slightly halophilic bacterium isolated from a saline spring

2010 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 850-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Díaz-Cárdenas ◽  
G. López ◽  
B. K. C. Patel ◽  
S. Baena
Keyword(s):  
Halophilic Bacterium ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Strictly Anaerobic ◽  
Chromosomal Dna ◽  
Colombian Andes ◽  
Gene Sequence Analysis ◽  
Curved Rods ◽  
Slightly Halophilic Bacterium ◽  
Nitrate And Nitrite ◽  
Saline Spring

A mesophilic, strictly anaerobic, slightly halophilic bacterium, designated strain USBA 82T, was isolated from a terrestrial saline spring in the Colombian Andes. The non-spore-forming curved rods (5–7×1.3 μm) with pointed or rounded ends, stained Gram-negative and were motile by means of laterally inserted flagella. The strain grew optimally at 30 °C (growth range 20–40 °C), pH 7.3 (growth range pH 5.5–8.5) and 2 % (w/v) NaCl (growth range 0.1–7 % NaCl). The strain fermented peptides, amino acids and a few organic acids, but growth was not observed on carbohydrates, alcohols or fatty acids. The strain reduced thiosulfate and sulfur to sulfide. Sulfate, sulfite, nitrate and nitrite were not used as electron acceptors. On peptone alone, acetate, succinate, propionate and traces of ethanol were formed, but in the presence of thiosulfate, acetate and succinate were formed. The G+C content of the chromosomal DNA was 52 mol% (T m).16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain USBA 82T was affiliated to Dethiosulfovibrio peptidovorans within the phylum Synergistetes with a similarity value of approximately 93 %. Based on the differences between the new strain and the type species of the genus Dethiosulfovibrio, we suggest that strain USBA 82T represents a novel species of the genus for which the name Dethiosulfovibrio salsuginis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is USBA 82T (=DSM 21565T=KCTC 5659T).

Oligosphaera ethanolica gen. nov., sp. nov., an anaerobic, carbohydrate-fermenting bacterium isolated from methanogenic sludge, and description of Oligosphaeria classis nov. in the phylum Lentisphaerae

2013 ◽  
Vol 63 (Pt_2) ◽  
pp. 533-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-Ling Qiu ◽  
Mizuho Muramatsu ◽  
Satoshi Hanada ◽  
Yoichi Kamagata ◽  
Rong-Bo Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Strength ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Gene Sequence Analysis ◽  
Novel Genus And Species ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

A mesophilic, obligately anaerobic, carbohydrate-fermenting bacterium, designated 8KG-4T, was isolated from an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor treating high-strength organic wastewater from salted vegetable production processes. Cells of strain 8KG-4T were non-motile, spherical and 0.7–1.5 µm in diameter (mean, 1.0 µm). Spore formation was not observed under any culture conditions tested. The strain grew optimally at 37 °C (range for growth 25–40 °C) and pH 7.0 (range, pH 6.5–7.5), and could grow fermentatively on glucose, ribose, xylose, galactose and sucrose. The main end products of glucose fermentation were acetate, ethanol and hydrogen. Organic acids, alcohols and amino acids were not utilized for growth. Yeast extract was not required for growth. Nitrate, sulfate, thiosulfate, elemental sulfur, sulfite and Fe(III) nitrilotriacetate were not used as terminal electron acceptors. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 61.1 mol%. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the isolate represented a previously uncultured lineage at the subphylum level within the phylum Lentisphaerae known as ‘WWE2 subgroup I’. The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. Respiratory quinones were not detected. The most abundant polar lipid of strain 8KG-4T was phosphatidylethanolamine. A novel genus and species, Oligosphaera ethanolica gen. nov., sp. nov., is proposed to accommodate strain 8KG-4T ( = JCM 17152T = DSM 24202T  = CGMCC 1.5160T). In addition, we formally propose Oligosphaeria classis nov. and the subordinate taxa Oligosphaerales order nov. and Oligosphaeraceae fam. nov.

scholarly journals Marinobacter halodurans sp. nov., a halophilic bacterium isolated from sediment of a salt flat

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 6294-6300
Author(s):  
Yeonjae Yoo ◽  
Hanbyul Lee ◽  
Bong-Oh Kwon ◽  
Jong Seong Khim ◽  
Seungwoo Baek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Halophilic Bacterium ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Respiratory Quinone ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Salt Flat ◽  
Gene Sequence Analysis ◽  
Type Strains

A Gram-staining-negative, aerobic, cream-coloured, marine bacterium, with rod-shaped cells, designated strain YJ-S3-2T, was isolated from salt flat sediment of Yongyu-do, Republic of Korea. YJ-S3-2T grew at pH 5.0–9.0 (optimum pH 7.0), 4–45 °C (optimum 30 °C) and with 1–18 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 6 %). The results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that YJ-S3-2T was closely related to Marinobacter segnicrescens SS011B1-4T (97.0 %) followed by, ' Marinobacter nanhaiticus ' D15-8W (96.7 %), Marinobacter bryozoorum 50-11T (96.7 %), Marinobacter koreensis DSMZ 179240T T (96.5 %) and Marinobacter bohaiensis T17T (96.5 %). The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and the genome to genome distance calculator (GGDC) estimate values between YJ-S3-2T and related type strains were 73.7–79.8 and 19.9–22.5 %, and also 73.5 and 20.7 % with Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus . YJ-S3-2T was characterized as having Q-9 as the predominant respiratory quinone and the principal fatty acids (>10 %) were C16 : 0 (22.3 %), summed feature 9 (C17 : 1iso ω9c/C16 : 0 10-methyl, 13.8 %) and 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c, 11.9 %). The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified aminolipids and two unidentified phospholipids. The DNA G+C content of YJ-S3-2T is 60.9 mol%. On the basis of the polyphasic taxonomic evidence presented in this study, YJ-S3-2T should be classified as representing a novel species within the genus Marinobacter , for which name Marinobacter halodurans sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain YJ-S3-2T (=KACC 19883T=KCTC 62937T=JCM 33109T).

Ultrastructural Study of a differentiating human colon carcinoma cell line

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-209
Author(s):  
Sylvie Polak-Charcon ◽  
Mehrdad Hekmati ◽  
Yehuda Ben Shaul
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Human Colon ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Human Colon Carcinoma Cell ◽  
Colon Cell

The epithelium of normal human colon mucosa “in vivo” exhibits a gradual pattern of differentiation as undifferentiated stem cells from the base of the crypt of “lieberkuhn” rapidly divide, differentiate and migrate toward the free surface. The major differentiated cell type of the intestine observed are: absorptive cells displaying brush border, goblet cells containing mucous granules, Paneth and endocrine cells containing dense secretory granules. These different cell types are also found in the intestine of the 13-14 week old embryo.We present here morphological evidence showing that HT29, an adenocarcinoma of the human colon cell line, can differentiate into various cell types by changing the growth and culture conditions and mimic morphological changes found during development of the intestine in the human embryo.HT29 cells grown in tissue-culture dishes in DMEM and 10% FCS form at late confluence a multilayer of morphologically undifferentiated cell culture covered with irregular microvilli, and devoid of tight junctions (Figs 1-3).

scholarly journals Phyllobacterium loti sp. nov. isolated from nodules of Lotus corniculatus

2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (Pt_3) ◽  
pp. 781-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maximo Sánchez ◽  
Martha-Helena Ramírez-Bahena ◽  
Alvaro Peix ◽  
María J. Lorite ◽  
Juan Sanjuán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
The 16S Rrna Gene

Strain S658T was isolated from a Lotus corniculatus nodule in a soil sample obtained in Uruguay. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene and atpD gene showed that this strain clustered within the genus Phyllobacterium . The closest related species was, in both cases, Phyllobacterium trifolii PETP02T with 99.8 % sequence similarity in the 16S rRNA gene and 96.1 % in the atpD gene. The 16S rRNA gene contains an insert at the beginning of the sequence that has no similarities with other inserts present in the same gene in described rhizobial species. Ubiquinone Q-10 was the only quinone detected. Strain S658T differed from its closest relatives through its growth in diverse culture conditions and in the assimilation of several carbon sources. It was not able to reproduce nodules in Lotus corniculatus. The results of DNA–DNA hybridization, phenotypic tests and fatty acid analyses confirmed that this strain should be classified as a representative of a novel species of the genus Phyllobacterium , for which the name Phyllobacterium loti sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is S658T( = LMG 27289T = CECT 8230T).

scholarly journals Streptohalobacillus salinus gen. nov., sp. nov., a moderately halophilic, Gram-positive, facultative anaerobe isolated from subsurface saline soil

2011 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 1127-1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaowei Wang ◽  
Yanfen Xue ◽  
Yanhe Ma
Keyword(s):  
Saline Soil ◽  
Qaidam Basin ◽  
Halophilic Bacterium ◽  
Diaminopimelic Acid ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequences ◽  
Moderately Halophilic ◽  
Moderately Halophilic Bacterium ◽  
The Family ◽  
Diamino Acid

A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, non-sporulating, motile and moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain H96B60T, was isolated from a saline soil sample of the Qaidam basin, China. The strain was facultatively anaerobic. Major end products formed from glucose fermentation were acetate, ethanol and lactic acid. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. The isoprenoid quinone component was menaquinone-6 (MK-6). The predominant cellular fatty acids were C16 : 0, anteiso-C13 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain H96B60T was 36.2 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on comparative 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain H96B60T represented a novel phyletic lineage within the family Bacillaceae and was related most closely to Halolactibacillus species (96.1–96.4 % similarity). Based on the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data presented, strain H96B60T is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Streptohalobacillus salinus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Streptohalobacillus salinus is H96B60T ( = DSM 22440T  = CGMCC 1.7733T).

scholarly journals Syntrophorhabdus aromaticivorans gen. nov., sp. nov., the First Cultured Anaerobe Capable of Degrading Phenol to Acetate in Obligate Syntrophic Associations with a Hydrogenotrophic Methanogen

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
pp. 2051-2058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-Ling Qiu ◽  
Satoshi Hanada ◽  
Akiyoshi Ohashi ◽  
Hideki Harada ◽  
Yoichi Kamagata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Phenol Degradation ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Cluster Group ◽  
New Family ◽  
Gene Sequence Analysis ◽  
Fermentative Growth ◽  
Degradation Reaction ◽  
Transient Intermediates

ABSTRACT Phenol degradation under methanogenic conditions has long been studied, but the anaerobes responsible for the degradation reaction are still largely unknown. An anaerobe, designated strain UIT, was isolated in a pure syntrophic culture. This isolate is the first tangible, obligately anaerobic, syntrophic substrate-degrading organism capable of oxidizing phenol in association with an H2-scavenging methanogen partner. Besides phenol, it could metabolize p-cresol, 4-hydroxybenzoate, isophthalate, and benzoate. During the degradation of phenol, a small amount of 4-hydroxybenzoate (a maximum of 4 μM) and benzoate (a maximum of 11 μM) were formed as transient intermediates. When 4-hydroxybenzoate was used as the substrate, phenol (maximum, 20 μM) and benzoate (maximum, 92 μM) were detected as intermediates, which were then further degraded to acetate and methane by the coculture. No substrates were found to support the fermentative growth of strain UIT in pure culture, although 88 different substrates were tested for growth. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain UIT belongs to an uncultured clone cluster (group TA) at the family (or order) level in the class Deltaproteobacteria. Syntrophorhabdus aromaticivorans gen. nov., sp. nov., is proposed for strain UIT, and the novel family Syntrophorhabdaceae fam. nov. is described. Peripheral 16S rRNA gene sequences in the databases indicated that the proposed new family Syntrophorhabdaceae is largely represented by abundant bacteria within anaerobic ecosystems mainly decomposing aromatic compounds.

scholarly journals Sphingobacterium yanglingense sp. nov., isolated from the nodule surface of soybean

2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (Pt_11) ◽  
pp. 3862-3866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi Peng ◽  
Dong Dan Hong ◽  
Yang Bing Xin ◽  
Li Ming Jun ◽  
Wei Ge Hong
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Polar Lipids ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical Characteristics ◽  
Gene Sequence Analysis ◽  
Type Strains

A Gram-staining-negative, non-motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive strain, designated CCNWSP36-1T, was isolated from the nodule surface of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] cultivar Zhonghuang 13. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis clearly showed that the isolate represented a member of the genus Sphingobacterium . On the basis of pairwise comparisons of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain CCNWSP36-1T showed 96.8 % similarity to Sphingobacterium nematocida CCTCC AB 2010390T and less than 95.2 % similarity to other members of the genus Sphingobacterium . Growth of strain CCNWSP36-1T occurred at 10–40 °C and at pH 5.0–9.0. The NaCl range (w/v) for growth was 0–4 %. The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. The polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine and several unidentified polar lipids. Sphingolipid was present. The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c). The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 41.1 mol%. As the physiological and biochemical characteristics of strain CCNWSP36-1T and the type strains of its closest phylogenetic neighbours showed clear differences, a novel species, Sphingobacterium yanglingense, is proposed. The type strain is CCNWSP36-1T ( = ACCC 19328T = JCM 30166T).

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