Pengaruh Asam Salisilat dan K2HPO4 Pada Ketahanan Tanaman Kentang Terhadap Penyakit Busuk Daun di Musim Penghujan (The Effect of Salicylic Acid and K2HPO4 on the Resistance of Potato Plant to Late Blight in Rainy Season)

Kentang merupakan tanaman pangan bernilai ekonomi tinggi yang rentan terhadap serangan busuk daun (Phytophthora infestans) pada musim penghujan. Penggunaan pestisida sintetik hasilnya belum memuaskan sehingga perlu dilakukan induksi ketahanan terhadap serangan penyakit. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian asam salisilat dan K2HPO4 dalam meningkatkan ketahanan tanaman kentang pada musim penghujan terhadap penyakit busuk daun. Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Berastagi pada ketinggian tempat 1.340 m dpl. pada bulan September sampai dengan Desember 2015. Tata letak percobaan disusun berdasarkan rancangan acak kelompok dua faktor dengan tiga ulangan dan 18 kombinasi perlakuan. Faktor pertama adalah dosis asam salisilat (a0 = 0, a1 = 0,1g/L, a2 = 0,2 g/L, a3 = 0,3 g/L, a4 = 0,4 g/L, dan a5 = 0,2 g/L propineb). Faktor kedua adalah dosis K2HPO4 (k0 = kontrol, k1 = 0,1 g/L, k2 = 0,2 g/L). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi perlakuan 0,1 g/L asam salisilat dan 0,1 g/L K2HPO4 merupakan perlakuan terbaik menurunkan intensitas penyakit P. infestans dan kerusakan umbi kentang. Intensitas penyakit sampai 9 minggu setelah aplikasi hanya 7,46%, sedangkan kerusakan umbi hanya sebesar 0,35%. Jumlah umbi dan persentase kelas umbi per tanaman hanya dipengaruhi oleh K2HPO4, sedangkan bobot umbi tidak dipengaruhi kedua perlakuan. KeywordsKentang; Asam salisilat; K2HPO4; Ketahanan; Musim penghujanAbstractPotatoes are high economic value crops that are vulnerable to the attack of late blight (Phytophthora infestans) in the rainy season. The use of synthetic pesticides has not been satisfactory, so that should be induced for the disease resistance. The objective of the research was to determine the giving effect of salicylic acid and K2HPO4 in improving the resilience of the potato crop in the rainy season to late blight. The study was conducted at Berastagi Experimental Garden in altitude 1,340 meters above sea level, from September to December 2015. The layout of the trial is based on two factor randomized complete block design with three replications and 18 combination treatments. The first factor is the dose of salicylic acid (A0 = 0, A1 = 0,1g/L, A2 = 0,2 g/L, A3 = 0,3 g/L, A4 = 0,4 g/L and A5 = 0,2 g/L propineb), the second factor is the dose K 2HPO4 (K0 = control, K1 = 0.1 g/L, K2 = 0.2 g / L). The results showed that the combination treatment of 0.1 g/L of salicylic acid and 0,1 g/L K2HPO4 is the best treatment because it can reduce the intensity of the Phytophthora infestans disease and potato tuber damage. The disease intensity up to 9 weeks after application only 7.46%, while the tuber damage only 0.35%. The number and percentage of class tubers per plant only affected by K2HPO4, while the tuber weight was not influenced both treatments.

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Genotype reaction of Solanum tuberosum, andigena and phureja groups to late blight (Phytophthora infestans Mont. De Bary)

Revista de Ciencias Agrícolas ◽

10.22267/rcia.193602.113 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 36 (E) ◽

pp. 138-157

Author(s):

Jennyfer Moncayo ◽

Roberth Delgado ◽

Carlos Marcillo ◽

Claudia Salazar ◽

Carlos Betancourth

Keyword(s):

Solanum Tuberosum ◽

Late Blight ◽

Phytophthora Infestans ◽

Potato Crop ◽

Block Design ◽

Food Product ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Late Blight Disease ◽

Disease Effect ◽

Blight Disease

Potato crop is the fourth main food product in the world, but is affected by Phytophthora infestans, the late blight disease causal agent. This research was carried out in a town of Pasto high plateau, South of Colombia. In order to evaluate the reaction of different genotypes of creole potato (Solanum tuberosum groups Phureja and Andigena) with regard the disease. A Randomized Complete Block design was established with three repetitions, where 30 genotypes were distributed and three plants were evaluated per repetition during two crop cycles in natural exposure to the pathogen. To assess the disease effect on production, the same genotypes were maintained with chemical control in an adjacent batch. Genotypes classified as tolerant are Chaucha Manzana, Cachuda, Criolla Colombia, Malvaseña, Andina and Criolla, during the first cycle with performance values between 23 to 26t.ha-1 and during the second to Calavera Negra, Chaucha Paisa, Ratona, Criolla Galeras, Ratona Roja, Tornilla Roja and Aguacata with performance values between 23 to 28t.ha-1. The graphic severity scale allowed genotypes to be categorized as susceptible and highly susceptible. The results indicate that for the prevalent pathogen race in this study area, there are no resistance sources within the studied collection. However, genotypes such as Criolla Colombia and Andina showed a better performance in terms of yield.

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Genotype reaction of Solanum tuberosum, andigena and phureja groups to late blight (Phytophthora infestans Mont. De Bary)

Revista de Ciencias Agrícolas ◽

10.22267/rcia.1936e.113 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 36 (E) ◽

pp. 138-157

Author(s):

Jennyfer Moncayo ◽

Roberth Delgado ◽

Carlos Marcillo ◽

Claudia Salazar ◽

Carlos Betancourth

Keyword(s):

Solanum Tuberosum ◽

Late Blight ◽

Phytophthora Infestans ◽

Potato Crop ◽

Block Design ◽

Food Product ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Late Blight Disease ◽

Disease Effect ◽

Blight Disease

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UJI KETAHANAN GALUR-GALUR KENTANG TRANSGENIK HASIL TRANSFORMASI DENGAN GEN RB TERHADAP PENYAKIT HAWAR DAUN (PHYTOPHTHORA INFESTANS) DI KP PASIRSARONGGE, CIANJUR

JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA ◽

10.23960/j.hptt.213141-150 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 141-150

Author(s):

Edy Listanto ◽

M. Herman ◽

Eri Sofiari

Keyword(s):

Late Blight ◽

Phytophthora Infestans ◽

First Generation ◽

Block Design ◽

Transgenic Potato ◽

Resistant Plant ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Transgenic Lines ◽

Transgenic Potatoes ◽

Rb Gene

Resistance test strains of transgenic potatoes transformed with RB gene to late blight (Phytophthora infestan) in KP Pasirsarongge, Cianjur. Potato late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans (P. infestans) (Mönt.) de Barry continues to be one of the most important crop diseases of all time. Genetic engineering of potato using RB gene for resistant plant to this disease is the most effective and environmental friendly to prevent widespread of late blight. This research aims to perform resistance of transgenic potato lines containing RB gene to lateblight (P. infestans) in Pasirsarongge, Cianjur field trial station. The first generation of transgenic lines were planted on polybag containing soil:manures using randomized complete block design. Tested plant inoculation was done naturaly from inoculum source from border row (Granola) that has been planted at one month before. The symptom was observed at one month after planting and damage scoring was done every three days for five times. Twenty two transgenic lines of tested plant showed various resistance respond to late blight (P. infestans) attack. Three transgenic lines showed highly resistance to late blight (P. infestans) were lines 11, 24, and 25, one transgenic line has resistant level was line 6.

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PSII-9 Drylot weaned calves at dry-to-rainy transition and rainy season and their effects on the growing phase

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa278.705 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽

pp. 401-402

Author(s):

Felipe A Nascimento ◽

Laura F Prados ◽

Luciana M Sousa ◽

Ivanna M Oliveira ◽

Flávio D Resende ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rainy Season ◽

Transition Period ◽

Block Design ◽

Mineral Salt ◽

Energy Supplement ◽

Protein Energy ◽

Nutritional Strategy ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Energy Supplementation

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the best nutritional strategy for weaned calves at dry-to-rainy transition and rainy season and their effects on the growing phase. One hundred sixteen Nellore weaned males (initial BW of 173±23 kg; 10 months) were used in a randomized complete block design (blocked by BW) in a 2×2 factorial arrangement of treatments (divided in 12 lots with 9 or 10 animals/lot). Factor 1 was the strategy in the dry-to-rainy season transition (period I; pasture vs. drylot) and factor 2 was the strategy for the rainy season [period II; mineral salt ad libitum (MS) vs. supplement 3 g/kg BW]; consisting of four treatments: pasture in period I and MS in period II; pasture in period I and protein-energy supplement in period II (PEII); drylot in period I and mineral salt in period II; drylot in period I and PEII. At period I, all animals received a protein-energy supplementation (5 g/kg BW). The experiment lasted 244 days. Data were analyzed using the PROC MIXED of SAS. In period I, animals from drylot had highest final BW and ADG (P < 0.01; Table 1). There was no interaction among factors (P ≥ 0.772) in period II. In period II, ADG and carcass gain were highest from pasture animals (P < 0.01). Final BW and HCW were similar (P >0.788) at the end of period II, showing that animals recovery BW. Among strategies at rainy season, animals fed PEII had greater final BW and ADG (P < 0.01). Overall growing phase, HCW and carcass gain were greater for animals fed PEII (P < 0.01). Regardless of the strategy used in the dry-to-rainy season transition, animals were able to equalize final BW at the end of growing phase. In addition, protein-energy supplement at rainy season improves animal performance at the end of growing phase.

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Uji Ketahanan Klon Kentang Hasil Pesilangan Atlantic x Repita terhadap Penyakit Hawar Daun Phytophthora infestans

Agrikultura ◽

10.24198/agrikultura.v29i2.20806 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 100

Author(s):

Helmi Kurniawan ◽

Ineu Sulastrini ◽

Tarkus Suganda

Keyword(s):

Late Blight ◽

Phytophthora Infestans ◽

Field Test ◽

Block Design ◽

Environmentally Friendly ◽

Statistical Test ◽

The Other ◽

Resistant Variety ◽

Resistance Level ◽

Randomized Block Design

ABSTRACTResistance Test of Potato Clones Derived from Crossing of Atlantic x Repita to Late Blight (Phytophthora infestans)Late blight, incited by Phytophthora infestans is the most destructive disease of potato. The management that is effective and environmentally-friendly is the use of resistant variety. The objective of this study was to test the resistance of the six potato clones (AR 04, AR 05, AR 06, AR 07, AR 08 and AR 09) derived from crossing var. Atlantic x var. Repita to late blight caused by P. infestans. Var. Atlantic, Repita and Granola were used as susceptible, resistant and susceptible but the most-grown variety, respectively. Field test was located in Ciwidey, one of the potato growing center where late blight is endemic since potatoes are continuously grown. The treatments were arranged in a randomized block design with 3 replicates. The result showed that clones AR 07 and AR 08 were more resistant than the other potato clones, but it still below the resistance level var. Repita. However, based on statistical test on the diseases development (AUDPC), clone AR 08 could be categorized as resistant, equal with of the resistance level of var. Repita.Keywords: Potato clones, Rsistance, P. infestansABSTRAKPenyakit hawar daun yang disebabkan Phytopthora infestans merupakan penyakit utama pada tanaman kentang. Pengendalian yang efektif dan ramah lingkungan adalah dengan penanaman varietas tahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji ketahanan 6 klon kentang (AR 4, AR5, AR6, AR7, AR 8, dan AR9) yang merupakan hasil persilangan antara var. Atlantic (produksi tinggi tetapi rentan) dengan var. Repita, sebagai tetua tahan terhadap penyakit hawar daun yang disebabkan oleh P. infestans. Varietas Atlantic, Repita dan Granola digunakan sebagai pembanding. Pengujian ketahanan dilakukan di Ciwidey, yang merupakan salah satu sentra produksi kentang di Jawa Barat dan endemik penyakit hawar daun. Perlakuan ditata menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan 3 ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa klon AR 07 dan Klon AR 08 memiliki ketahanan yang lebih baik dibanding klon-klon kentang lainnya, namun tingkat ketahanannya masih di bawah cv Repita. Namun, berdasarkan uji statistik terhadap nilai perkembangan penyakit (AUDPC) klon AR 08 dapat dikategorikan tahan, sama dengan derajat tahan var. Repita.Kata Kunci: Klon kentang, Ketahanan, P. infestans

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Influence of Establishment Methods on Yield and Yield Parameters of Finger Millet (Eleusine Coracana L. Gaertn) in Ward 24, Zaka District

Agricultural Science ◽

10.30560/as.v1n1p47 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. p47

Author(s):

Nyasha Sakadzo ◽

Gift Bvekwa ◽

Kasirayi Makaza

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Rainy Season ◽

Finger Millet ◽

Block Design ◽

Eleusine Coracana ◽

Tiller Number ◽

Yield Parameters ◽

Establishment Method ◽

Panicle Number ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design

Finger millet is a climate compliant crop; its production remains low due to poor establishment methods. A field experiment was conducted during the rainy season of 2018/19 at Dorcas Charare plot in ward 24, Zaka district to investigate the effects of establishment methods on yield and yield parameters of finger millet (Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn). The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three treatments namely broadcasting, hand drilling and transplanting replicated three times. Results on grain yield showed that transplanting method had the highest yield of 0.51t/ha whilst drilling and broadcasting scored 0.40t/ha and 0.35t/ha respectively. Transplanting method significantly (p<0.05) influenced higher number of tillers (7.13) per hill followed by drilling (2.40) and lastly broadcasting (2.13). Significant differences (p<0.05) were noted on panicle number with transplanting scoring the highest (8.13) and broadcasting the lowest (3.13). It can be concluded from the study that transplanting method realized a higher panicle number, tiller number and grain yield. Farmers must adopt transplanting as an establishment method in finger millet production.

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Tuber yield and economic result of ‘Atlantic’ potato in response to NPK fertilizer formulas

Horticultura Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-053620190403 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 37 (4) ◽

pp. 379-383

Author(s):

Renato Yagi ◽

Rogério P Soratto ◽

Nilceu RX de Nazareno ◽

Henrique L da Silva ◽

Alexandre de C Dzierwa

Keyword(s):

Specific Gravity ◽

Soil Fertility ◽

Tuber Yield ◽

Potato Crop ◽

Block Design ◽

Operational Efficiency ◽

Marketable Tuber ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Npk Fertilizer ◽

Fertilizer Rates

ABSTRACT The usual application of high 4-14-8 NPK fertilizer rates in the potato planting furrows, independently of the soil fertility or nutritional cultivar requirements, has become a paradigm in Brazil. However, the 4-14-8 NPK formula does not always meet the crop needs, and can unbalance the availability of nutrients in the soil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the tuber yield and economic results of ‘Atlantic’ potato as affected by rates of 4-14-8 and 6-30-6 NPK formulas applied in the planting furrows. The rates of both NPK formulas were calculated to reach P2O5 rates of 210, 420, and 630 kg ha-1. At each P2O5 rate, the 6-30-6 formula resulted in less 30% N and 65% K2O in the planting furrow compared to 4-14-8 formula. A randomized complete block design in a factorial scheme (2×3)+1, including an unfertilized furrow control, with three replications was used. Only the use of 6-30-6 formula increased the total tuber yield of ‘Atlantic’ potato. The marketable tuber yield reached higher levels (29.8 t ha-1) with higher P2O5 rate (440 kg ha-1) using the 6-30-6 than 4-14-8 formula. The fertilizer rates and formulas NPK did not affect specific gravity of marketable tubers. Therefore, the use of a fertilizer more concentrated in P2O5 that favors smaller contributions of N and K (as the 6-30-6 formula studied in this work) provides lower costs, and greater operational efficiency and profits in relation to the 4-14-8 formula traditionally used for the potato crop.

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Irish Potato, Control of Potato Infesting Aphids, 1993

Arthropod Management Tests ◽

10.1093/amt/19.1.120 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 120-121

Author(s):

Gary H. Sewell ◽

Richard H. Storch

Keyword(s):

Late Blight ◽

Block Design ◽

Irish Potato ◽

Monthly Rainfall ◽

Plastic Tube ◽

Average Temperature ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Presque Isle

Abstract The experiment was a randomized complete block design replicated six times and was conducted at Presque Isle, ME on land that was in clover in 1992. It was planted 21 May. The 3.0 m space between blocks and the 1.8 m space between the four-row plots were sown to oats on 1 Jul. All rows were planted with an assisted-feed planter 0.9 m apart and 15.0 m long and the healthy whole Katahdin seed (ca. 75 g) were 30 cm apart. Fertilizer and hilling practices were normal for the area. Early and late blight were controlled by seven foliar applications of a flowable maneb (4F) (2.3 to 3.5 liter/ha). Furrow granular applications of insecticides were made by hand with a plastic tube applying previously weighed amounts of insecticide. Furrow liquids were applied with a sprinkle can. Foliar insecticide applications were made with a Century boom sprayer, three nozzles per row at 6.3 kg/cm2 pressure and 0.94 kliter/ha. Numbers of aphids (by species) were counted on a top, a middle, and a bottom leaf on 25 plants in the middle rows of each plot. When dates of count and application were the same, aphid counts were made prior to applications of the insecticide. Analyses of variance were calculated following transformation of the data using log10)(x + 1). Transformed means of the total number of wingless aphids were compared using Fisher’s LSD Test and then applied to the actual means. The soil was classified as Caribou Loam, pH 5.2. Total monthly rainfall for Jun, Jul, and Aug was respectively 14.0, 5.0, 7.6 cm. The average temperature for each of the same 3 months was 15.0, 18.5 and 19.0 °C.

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THE EFFECTS OF LIQUID ORGANIC FERTILIZER VARIOUS AND Trichoderma Sp. ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF RED CABBAGE (Brassica oleraceae var. capitata forma rubra L.)

Agrivet ◽

10.31315/agrivet.v25i1.4144 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Ceria Dika Pertiwi ◽

Heti Herastuti ◽

Susilowati .

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Economic Value ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Red Cabbage ◽

Trichoderma Sp ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Cow Urine ◽

Brassica Oleraceae ◽

Range Test

Red cabbage is one of the vegetables that has a lot of nutrition content and it has a high economic value. This research aims to examine liquid organic fertilizer various and Trichoderma sp. on the growth and yeild of red gabbage (Brassica oleraceae var. capitata forma rubra L.). The research was conducted in May until July 2017 at Weron, Umbulharjo Village, Cangkringan, Sleman. This research used randomized complete block design (RCBD), 4 x 2 with four replications. The first factor was various of liquid organic fertilizer consists four variances: without liquid organic fertilizer, cow urine, bamboo root, and glereside. The second factor was Trichoderma sp. consists two variancese: without Trichoderma sp., and with Trichoderma sp. The observation result was analyzed by using Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 5% level. The result showed that there were an interaction between liquid organic fertilizer various and Trichoderma sp. on the plant height at 42 days (the days after planting), the leaves number at 42 days (the days after planting), the root lenght, the roots number, and the crop weight of red cabbage. The treatment combination of cow urine and Trichoderma sp. gave the best crop weight compared to other treatments. There was no significant effect on vitamin C and vitamin A content in the red cabbage.Keyword: red cabbage, liquid organic fertilizer, Tricoderma sp.

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Infection of Potatoes by Oospores of Phytophthora infestans in Soil

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.1999.83.9.876c ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 83 (9) ◽

pp. 876-876 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

A. Strömberg ◽

L. Persson ◽

M. Wikström

Keyword(s):

Late Blight ◽

Phytophthora Infestans ◽

Mating Type ◽

Potato Crop ◽

Selective Medium ◽

Day Length ◽

Talcum Powder ◽

Soil P ◽

Nodal Cuttings

Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, causing late blight on potatoes and considered to be a typical airborne disease, was found to be infective also by oospores in the soil. P. infestans is heterothallic, and is known to reproduce asexually in Sweden since only one mating type, A1, was present until 1986. Since the 1970s, the other mating type, A2, of P. infestans has migrated to most parts of the world from its original location in central Mexico (2). When A1 and A2 meet, they may form oospores, which are thick-walled, resting structures, giving the pathogen a possibility to recombine as well as survive without its host, for instance in the soil. The soil stages of the pathogen are now therefore under intense investigation. Oospores of P. infestans were produced from two Scandinavian A1 and A2 isolates in Rye A broth mixed with talcum powder and dried for 7 weeks. The inoculum was mixed with sterile, standardized soil in concentrations of 10, 150, 250, and 400 oospores per ml of soil. Cv. Bintje plants cultivated in vitro from nodal cuttings on Murashige and Skoog medium were transplanted to the soil after rooting. Brown discolorations were obtained on the underground stems and tubers on potato plants grown in the two highest concentrations of oospores for 1 month at 15°C and 16-h day length. After 3 days of incubation on P. infestans-selective medium (3), sporangia covered the tissue from plants grown in 250 and 400 oospores per ml of soil and the pathogen was reisolated. This shows that germinating oospores of P. infestans can infect underground stems and tubers of potatoes in soil and further explains the early attack of late blight as observed in a potato crop in Sweden 1996 and 1997 (1). References: (1) B. Andersson et al. Potato Res. 41:305, 1998. (2) D. Andrivon. Phytopathology 85:1053, 1995. (3) G. W. Griffith et al. Mycologist 9:87, 1995.

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