scholarly journals NGENGAT PARASITOID (Lepidoptera : Epipyropidae) PADA WERENG PUCUK METE DI PERTANAMAN JAMBU METE DI PULAU LOMBOK

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
BAMBANG SUPENO ◽  
DAMAYANTI BUCHORI ◽  
PUDJIANTO PUDJIANTO ◽  
UTOMO KARTOSUWONDO ◽  
CHRISTIAN H. SCHULZE
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Anacardium Occidentale ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
First Report ◽  
Lombok Island

<p>ABSTRAK</p><p>Wereng pucuk mete, Sanurus indecora (Homoptera : Flatidae),merupakan hama utama tanaman jambu mete di pulau Lombok. Berbagaicara pengendalian telah dilakukan baik secara kimiawi maupun biologi.Pengendalian biologis yang telah banyak digunakan adalah pemanfaatandan eksplorasi musuh alami yang mencakup parasitoid, patogen danpredator. Salah satu musuh alami wereng daun (leafhoppers) dan werengpohon (planthoppers) yang masih belum diteliti di Indonesia dan baru 20spesies yang ada di di dunia adalah Epipyropidae. Ektoparasitoid familiEpipyropidae yang berasosiasi dengan imago S. indecora telah ditemukanpertama di Indonesia, khususnya di Pulau Lombok. Tujuan penelitian iniadalah untuk mengetahui keberadaan ngengat parasitoid pada inang S.indecora pada pertanaman jambu mete di lahan kering Pulau Lombok.Penelitian ini difokuskan pada dua kegiatan utama, yaitu pengambilansampel di lapang dan pengamatan laboratorium. Lokasi penelitian beradadi tiga desa di wilayah Kecamatan Gangga, Kayangan, dan Bayan.Penelitian dilakukan selama musim kemarau 2007 (Mei hingga Oktober2007) dan musim hujan (November 2007 hingga April 2008) di tiga kebunjambu mete milik petani yang ditanam secara monokultur. Dari penelitianini dapat diberikan beberapa kesimpulan, yaitu : wereng pucuk mete S.indecora berkembang baik pada musim kemarau (April hingga September)dan cenderung menurun pada saat musim hujan (Oktober hingga Maret),dengan populasi tinggi dicapai pada bulan Agustus hingga Oktober 2007.Larva ektoparasitoid Epypiropidae menyerang S. indecora jantan danbetina yang bersifat soliter dan atau gregarius. Laju parasitisasiEpipyropidae pada S. indecora jantan lebih kecil daripada betina, yaituberkisar 5,89 – 12,16% dan betina berkisar 15,23 – 19,23%. LarvaEpipyropidae tidak dapat menekan laju pertumbuhan populasi S. indecoradi pertanaman monokultur jambu mete di pulau Lombok. Denganperkataan lain bahwa semakin tinggi populasi S. indecora semakin rendahlaju parasitisasi yang ditemukan.</p><p>Kata kunci : Anacardium occidentale, Sanurus indecora, ngengatparasitoid, Epipyropidae</p><p>ABSTRACT</p><p>Parasitoid moth (Lepidoptera : Epipyropidae) on cashewplanthopper at cashew plantation in LombokSanurus indecora Jacobi is a serious pest attacking cashewplantation in Lombok Island. A number of natural enemies of flatids werefound on cashew plantation such as predator, pathogen, and parasitoid. Allmembers  of  Epipyropidae  (Lepidoptera)  are  ectoparasitoid  onplanthoppers and leafhoppers (Homoptera). The first report onEpipyropidae in Indonesia was documented, in Lombok whereEpipyropidae parasitized S. indecora. Study was conducted to determinethe prevalence of parasitoid moth on S. indecora at Lombok uplandcashew plantations. This experiment was conducted on May 2007 untilApril 2008 in three village areas of Gangga, Kayangan, and Bayandistricts. The results showed that population of Sanurus indecora increasesgradually from April until October (dry season) and decreases fromNovember until March (rainy season), with the highest population occursin August to October. Epipyropidae attacks both male and female of S.indecora J. Parasitation rate of male ranges from 0.38 – 46.00% with anaverage of 8.96%. Parasitation rate of female varies from 8.77 - 38.52%with an average of 17.45%. Epipyropidae is a solitary and or gregariousparasitoid. The parasitation rate was negatively correlated with S. indecorapopulation. The numbers of Epipyropidae larvae were correlated with thenumbers of S. indecora infected.</p><p>Key words : Anacardium occidentale, Sanurus indecora, parasitoid moth,Epipyropidae</p>

scholarly journals PERANAN SEMUT (Oecophylla smaragdina dan Dolichoderus sp.) DALAM PENGENDALIAN Helopeltis spp., dan Sanurus indecora PADA JAMBU METE

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
ELNA KARMAWATI ◽  
E. A. WIKARDI
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Anacardium Occidentale ◽  
Oecophylla Smaragdina

<p>Serangga berperan penting pada petumbuhan dan perkembangan serta produktivitas tanaman jambu mete. Di daerah Lombok, Nusa Tcnggara Barat telah diidcntiikasi lebih dari 90 jenis serangga yang meliputi serangga hama, musuh alami, penyerbuk dan serangga lainnya. Helopeltis spp. dan S. indecora merupakan serangga hama yang menonjol di wilayah tersebut. Beberapa musuh alami juga telah ditemukan, terutama semut yang bcrfungsi sebagai predator bagi Helopeltis spp. Akhir-akhir ini ketiga jenis serangga tersebut sering bcrada bersamaan dalam satu tanaman. Oleh sebab itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pcranan semut dan intcraksinya dengan Helopeltis spp. dan S. indecora. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Dusun Sambik Rindang dan Sambik Jengkel, Lombok Barat dai bulan Mei sampai dengan Nopember 2003 Penelitian tcrdiri atas 3 kegiatan yang satu sama lain saling menunjang, yaitu (a) penelitian lapang, (b) penelitian semi lapang, dan (c) penelitian rumah kaca/pot. Pada penelitian lapang keadaan lingkungan tidak dikendalikan. pengamatan dilakukan dengan penarikan contoh. Penelitian lapang ditunjang oleh penelitian semi lapang, yaitu hanya salah satu faktor lingkungan yang dikendalikan (faktor populasi semut : 0, 5, dan 10 koloni per 5 tanaman). Penelitian semi lapang kemudian ditunjang oleh penelitian rumah kaca/pot. Pada penelitian ini tiga faktor dikendalikan/diperlakukan yaitu populasi semut, populasi Helopeltis dan populasi Sanurus indecora. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa hama utama yang dominan di Dusun Sambik Jengkel berbeda dengan hama utama yang dominan di Dusun Sambik Rindang. Di Sambik Jengkel, Helopeltis lebih dominan dibandingkan dengan i'. indecora, walaupun S. indecora ditemukan tapi tidak sebanyak serangan Helopeltis. Di Sambik Rindang terjadi sebaliknya, 5. indecora lebih dominan bila dibandingkan dengan Helopeltis. Semut cukup berperan dalam mengendalikan populasi Helopeltis. Dai data yang diperoleh sampai bulan Oktober 2003 diketahui bahwa persentase pucuk yang terserang Helopeltis lebih kecil pada kelompok-kelompok tanaman yang dibei perlakuan semut, begitu pula populasi nimfa dan imagonya. Tidak demikian yang terjadi dengan ,S'. Indecora, populasi nimfa dan imagonya tidak dipengaruhi oleh kehadiran semut. Pada kelompok tanaman yang dibei perlakuan semut, populasi S. indecora justru lebih banyak. Namun demikian, jumlah bunga yang diserang S. indecora lebih banyak pada pucuk yang tidak ada semutnya. Oleh sebab itu, khusus pada bunga, 5. indecora tidak akan datang kalau pada bunga tersebut ada semutnya. Pada pucuk yang telah diserang 5. indecora, semut tidak mengganggu kecuali kalau Helopeltis tidak ada, semut akan memangsa nimfa-nimfa S. indecora.<br /><br />Kata kunci: Anacardium occidentale, jambu mete, Helopeltis spp., nektar, Sanurus indecora, semut<br /><br /></p><p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong><br /><br />Role of ants (Oecophylla smaragdina and Dolichoderus sp.) in controlling Helopeltis spp. and Sanurus indecora on cashew plant<br /><br />Insects have important roles in cashew growth and productivity. In Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara, more than 90 kinds of insects have been identiied including pest, natural enemies and pollinators. Helopeltis spp. and S. indecora are the main pests in this area. Ants were found to be the predator of Helopeltis spp. Nowadays the three kinds of insects sometime exist in one plant, therefore the objective of this research was to ind out the interaction among Helopeltis spp., S. indecora and ants. The research was caried out in Sambik Rindang and Sambik Jengkel, West Lombok from May to November 2003. There were 3 activities of research (a) ield <br /><br />trial, (b) semi-ield tial, and (c) glass house trial. In the ield trial, the environment conditions were not treated as ixed variables, the observations were done by sampling This ield trial was supported by semi ield trial, only one factor was used as a treatment (ants population) that had 3 levels : 0, 5, and 10 colonies per 5 plants. The semi ield trial was also supported by glass house trial. In this trial 3 factors were used as treatments ants population, Helopeltis spp. and Sanurus indecora population. The result showed that the main pest found in Sambik Jengkel was different from the main pest found in Sambik Rindang. In Sambik Jengkel, Helopeltis spp. was dominant, while in Sambik Rindang £ indecora. Ants had an impotant role in controlling Helopeltis population. The data obtained up to October 2003 revealed that the percentage of damaged shoots was less in the ants-invested plant than that without ants Meanwhile, the population of 5. indecora was not affected by ants incidence, however the number of flowers atacked by £ indecora were more in the shoots without ants. If shoots were previously attacked by S. indecora, the ants would not bother the insects, but when there was no Helopeltis spp. in the plant, the ants would atack the nymphs of S. indecora.<br /><br />Key words : Anacardium occidentale, cashew plant, ants, Helopeltis spp., nectarc, Sanurus indecora</p>

scholarly journals PENGARUH PEMUPUKAN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI JAMBU METE DI LOMBOK

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
USMAN DARAS ◽  
J. PITONO
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Anacardium Occidentale ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Randomized Block Design

ABSTRAK<br />Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dosis dan<br />komposisi pupuk NPK terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi jambu mete<br />yang ditanam pada tanah regosol cokelat-kelabu di Desa Loloan,<br />Kecamatan Bayan, Lombok Barat, dari tahun 1997 sampai 2000. Faktor<br />yang diuji adalah: (1) komposisi NPK, 2 macam (1:1:1, dan 1:1:2); dan (2)<br />dosis pupuk, 4 taraf (500, 750, 1000 dan 1500 g/pohon/tahun). Perlakuan<br />disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok dengan 4 ulangan dan ukuran<br />petak 4 pohon. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tanaman jambu mete<br />cukup responsif terhadap pemupukan. Pemberian pupuk menaikkan<br />kandungan hara N, P dan K daun. Dosis pupuk yang cukup memadai untuk<br />menunjang pertumbuhan dan produksi jambu mete adalah 500, 750, dan<br />1000 g NPK/pohon/tahun dengan komposisi pupuk NPK 1:1:2, masing-<br />masing untuk umur tanaman 5, 6, dan 7 tahun. Pupuk tersebut diberikan<br />dalam 2 kali agihan, yaitu 50% pada awal musim hujan, dan 50% lagi<br />menjelang akhir musim hujan.<br />Kata kunci : Jambu  mete,  Anacardium  occidentale,  pemupukan,<br />pertumbuhan, produksi, Nusa Tenggara Barat<br />ABSTRACT<br />Effect of fertilizer application on the growth and yield of<br />cashew in Lombok<br />A field study was conducted on cashew trees grown at grayish-<br />brown regosol soil located at Loloan, Bayan, West Lombok, from 1997 to<br />2000. The objectives of the study were to examine the effect of NPK<br />fertilizer and its composition on growth and yield of cashew. Treatments<br />examined were: (1) composition of NPK (1:1:1, and 1:1:2); and (2)<br />fertilizer dosage (500, 750, 1000 and 1500 g NPK/tree/year). The<br />treatments were arranged in a randomized block design with 4 replications<br />and plot size of 4 plants. Research results showed that the application of<br />fertilizers significantly affected the growth and yield of cashew. The<br />content of N, P and K in cashew leaves improved as the fertilizer dosage<br />increased. Appropriate amounts of NPK were 500, 750 and 1000 g<br />NPK/tree/year with composition of 1:1:2 for cashew trees of 5, 6 and 7<br />years old, respectively. The fertilizers were applied twice a year (50% in<br />the beginning of rainy season, and 50% in the end of rainy season).<br />Key words : Cashew, Anacardium occidentale, fertilizer application,<br />growth, yield, West Nusa Tenggara

scholarly journals The relationship between the diamondback moth, climatic factors, cabbage crops and natural enemies in a tropical area

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gallo Sow ◽  
Karamoko Diarra ◽  
Laurence Arvanitakis ◽  
Dominique Bordat
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Factors ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT The impact of abiotic and biotic factors (rainfall, temperature, host plant and natural enemies) on population dynamics of the Plutella xylostella L. diamondback moth was investigated. The experiments were conducted during the rainy and dry seasons for two years (June 2009-April 2011) on unsprayed cabbage plots in Malika (Senegal). Every 10 days, 10 cabbages were randomly selected. Plutella xylostella larvae, pupae and parasitoid cocoons were recorded on each plant. Before each sampling, the diameters and ages of plants were recorded. Temperature and rainfall were also recorded during this study. Larvae and pupae of P. xylstella were higher for the dry season than the rainy season. There was a negative correlation between temperature and P. xylostella populations, and a strong relationship between P. xylostella populations and the age of cabbages. Females oviposited on young cabbages where the presence of young larvae was important, whereas older immature stages were mainly found in older cabbage plants. Parasitoid populations were higher for the dry season than the rainy season. High temperatures did not increase the pest populations and parasitism rate. There was no effect found on pest, plants and natural enemies due to rainfall. There was a positive correlation between pest populations and parasitism. Four Hymenoptera species were found: Oomyzus sokolowskii, Apanteles litae, Cotesia plutellae and Brachymeria citrae, but they were not efficient to control the P. xylostella populations. These results are important for understanding the factors that promote or inhibit pest populations and their natural enemies, and therefore essential for effective crop protection.

Presencia de Lomentaria hakodatensis Yendo 1920 (Lomentariaceae, Rhodophyta) en la costa de Asturias (Norte de España). First report of Lomentaria hakodatensis Yendo 1920 from the Asturian coast (North of Spain)

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 166-167
Author(s):  
Cristina Lamela ◽  
Consolación Fernández ◽  
José Manuel Rico
Keyword(s):  
Alien Species ◽  
Key Words ◽  
First Report ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
North Of Spain

First report of Lomentaria hakodatensis Yendo 1920 from the Asturian coast (North of Spain) Palabras clave. Lomentaria hakodatensis, Lomentariaceae, Rhodophyta, especies introducidas, Asturias, Norte de España Key words. Lomentaria hakodatensis , Lomentariaceae, Rhodophyta, alien species, Asturias, N. Spain

STUDI BIONOMIK VEKTOR MALARIA DI KECAMATAN KALIBAWANG, KULONPROGO

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sardjito Eko Windarso dkk
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Malaria Vector ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Anopheles Species ◽  
Commercial Farming ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Dry And Rainy Seasons

The increasing of malaria cases in recent years at Kecamatan Kalibawang has been suspected correspond with the conversion of farming land-use which initiated in 1993. Four years after the natural vegetation in this area were changed become cocoa and coffee commercial farming estates, the number of malaria cases in 1997 rose more than six times, and in 2000 it reached 6085. This study were aimed to observe whether there were any differences in density and diversity of Anopheles as malaria vector between the cocoa and mix farming during dry and rainy seasons. The results of the study are useful for considering the appropriate methods, times and places for mosquito vector controlling. The study activities comprised of collecting Anopheles as well as identifying the species to determine the density and diversity of the malaria vector. Both activities were held four weeks in dry season and four weeks in rainy season. The mea-surement of physical factors such as temperature, humidity and rainfall were also conducted to support the study results. Four dusuns which meet the criteria and had the highest malaria cases were selected as study location. Descriptively, the results shows that the number of collected Anopheles in cocoa farming were higher compared with those in mix horticultural farming; and the number of Anopheles species identifi ed in cocoa farming were also more varied than those in the mix horticultural farming.Key words: bionomik vektor malaria, anopheles,

scholarly journals Understanding variability in greenhouse gas emission estimates of smallholder dairy farms in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Titis Apdini ◽  
Windi Al Zahra ◽  
Simon J. Oosting ◽  
Imke J. M. de Boer ◽  
Marion de Vries ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Enteric Fermentation ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Population Mean ◽  
Smallholder Dairy ◽  
Smallholder Dairy Farms

Abstract Purpose Life cycle assessment studies on smallholder farms in tropical regions generally use data that is collected at one moment in time, which could hamper assessment of the exact situation. We assessed seasonal differences in greenhouse gas emissions (GHGEs) from Indonesian dairy farms by means of longitudinal observations and evaluated the implications of number of farm visits on the variance of the estimated GHGE per kg milk (GHGEI) for a single farm, and the population mean. Methods An LCA study was done on 32 smallholder dairy farms in the Lembang district area, West Java, Indonesia. Farm visits (FVs) were performed every 2 months throughout 1 year: FV1–FV3 (rainy season) and FV4–FV6 (dry season). GHGEs were assessed for all processes up to the farm-gate, including upstream processes (production and transportation of feed, fertiliser, fuel and electricity) and on-farm processes (keeping animals, manure management and forage cultivation). We compared means of GHGE per unit of fat-and-protein-corrected milk (FPCM) produced in the rainy and the dry season. We evaluated the implication of number of farm visits on the variance of the estimated GHGEI, and on the variance of GHGE from different processes. Results and discussion GHGEI was higher in the rainy (1.32 kg CO2-eq kg−1 FPCM) than in the dry (0.91 kg CO2-eq kg−1 FPCM) season (P < 0.05). The between farm variance was 0.025 kg CO2-eq kg−1 FPCM in both seasons. The within farm variance in the estimate for the single farm mean decreased from 0.69 (1 visit) to 0.027 (26 visits) kg CO2-eq kg−1 FPCM (rainy season), and from 0.32 to 0.012 kg CO2-eq kg−1 FPCM (dry season). The within farm variance in the estimate for the population mean was 0.02 (rainy) and 0.01 (dry) kg CO2-eq kg−1 FPCM (1 visit), and decreased with an increase in farm visits. Forage cultivation was the main source of between farm variance, enteric fermentation the main source of within farm variance. Conclusions The estimated GHGEI was significantly higher in the rainy than in the dry season. The main contribution to variability in GHGEI is due to variation between observations from visits to the same farm. This source of variability can be reduced by increasing the number of visits per farm. Estimates for variation within and between farms enable a more informed decision about the data collection procedure.

scholarly journals Directional Distance Function Technical Efficiency of Chili Production in Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 741
Author(s):  
Wirat Krasachat ◽  
Suthathip Yaisawarng
Keyword(s):  
Distance Function ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Directional Distance Function ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Function Technique ◽  
Security Problem ◽  
Gap Technology

To overcome the challenging food safety and security problem, in 2003, the Thai government initiated ‘Good Agricultural Practices’ (GAP) technology. This paper used a sample of 107 small chili farms from the Chiyaphoom province for the 2012 crop year, and data envelopment analysis (DEA) meta-frontier directional distance function technique to answer two questions: (1) Are GAP-adopting farms, on average, more efficient than conventional farms? (2) Does access to GAP technology affect farmers’ decisions to adopt GAP technology? We also developed an ‘indirect’ approach to reduce the potential sample selection bias for small samples. For the dry-season subsample, GAP farms were more technically efficient when compared with non-GAP farms. These dry-season non-GAP farms may not adopt the GAP method because they have limited access to GAP technology. For the rainy-season subsample, on average, GAP farms were more efficient than non-GAP farms at the 5% level. Access to the GAP technology is not a possible reason for non-GAP rainy season farms to not adopt the GAP technology. To enable sustainable development, government agencies and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) must develop and implement appropriate educational and training workshops to promote and assist GAP technology adoption for chili farms in Thailand.

scholarly journals Application of Sentinel-1 and-2 Images in Measuring the Deformation of Kuh-e-Namak (Dashti) Namakier, Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 785
Author(s):  
Sen Zhang ◽  
Qigang Jiang ◽  
Chao Shi ◽  
Xitong Xu ◽  
Yundi Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Aperture Radar ◽  
Rock Salt ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Surface Deformation ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Synthetic Aperture ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Sbas Insar ◽  
Aperture Radar

Kuh-e-Namak (Dashti) namakier is one of the most active salt diapirs along the Zagros fold–thrust belt in Iran. Its surface deformation should be measured to estimate its long-term kinematics. Ten Sentinel-2 optical images acquired between October 2016 and December 2019 were processed by using Co-Registration of Optically Sensed Images and Correlation (COSI-Corr) method. Forty-seven Sentinel-1 ascending Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images acquired between April 2017 and December 2019 were processed by using Small Baseline Subset Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (SBAS-InSAR) method. The deformation of Kuh-e-Namak (Dashti) namakier was measured using both methods. Then, meteorological data were utilized to explore the relationship between the kinematics of the namakier and weather conditions and differences in macrodeformation behavior of various rock salt types. The advantages and disadvantages of COSI-Corr and SBAS-InSAR methods in measuring the deformation of the namakier were compared. The results show that: (1) The flank subsides in the dry season and uplifts in the rainy season, whereas the dome subsides in the rainy season and uplifts in the dry season. Under extreme rainfall conditions, the namakier experiences permanent plastic deformation. (2) The “dirty” rock salt of the namakier is more prone to flow than the “clean” rock salt in terms of macrodeformation behavior. (3) In the exploration of the kinematics of the namakier via the two methods, COSI-Corr is superior to SBAS-InSAR on a spatial scale, but the latter is superior to the former on a time scale.

scholarly journals Seasonal Differences in Cyclospora cayetanensis Prevalence in Colombian Indigenous People

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 627
Author(s):  
Hagen Frickmann ◽  
Juliane Alker ◽  
Jessica Hansen ◽  
Juan Carlos Dib ◽  
Andrés Aristizabal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Resource Limited Settings ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Fecal-orally transmitted cyclosporiasis is frequent in remote resource-limited settings in Central and South America with poor hygiene conditions. In this study, we aimed at assessing seasonal effects on the epidemiology of colonization or infection with C. cayetanensis in Colombian indigenous people living under very restricted conditions. In the rainy season between July and November and in the dry season between January and April, stool samples from indigenous people with and without gastrointestinal symptoms were collected and screened for C. cayetanensis applying in-house real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In the rainy season and in the dry season, positive PCR results were observed for 11.8% (16/136) and 5.1% (15/292), respectively, with cycle threshold (Ct) values of 30.6 (±3.4) and 34.4 (±1.6), respectively. Despite higher parasite loads in the rainy season, fewer individuals (2/16, 12.5%) reported gastrointestinal symptoms compared to the dry season (6/15, 40%). In conclusion, considerable prevalence of C. cayetanensis in Colombian indigenous people persists in the dry season. Low proportions of gastrointestinal symptoms along with higher parasite loads make colonization likely rather than infection.

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