Cabe Jawa (Piper retrofractum Vahl.) : PENGGUNAAN TRADISIONAL, FITOKIMIA dan AKTIVITAS FARMAKOLOGI  Piper retrofractum Vahl. : Traditional Uses, Phytochemical and Pharmacological Activities

ABSTRAK Cabe jawa (Piper retrofractum Vahl.) adalah tanaman daerah tropis asli Indonesia yang dijumpai juga di negara Asia Tenggara seperti Thailand dan Malaysia, dan sejak dahulu telah digunakan secara turun-temurun sebagai bahan tambahan makanan ataupun obat tradisional. Secara tradisional di masyarakat, buah cabe jawa dapat digunakan dalam ramuan untuk mengobati demam, perut kembung, mulas, muntah, mengatasi gangguan pencernaan, merangsang nafsu makan, dan lemah syahwat. Akarnya sering digunakan untuk mengobati sakit gigi, luka dan kejang, serta bagian daunnya digunakan juga untuk obat kumur. Beberapa penelitian menyebutkan aktivitas farmakologi cabe Jawa memiliki efek afrodisiaka, antipiretik, antihiperurisemia, antikanker, dan antimikroba. Pengujian klinis terhadap cabe jawa telah dilakukan dan potensial dikembangkan menjadi obat tradisional golongan fitofarmaka. Cabe jawa memiliki aktivitas sebagai imunostimulan, lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelompok imunostimulan fitofarmaka. Cabe jawa mempunyai potensi sebagai anti-photoaging, aktivitas antituberkular, antiproliferasi, aktivitas larvasida, dan aktivitas sitotoksik. Studi fitokimia senyawa metabolit sekunder utama yang terkandung dalam cabe jawa antara lain beberapa jenis alkaloid seperti piperine, pipernonaline, guineensine, piperoctadecalidine, minyak atsiri buah cabe jawa mengandung tiga komponen utama yaitu yaitu β-caryophyllene (17%), pentadecane (17,8%) dan β- bisabollene (11,2%) . Selain senyawa utama tersebut, terdapat senyawa baru pada buah cabe jawa, diantaranya; senyawa amida, amida glikosida, fenilpropanoid glikosida, dan alkaloid. Sebagai afrodisiaka bagian yang digunakan adalah buahnya dan senyawa piperin yang diduga bertanggung jawab terhadap aktivitas tersebut. Piperin merupakan senyawa utama dan zat berkhasiat yang terkandung dalam buah cabe jawa dan berfungsi sebagai penurun demam, mengurangi rasa sakit, antioksidan, mengurangi peradangan, antitumor, dan sebagai imunomodulator. Berdasarkan aktifitas farmakologi yang baik dari cabe jawa maka studi atau penelitian-penelitian pada tanaman ini harus terus dilakukan seperti pengembangan formulasi dan upaya perbanyakan tanaman karena populasi cabe jawa jumlahnya terbatas. Media terbaik dalam induksi kalus tanaman cabe jawa adalah Murrashige Skoog (MS) yang ditambah 6-Benzil Amino Purin (BAP) dan Naphtalene Acetic Acid (NAA).ABSTRACT Piper retrofractum vahl. is a tropical plant native to Indonesia which is also found in Southeast Asian countries such as Thailand and Malaysia, and has been used for generations as a food additive or traditional medicine. Traditionally in the community, P. retrofractum fruit can be used in potions to treat fever, flatulence, heartburn, vomiting, overcome digestive disorders, stimulate appetite, and impotence. The roots are often used to treat toothaches, wounds, and seizures, and the leaves are also used for mouthwash. Several studies have stated that the pharmacological activity of P. retrofractum has aphrodisiac, antipyretic, anticancer, and antimicrobial effects. Clinical testing on P. retrofractum has been carried out and has the potential to be developed into a traditional medicine of the phytopharmaceutical class. P. retrofractum has activity as an immunostimulant, which is higher than the phytopharmaceutical immunostimulant group. P. retrofractum has potential as anti-photoaging, antitubercular, antiproliferative, larvicidal activity, and cytotoxic activity. Phytochemical studies of the main secondary metabolites contained in P. rectofractum include several types of alkaloids such as piperine, pipernonaline, guineensine, piperoctadecalidine, fruit essential oils. Javanese chili contains three main components, namely-caryophyllene (17%), pentadecane (17.8%) and -bisabollene (11.2%). In addition to these main compounds, there are new compounds in P. retrofractum fruit, including; amide compounds, amide glucosides, phenylpropanoid glucosides, and alkaloids. As an aphrodisiac, the part used is the fruit and the piperine compound which is thought to be responsible for this activity. Piperine is the main compound and efficacious substance contained in P. retrofractum fruit and functions as a fever reducer, pain reliever, antioxidant, reducing inflammation, antitumor, and immunomodulator. Based on the good pharmacological activity of P. retrofractum , studies or researches on this plant must continue to be carried out such as formulation development and plant propagation efforts because the population of P. retrofractum is limited. The best medium for callus induction of cabe jawa was Murashige Skoog (MS) with 6-Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP) and Naphtalene acetic (NAA) added.

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A REVIEW OF PHYTOCHEMICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL STUDIES OF Piper retrofractum Vahl.

Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Application ◽

10.24843/jpsa.2021.v03.i01.p05 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 40

Author(s):

Ni Putu Eka Leliqia ◽

Ni Komang Sri Lumbung Artha Wardani

Keyword(s):

Pharmacological Activity ◽

Pepper Plant ◽

Pharmacological Effects ◽

Phytochemical Content ◽

Plant Parts ◽

Chemical Content ◽

Piper Retrofractum ◽

Phytochemical Studies

Background: Javanese long pepper (Piper retrofractum Vahl.) is a plant that commonly found in Southeast Asia and is empirically used to treat various diseases. It is known that the phytochemical content in plants is one factor responsible for its pharmacology activities. The study of the pharmacological effects of herbal ingredients both pre-clinically and clinically is an attempt to prove their empirical properties. Aims: This review article aims to provide information to academics and the public regarding phytochemical studies and pharmacological activity that have been carried out regarding the Javanese long pepper plant. Methods: Article preparation was carried out through literature studies from various national scientific journals, international journals, and online reference books. Javanese long pepper data search system was based on chemical content and pharmacological activity studies either in vitro, in vivo, or clinical trials. Results: Phytochemical studies have shown that the plant parts of Javanese long pepper contain compounds such as alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, triterpenoid, and glycosides. Based on studies of its pharmacological activity, Javanese long pepper has been reported to have antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytotoxic, analgesic, androgenic, aphrodisiac, antihyperlipidemic, antihyperuricemic, lowering leukocyte count, antileishmanial and immunostimulant effects. Conclusion: The efficacy of Javanese long pepper has been scientifically proven to have pharmacological effects either through in vitro or clinical studies which can be taken into consideration for the development of traditional medicinal products. Keywords: Javanese Long Pepper, Piper retrofractum, Phytochemical, Pharmacology activity

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Volatilome and Essential Oil of Ulomoides dermestoides: A Broad-Spectrum Medical Insect

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26206311 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (20) ◽

pp. 6311

Author(s):

Paulina J. Cázares-Samaniego ◽

Claudia G. Castillo ◽

Miguel A. Ramos-López ◽

Marco M. González-Chávez

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Traditional Medicine ◽

Broad Spectrum ◽

Alternative Treatment ◽

Aromatic Compounds ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Pharmacological Interest ◽

Main Components

Ulomoides dermestoides are used as a broad-spectrum medical insect in the alternative treatment of various diseases. Preliminary volatilome studies carried out to date have shown, as the main components, methyl-1,4-benzoquinone, ethyl-1,4-benzoquinone, 1-tridecene, 1-pentadecene, and limonene. This work focused on the production of metabolites and their metabolic variations in U. dermestoides under stress conditions to provide additional valuable information to help better understand the broad-spectrum medical uses. To this end, VOCs were characterized by HS-SPME with PEG and CAR/PDMS fibers, and the first reported insect essential oils were obtained. In HS-SMPE, we found 17 terpenes, six quinones, five alkenes, and four aromatic compounds; in the essential oils, 53 terpenes, 54 carboxylic acids and derivatives, three alkynes, 12 alkenes (1-Pentadecene, EOT1: 77.6% and EOT2: 57.9%), 28 alkanes, nine alkyl disulfides, three aromatic compounds, 19 alcohols, three quinones, and 12 aldehydes were identified. Between both study approaches, a total of 171 secondary metabolites were identified with no previous report for U. dermestoides. A considerable number of the identified metabolites showed previous studies of the activity of pharmacological interest. Therefore, considering the wide variety of activities reported for these metabolites, this work allows a broader vision of the therapeutic potential of U. dermestoides in traditional medicine.

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New compounds with possible pharmacological activity

Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data ◽

10.1021/je60085a001 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 176-183 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Robert Bruce Moffett

Keyword(s):

Pharmacological Activity ◽

New Compounds

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Phytoconstituents of Genus Micromelum and Their Bioactivity—a Review

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x20927124 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (5) ◽

pp. 1934578X2092712

Author(s):

Tin Myo Thant ◽

Nanik Siti Aminah ◽

Alfinda Novi Kristanti ◽

Rico Ramadhan ◽

Hnin Thanda Aung ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Traditional Medicine ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Bioactive Constituents ◽

Ancient Time ◽

Leaves And Roots ◽

New Compounds ◽

Drug Leads ◽

Carbazole Alkaloids

The genus Micromelum belongs to the Rutaceae family. As its rich bioactive constituents its stems, flowers, leaves, and roots have been used in traditional medicine, for the treatment of various diseases from ancient time. Phytochemically, many bioactive compounds, including coumarins, polyoxygenated flavonoids, phenylpropanoic acid derivatives, quinolone alkaloids, and also carbazole alkaloids, have been reported as secondary metabolites of the Micromelum spp. including many new compounds. Therefore, Micromelum spp. are considered potential for drug leads. In this article, we present an overview of secondary metabolites isolated from genus Micromelum and their bioactivities that have been reported between 1982 and 2019.

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Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil from Chaerophyllum Temulum (Apiaceae)

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1501000832 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1934578X1501000 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jelena G. Stamenković ◽

Gordana S. Stojanović ◽

Ivana R. Radojković ◽

Goran M. Petrović ◽

Bojan K Zlatković

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Quantitative Composition ◽

Qualitative Composition ◽

Flowering Stage ◽

Main Compound ◽

Fruiting Stage ◽

Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons ◽

Germacrene D ◽

Main Components

The present study reports the chemical composition on the essential oil obtained from fresh roots, stems, inflorescences and fruits of Chaerophyllum temulum. In all samples, except the roots, the most dominant components were sesquiterpene hydrocarbons. ( Z)-Falcarinol was the principal constituent of the root essential oils (61.7% at the flowering stage and 62.3% at the fruiting stage). The blossom oil was dominated by ( Z,E)-α-farnesene (23.4%), ( E)-β-farnesene (9.0%) and germacrene D-4-ol (9%), whereas the oil from the fruit had germacrene D-4-ol (27.6%) as its main compound, accompanied by ( Z,E)-α-farnesene (13.4%). Germacrene D was the most abundant component of the stem essential oil (38.4% at the flowering stage and 32.5% at the fruiting stage). The obtained results show that the qualitative composition of the oil depends on the part of the plant which is analyzed, while the quantitative composition of the main components depends on the growing stage of the plant.

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Pharmacological Activity of Garcinia indica (Kokum): An Updated Review

Pharmaceuticals ◽

10.3390/ph14121338 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (12) ◽

pp. 1338

Author(s):

Sung Ho Lim ◽

Ho Seon Lee ◽

Chang Hoon Lee ◽

Chang-Ik Choi

Keyword(s):

Traditional Medicine ◽

Pharmacological Activity ◽

Therapeutic Agent ◽

Industrial Applications ◽

Pharmacological Activities ◽

Garcinia Indica ◽

Hydroxycitric Acid ◽

Promising Therapeutic Agent

Garcinia indica (commonly known as kokum), belonging to the Clusiaceae family (mangosteen family), is a tropical evergreen tree distributed in certain regions of India. It has been used in culinary and industrial applications for a variety of purposes, including acidulant in curries, pickles, health drinks, wine, and butter. In particular, G. indica has been used in traditional medicine to treat inflammation, dermatitis, and diarrhea, and to promote digestion. According to several studies, various phytochemicals such as garcinol, hydroxycitric acid (HCA), cyanidin-3-sambubioside, and cyanidin-3-glucoside were isolated from G. indica, and their pharmacological activities were published. This review highlights recent updates on the various pharmacological activities of G. indica. These studies reported that G. indica has antioxidant, anti-obesity, anti-arthritic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, antidepressant and anxiolytic effects both in vitro and in vivo. These findings, together with previously published reports of pharmacological activity of various components isolated from G. indica, suggest its potential as a promising therapeutic agent to prevent various diseases.

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POTENCIAL BIOTECNOLÓGICO DE LAS ESPONJAS EN LA PRODUCCIÓN DE NUEVOS FÁRMACOS: PERSPECTIVAS Y LIMITACIONES

CICIMAR Oceánides ◽

10.37543/oceanides.v26i2.101 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 31

Author(s):

R. N. Águila-Ramírez ◽

C. J. Hernández-Guerrero ◽

B. González-Acosta

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trials ◽

Natural Products ◽

Pharmacological Activity ◽

Natural Environment ◽

Marine Sponges ◽

Biotechnological Production ◽

Antiviral Compounds ◽

Genetic Modifications ◽

New Compounds

La búsqueda de productos naturales con actividad farmacológica a partir de esponjas marinas tiene un gran potencial debido a las interesantes actividades que algunos compuestos presentan en ensayos clínicos, principalmente en la búsqueda de compuestos anticancerígenos y antivirales. Sin embargo, también existen diversas problemáticas que pueden frenar el desarrollo de un nuevo compuesto. Por lo que en esta revisión se pretende dar un panorama general de las perspectivas y limitantes que se presentan en la búsqueda de nuevos compuestos a partir de esponjas en el medio natural, en el establecimiento de cultivos de esponjas, de primorfos y células madre como una alternativa o el aislamiento de bacterias asociadas a ellas que produzcan dichos metabolitos con la finalidad de realizar modificaciones genéticas que permitan una producción biotecnológica. Biotechnical potential of sponges in new pharmaceutics production: perspectives and limits The search for natural products with pharmacological activity of marine sponges has great potential due to the interesting activities that some compounds have in clinical trials, mainly in the search of anticancer and antiviral compounds. However, there are various problems that may limit the development of a new compound. In this review we intended to give an overview of the perspectives and limitations that occur in the search of new compounds from sponges of the natural environment, in the establishment of culture of sponges, primorph and steam cells as an alternative, or isolated bacteria from sponges which are the metabolites producers to development genetic modifications for a biotechnological production.

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Antihyperglycemic Activity ofEucalyptus tereticornisin Insulin-Resistant Cells and a Nutritional Model of Diabetic Mice

Advances in Pharmacological Sciences ◽

10.1155/2015/418673 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Alis Guillén ◽

Sergio Granados ◽

Kevin Eduardo Rivas ◽

Omar Estrada ◽

Luis Fernando Echeverri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Traditional Medicine ◽

Diabetic Mice ◽

Antihyperglycemic Activity ◽

Main Compound ◽

Insulin Resistant ◽

Increase Glucose Uptake ◽

Resistance To Insulin ◽

Fasting Glycaemia

Eucalyptus tereticornisis a plant used in traditional medicine to control diabetes, but this effect has not been proved scientifically. Here, we demonstrated throughin vitroassays thatE. tereticornisextracts increase glucose uptake and inhibit their production in insulin-resistant C2C12 and HepG2 cells, respectively. Furthermore, in a nutritional model using diabetic mice, the administration of ethyl acetate extract ofE. tereticornisreduced fasting glycaemia, improved tolerance to glucose, and reduced resistance to insulin. Likewise, this extract had anti-inflammatory effects in adipose tissue when compared to control diabetic mice. Via bioguided assays and sequential purification of the crude extract, a triterpenoid-rich fraction from ethyl acetate extracts was shown to be responsible for the biological activity. Similarly, we identified the main compound responsible for the antihyperglycemic activity in this extract. This study shows that triterpenes found inE. tereticornisextracts act as hypoglycemic/antidiabetic compounds and contribute to the understanding of their use in traditional medicine.

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Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Cholesterol Have a Main Role in Antidepression Diet of Iranian Traditional Medicine

Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1177/2156587215614703 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 205-209

Author(s):

Mohammad Mahdi Ahmadian-Attari ◽

Ahmad Ali Noorbala ◽

Alireza Khoshdel ◽

Mohammad Kamalinejad ◽

Arsia Taghva

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Traditional Medicine ◽

Main Role ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Major Health ◽

Nutritional Elements ◽

Iranian Traditional Medicine ◽

Main Components ◽

The Relationship

Depression is one of the major health problems of our world. Recent studies have revealed the relationship between diet and depression. In Iranian traditional medicine, there is a therapeutic diet that is recommended in melancholic diseases like depression. One of the main components of this diet is meat. Meats are divided into 2 groups: recommended and abstinent. The aim of this study was to clarify the logic of this diet through comparing nutritional elements of the 2 groups with each other. For this purpose, prominent books on Iranian traditional medicine were searched for abstinent and recommended meats traditionally prescribed for depressed patients. The results of each group were compared with the other by using Mann-Whitney Test (SPSS version 16). The results showed that recommended meats contain higher amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids ( P = .01) especially omega-3 ( P = .03). Both groups contain high amounts of cholesterol. Iranian traditional medicine recommends consumption of meats that contains cholesterol with omega-3 fatty acids in depression.

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A perspective review of phytochemistry and pharmacology of the Syzygium genus

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v12i2.4722 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 1490-1495

Author(s):

Yuniarni U ◽

Sukandar E Y ◽

Fidrianny I

Keyword(s):

Traditional Medicine ◽

Pharmacological Activity ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Ornamental Plants ◽

Chemical Compounds ◽

Chemical Components ◽

Pharmacological Activities ◽

Widespread Species ◽

Traditional Uses

Syzygium is a genus of the Myrtaceae family consisting of large and widespread species from Africa, Asia, Australia, and throughout Oceania and the Pacific region. Some have been cultivated for bearing fruit, ornamental plants and used as traditional medicine. This article excavated Syzygium genus which was focused on traditional uses, chemical compounds and biological activities related to treatment of syndrome metabolic. All information was obtained from the scientific literature such as Science Direct, Google Scholar, Scopus and PubMed. Several species were known to have therapeutic potential and used in traditional Chinese medicine, Ayurveda, and herbal medicine in Indonesia. Traditionally, Syzygium is known for its therapeutic purposes such as coughing, diarrhea, colds, dysentery, inflammation, pain, skin, and mouth infections. Only a few species have been scientifically studied to verify their usage as traditional medicine. There were many reports on the traditional uses and medicinal effects of Syzygium plants, but only a few review articles mainly about phytochemical constituents and their role in pharmacological activities. The present reviews highlight the phytochemical and pharmacological activity of various species of the Syzygium genus. The pharmacological activities were discussed in this article focused to metabolic syndrome treatment, such as antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, antioxidant and antihypertensive activities. Chemical components isolated mainly flavonoid, terpenoids/sesquiterpenoid, sterols, and lignan. Several bioactive compounds have been identified correlated with pharmacological activity, but the chemical compounds were different for each species.

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