scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Laser Treatment for Diabetic Retinopathy in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-445
Author(s):  
Maria Ponomareva ◽  
Ivan Petrov ◽  
Evgeniya Gribanova²

Background: Panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) remains one of the effective methods of treatment in pre- and proliferative forms of retinopathy with high efficiency. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of PRP depending on the somatic status, laboratory parameters, and the severity of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and a history of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Methods and Results: The study included 76 patients (50 women and 26 men) with T2D who underwent PRP for DR (152 eyes) using a VISULAS® 532s solid-state laser (ZEISS). The patients were divided into two groups depending on the severity of CKD. Group 1 (n=32, 64 eyes) included patients with CKD Stage 1, Group 2 (n=44, 88 eyes) included patients with CKD Stage 2. All patients underwent standard ophthalmological examination: visometry, tonometry, perimetry, biomicroscopy of the anterior segment of the eye and vitreous body, and fundus ophthalmoscopy. Thickness map of the retina was obtained using the RTVue-100 OCT (Optovue, Fremont, CA) EMM5 scan protocol and the Stratus OCT (Carl Zeiss Meditec, USA) radial scan protocol. Laboratory methods included a general blood test, PPG, FG, HbA1c, general urine analysis, and the assessment of blood levels of creatinine, ALT, and AST. PRP was carried out according to the standard method, gradually, in three stages; the interval between the stages of laser treatment was 1 month. After laser treatment, all patients, regardless of the treatment stage, were prescribed topical Broxinac® (Bromfenac ophthalmic solution 0.09%). The dynamics of corrected visual acuity (CVA) parameters and the retinal thickness of the macular region were assessed before PRP and 3 months after the complex treatment. Multivariate analysis revealed a linear and nonlinear effect of lipid spectrum indicators (TC and LDL) on the formation of CL (crystalline lens) pathology. After treatment, a significant increase in CVA was noted in both study groups. The effectiveness of PRP coagulation depended on the severity of the CKD stage in T2D patients with DR. Normalization of morphometric parameters of the macular region of the retina was noted in 93.8% of cases in Group 1 and in 86.4% of cases in Group 2. The decrease in the effectiveness of treatment was associated with the presence of macroangiopathy (CAD), concomitant diseases (CHF, AH and dyslipidemia), and CKD stage. Conclusion: Prolonged administration of the non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory drug Bromfenacum® for a month after each stage of PRP is effective.

2017 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
T L Nastausheva ◽  
O A Zhdanova ◽  
N S Nastausheva ◽  
L I Stahurlova ◽  
I V Grebennikova

Aim. To conduct comparative analysis of height, weight and body mass index in children with stages 1 to 3 of chronic kidney disease (CKD) caused by recurrent urinary tract infection due to congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract.Methods. The study was performed on 210 children: 110 patients examined in 2001-2002 (group 1) and 100 children examined in 2011-2012 (group 2). Stage 1 of CKD was observed in 94 (85.4%) children in group 1 and in 93 (93%) in group 2, stage 2 - in 16 (14.6%) and 7 (7%) patients, respectively. From both groups patients matched by sex, age, diagnosis and social status were selected: 20 patients with stage 1, 19 children with stage 2; in addition, 6 children with stage 3 were examined.Results. Nowadays children with CKD stage 1 are taller compared to patients of the beginning of the XXI century (Z-score: -0.14±1.43 and 0.20±0.98 respectively, p=0.01). Significant differences in weight were found in children with stage 1 in 2011-2012 compared to the patients in 2001-2002 (0.18±0.46 and 0.78±1.19 for groups 1 and 2, respectively, р=0.026). A tendency towards decrease of average height in children with stage 3 is observed compared to patients with stage 1, i.e. due to the progression of the disease.Conclusion. The data obtained reflect modern tendencies towards increase of children height and weight. No significant differences were found in physical development parameters of children with stages of chronic kidney disease 1 and 2 examined at the same time period but a tendency towards children’s height decrease from stages 1 to 3 of CKD of non-glomerular etiology was revealed.


Author(s):  
Tsuyoshi Yamabe ◽  
Yanling Zhao ◽  
Paul A Kurlansky ◽  
Suzuka Nitta ◽  
Saveliy Kelebeyev ◽  
...  

Abstract OBJECTIVES Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is prevalent in patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery, and it negatively impacts procedural outcomes; however, its influence on the outcomes of aortic surgery has not been well studied. This study aims to elucidate the importance of CKD on the outcomes of aortic root replacement (ARR). METHODS Patients who underwent ARR between 2005 and 2019 were retrospectively reviewed (n = 882). Patients were divided into 3 groups based on the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes criteria: Group 1 [estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥ 60 ml/min/1.73 m2, n = 421); Group 2 (eGFR = 30–59 ml/min/1.73 m2, n = 424); and Group 3 (eGFR < 30 ml/min/1.73 m2, n = 37). To reduce potential confounding, a propensity score matching was also performed between Group 1 and the combined group of Group 2 and Group 3. The primary end point was 10-year survival. Secondary end points were in-hospital mortality and perioperative morbidity. RESULTS Severe CKD patients presented with more advanced overall chronic and acute illnesses. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed a significant correlation between CKD stage and 10-year survival (log-rank P < 0.001). The number of events for Group 1 was 15, Group 2 was 49 and Group 3 was 11 in 10 years. Group 3 had significantly higher in-hospital mortality (13.5% vs 3.5% in Group 2 vs 0.7% in Group 1, P < 0.001) and stroke (8.1% vs 7.1% vs 1.2%, P < 0.001) as well as introduction to new dialysis (27.0% vs 5.4% vs 1.7%, P < 0.001). eGFR was shown to be an independent predictor of mortality (hazard ratio, 0.98; 95% confidence interval, 0.96–0.99). Comparison between propensity matched groups showed similar postoperative outcomes, and eGFR was still identified as a predictor of mortality (hazard ratio, 0.97; 95% confidence interval, 0.95–0.99). CONCLUSIONS Higher stage in CKD negatively impacts the long-term survival in patients who are undergoing ARR.


2018 ◽  
Vol 90 (9) ◽  
pp. 60-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
T E Rudenko ◽  
E S Kamyshova ◽  
M P Vasilyeva ◽  
I N Bobkova ◽  
N I Solomakhina ◽  
...  

Purpose of the study. To examine the frequency and risk factors for the development of diastolic dysfunction (DD) of the left ventricle (LV) of the heart in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Materials and methods. The study included 225 patients with stage I-CKD of non-diabetic etiology (median age 47.0 years, 50.2% of women). Depending on the degree of decrease in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), all patients were divided into 3 groups. Group 1 (n=70) consisted of patients with GFR 89-45 ml / min / 1.73 m2, group 2 (n=120) - patients with GFR 44-15 ml / min / 1.73 m2, group 3 (n=35) - patients with GFR


Author(s):  
Lam Do Ai Nguyen ◽  
Thao Thi Thu Nguyen ◽  
Thuy Anh Vu Pham

<div><p class="AbstractTitle"><strong>Objectives:</strong> To compare periodontal status of chronic kidney disease patients with those in non-chronic kidney disease patients and to explore the relationship between periodontitis and chronic kidney disease in a group of Vietnamese.</p></div><p class="AbstractContent"><strong>Methods:</strong> A cross sectional study was conducted on 240 adults including 120 chronic kidney disease patients (group 1) and 120non-chronic kidney disease patients (group 2). The socio-demographic characteristic, dental and smoking habits were investigated by the questionnaire. Periodontal status (PPD, CAL, BOP) were examined. The periodontal status was compared between 2 groups. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the relationship between chronic kidney disease and periodontitis after adjusting related factors.</p><p class="AbstractContent"><strong>Results</strong>: The clinically periodontal parameters in group 1 were all higher compared to those in group 2 (p&lt;0.001). The OR for periodontitis in patients who with age more than 60 years or brushed their teeth less than 2 times per day or had no scaling or in current smokers or with chronic kidney disease were 1.93; 4.27; 7.95; 4.21; 2.94 compared to counterparts, respectively (p&lt;0.05).</p><p class="AbstractContent"><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The periodontal status of chronic kidney disease patients was found worse than those in non-chronic kidney disease patients. The chronic kidney disease was significantly related to periodontitis.</p>


Author(s):  
Н.С. Морозова ◽  
Н.Б. Захарова ◽  
Д.Ю. Лакомова ◽  
Л.Д. Мальцева ◽  
О.Л. Морозова

Изменения минерального гомеостаза являются причиной костных нарушений зубочелюстной системы (ЗЧС) при хронической болезни почек (ХБП) у детей и могут развиваться задолго до появления клинических проявлений уремической токсинемии на 2-й стадии ХБП. В последние годы большое внимание уделяется неинвазивным методам диагностики патологии полости рта у детей. Наиболее известными индикаторами нарушения костного метаболизма считают матриксную металлопротеиназу 8 (ММР-8) и остеопротогерин (OPG). Цель исследования - установить закономерности изменения содержания ММР-8 и OPG в слюне детей с различной тяжестью ХБП. Объект и методы. Проведено исследование содержания ММР-8 и OPG в слюне у 76 детей, которые были разделены на равные группы по 19 человек: 1 группа - дети с ХБП 1-2 степени, получающие медикаментозное лечение; 2 группа - дети с терминальной стадией ХБП, получающие заместительную почечную терапию в объёме гемодиализа; 3 группа - дети через год после перенесённой трансплантации почки; 4 группа (группа сравнения) - дети с малой хирургической патологией, не имеющие патологии почек. Сбор слюны осуществлялся абсорбционным методом до медикаментозной коррекции основного заболевания утром до приема пищи. Исследование ММР-8 и OPG проводили методом твердофазного иммуноферментного анализа. Результаты. Установлено, что содержание ММР-8 и OPG в слюне у детей с различной степенью ХБП было значительно выше по отношению к группе сравнения. Максимальные значения ММР-8 регистрировались во 2-й группе у детей с терминальной ХБП, находящихся на гемодиализе. Повышение содержания OPG в слюне отмечалось в 1 группе детей с ХБП 1-2-й степени и 3-й группе пациентов, через год после перенесённой трансплантации почки. Заключение. Полученные результаты показывают возможность использования слюны в качестве биологической жидкости для диагностики доклинических этапов нарушения костного метаболизма у детей с ХБП, а ММР-8 и OPG в слюне могут рассматриваться в качестве предиктивных и прогностических маркеров. Changes in mineral homeostasis cause bone disorders of the dentition in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and may develop long before the onset of clinical manifestations of uremic toxemia in stage 2 CKD. In recent years, much attention has been paid to noninvasive methods for diagnosing oral pathology in children. The most common indicators of metabolic bone disorders are matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) and osteoprotogerin (OPG). The aim of the study was to establish the patterns of changes in salivary concentrations of MMP-8 and OPG in children with various severity of CKD. Subject and methods. Salivary levels of MMP-8 and OPG were studied in 76 children divided into four equal groups: group 1, children with stage 1-2 CKD receiving a drug treatment; group 2, children with end-stage CKD receiving renal replacement therapy with hemodialysis; group 3, children one year after the kidney transplantation; and group 4 (comparison group), children with a minor surgical pathology without a kidney pathology. Saliva samples were collected by the absorption method before administration of drugs for the underlying disease, one hour before the morning meal. Salivary concentrations of MMP-8 and OPG were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results. Salivary levels of MMP-8 and OPG were significantly higher in children with various severity of CKD than in the comparison group. The highest values of MMP-8 were observed in group 2 children with end-stage CKD on hemodialysis. Increased salivary OPG was noted in group 1 children with stage 1-2 CKD and in group 3 patients one year after the kidney transplantation. Conclusion. Saliva can be used as a biological fluid for diagnosis of preclinical stages of bone metabolism disorders in children with CKD, and salivary MMP-8 and OPG can be considered as predictive and prognostic markers.


2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-17
Author(s):  
Gobinda Chandra Saha ◽  
M Akhtaruzzaman ◽  
Ekramul Mustafa ◽  
Asif Mahmud ◽  
Sunil Kumar Sikder

Background: The progression of CKD occurs in five different stages in which there are gradual changes of GFR, serum creatinine and serum calcium.Objective: The study was undertaken to determine GFR in advanced stages of CKD and its relation with s. creatinine and s. calcium and also to find out the correlation between s. creatinine and s. calcium.Methodology: This study was carried out in the departments of Physiology and Nephrology, Rajshahi Medical College. All the advanced stage chronic kidney disease patients were taken as comparison. Apparently healthy persons were taken as control. Serum Creatinine was measured by alkaline picrate method; estimation of GFR was done by using Cockcroft- Gault formula and serum calcium was performed by analyzer.Result: In this study a total number of 120 subjects were included, out of which 30 were healthy control and 90 were diagnosed cases of advanced stages of CKD. Among the patients, 55 (61.12%) were male and 35 (38.88%) were female. Mean age (±SD) of the patients were 45 ± 11.16 (Range 20-65 years). While comparing between groups of CKD patients, it was found that s. creatinine of control group was significantly lower than that of group 1. Again s. creatinine of Group 1 was significantly lower than that of group 2 and similarly, s. creatinine of group 2 was significantly lower than that of group 3. On the other hand, s. calcium of control group was significantly higher than group 1, likewise s. calcium of group 1 was significantly higher than that of group 2 and s. calcium of group 2 was significantly higher than that of group 3.Conclusion: From this study the inference could be drawn that serum calcium had a positive correlation with GFR and a negative correlation with s. creatinine.J. Natl Inst. Neurosci Bangladesh 2015;1(1):15-17


2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-26
Author(s):  
Rojina Bakhunchhen ◽  
Raju Kumar Dubey ◽  
Archana Jayan ◽  
Santosh Kumar Shah ◽  
Prabin Khatri

INTRODUCTION: Most of the chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients develop cardiovascular disease (CVD) in their later stages. Various traditional CVD risk factors are highly prevalent in CKD but mortality of these patients cannot be fully justified by these CVD markers. So this study was designed to determine serum calcium and phosphorus product (Ca×Pi) to predict CVD risk in CKD patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS We followed the guidelines of NKF-KDOQI for CKD diagnosis and staging. Further the patients were classified into 3 different groups based on Ca×Pi product; <40 mg2/dl2 (group 1), 40-55 mg2/dl2 (group 2) and >55 mg2/dl2 (group 3). We then evaluated CVD risk by various traditional risk factors like age, BMI, BP, smoking history, dyslipidemia, previous history of CVD, LVH, arrhythmia, VHD, cardiomyopathy, and IHD. RESULTS: Higher level of Ca×Pi was associated with presence of LVH (32.30% in group 1, 31.42% in group 2 and 46.66% in group 3), Arrythemia (13.84% in group 1, 28.57% in group 2 and 46.67% in group 3), VHD (5.71% in group 2 and 10.00% in group 3), Cardiomyopathy (1.53% in group 1, 8.57% I group 2 and 6.66% in group 3), IHD (6.15% in group1, 11.42% in group 2 and 13.33% in group 3) and hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia and increased LDLc. CONCLUSION: This study found that higher Ca×Pi increases with decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and associated with CVD risks and CVD. So, this study raise a potential need to evaluate the level of calcium and phosphorus in all CKD patients and the level should be monitored more thoroughly to prevent CVD.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajeev Kumar ◽  
Pratip Jana ◽  
Indu Priyadarshini ◽  
SMITA ROY ◽  
Pritha Dutta ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has emerged as perhaps the most challenging global health problem of this century. The concomitant presence of co morbidities like chronic kidney disease (CKD), diabetes, chronic heart disease etc. makes the task of patient management difficult. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To assess the patterns of liver test abnormalities in patients of COVID 19 infection with and without CKD and evaluate the probable outcomes. MATERIALs and METHODS A cross-sectional retrospective observational study done on 600 patient samples (Group 1 COVID-19 without CKD, Group 2 COVID-19 with CKD and Group 3 non COVID-19 with CKD) which were processed for Liver function test (AST, ALT and ALP) and Renal function test (Urea and Creatinine) in the Department of Biochemistry, Dr. RML Hospital New Delhi. RESULTS AST and ALT levels were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in all COVID 19 positive patients group 1 mean and 2 SD, (63.63 and 42.89 U/L & 50.25 and 46.53 U/L respectively) and group 2 (90.59 and 62.51 U/L & 72.09 and 67.24 U/L respectively) as compared to Group 3 (25.24 and 7.47 U/L & 24.93 and 11.44 U/L respectively) and also a statistically significant elevation is seen in these two parameters (AST & ALT) in Group 2 as compared to Group 1 (P < 0.05). There was a negative significant correlation between eGFR and AST/ALT levels in Group 1 (p < 0.05). In Group 2, a weak positive correlation was seen with ALT (p < 0.01). No significant correlation existed between eGFR and ALP in groups 1 and 2. In Group 3, eGFR showed strong correlations with AST and ALT levels (p < 0.01) and reduction in kidney function correlated well with increase in serum ALP levels, (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS This study most comprehensively describes that SARS-CoV-2 positive CKD patients show more elevations in serum aminotransferase levels as compared to their non-CKD counterparts, in contrast to non-COVID-19 CKD cases. Serum ALT values in SARS-CoV-2 patients show significant correlation with calculated eGFR values. Elevated ALP values in CKD patients may be used as an indicator of declining kidney function. However, more studies in this direction are needed.


2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 736
Author(s):  
Alina Maria Andronovici ◽  
Irina-Draga Caruntu ◽  
Mihai Onofriescu ◽  
Loredana Liliana Hurjui ◽  
Simona-Eliza Giusca ◽  
...  

Increasing evidence sustains the potential of periodontitis as a risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD). Our study aimed to analyze several periodontal specific inflammatory biomarkers within the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of patients with CKD, compared to patients with normal kidney function, providing an inflammatory profile of the dialysis patient. The study comprised 79 patients divided into: group 1 (59 subjects with periodontitis and CKD) and group 2 (20 patients with periodontitis, without other systemic conditions). Clinical diagnosis was performed via dental and periodontal examination. GCF samples were collected from each patient, and the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and MMP-8 were determined by using ELISA assay. In group 1, the average values were: 22.85 ± 5.87 pg/mL for TNF-α, 33.00 ± 39.68 pg/mL for IL-1β and 18.80 ± 27.75 ng/mL for MMP-8. In group 2, the mean values were: 2.10 ± 1.34 pg/mL for TNF-α, 0.71 ± 2.42 pg/mL for IL-1β and 5.35 ± 0.37 ng/mL for MMP-8. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences between groups as referring to all three biomarkers and, TNF-α and MMP-8, in certain stages of periodontitis. The level of TNF-α, IL-1β and MMP-8 points out the increased inflammatory status of the dialysis patient with PD, supporting the mutual connection of the two pathologies.


2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 76-81
Author(s):  
V. V. Davydov ◽  
E. L. Arekhina

Aim.To assess the efficiency of the program of prevention of chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression in patients with acute decompensation of chronic heart failure (CHF). The program included the use of nitrendipine, a calcium channel antagonist, and the replacement of single intravenous bolus dosing of furosemide with a prolonged intravenous infusion in the early stage of the disease.Material and methods.One hundred twenty five patients with decompensation of CHF were examined and divided into 2 groups. Group 1 received standard therapy. In the group 2, an additional prevention program was carried out. The criterion of CKD progression was the change in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in accordance with the KDIGO guidelines (2012). GFR was calculated by two methods: serum creatinine and cystatin C levels. The parameters were monitored and compared with baseline levels at admission to the hospital and on the 10th day of therapy. For the initial level was taken the patient’s GFR, calculated by the serum creatinine level prior to the present hospitalization on the background of a satisfactory condition.Results.At admission to the hospital, in group 1 CKD progression was established in 33,3% of patients, in group 2 — in 29,3%. On the 10th day, CKD progression was noted in 47,4% of patients in group 1, in group 2 — in 23,4%.Conclusion.The prevention program allows to reduce the number of cases of CKD progression in patients with decompensation of CHF by 2 times.


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