scholarly journals Perbandingan Dua Metode Estimasi Pajanan Pestisida di Tempat Kerja

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 210
Author(s):  
Nurhayati Prihartono
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Exposure Estimation ◽  
Pesticide Exposures ◽  
Job Titles ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Pesticides Exposure ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Grain Farmers

Informasi yang valid tentang pajanan masa lalu mungkin sulit didapat dari wawancara individu. Peran ahli seperti higiene industri atau pertanian dalam mengestimasi pajanan pestisida dengan menggunakan jenis pekerjaan dapat meningkatkan validitas data pajanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan pajanan pestisida ditempat kerja yang ditentukan berdasarkan laporan individu dan ahli, serta mempelajari pola perbedaan tingkat pajanan dari keduametode tersebut. Laporan individu berasal dari studi kasus kontrol tentang anemia aplastik di Thailand. Estimasi ahli digunakan untuk menentukan tingkat pajanan terhadap 4 jenis pestisida pada setiap 476 jenis pekerjaan. Instrumen standar dibuat berdasarkan probabilitas pajanan, frekuensi, intensitas dan keyakinan diri dalam menentukan pajanan. Penelitian ini menemukan kesesuaian yang buruk tentang pajanan yang ditentukan oleh kedua metode. Petani padi merupakan kelompok pekerja terbesar yang dinyatakan terpajan ke empat pestisida oleh ahli, tetapi hampir semua petani padi tidak melaporkan keterpajanan tersebut. Ada perbedaan dalam melaporkan pajanan: kelompok kasus, pria, usia muda, dan pekerja yang mempunyai penghasilan tinggi cenderung melaporkan pajanan. Dengan ketidakyakinan estimasi pajanan dari kedua metode ini, maka gabungan pajanan yang berasal dari ahli dan laporan individu akan meningkatkan kegunaan kedua metode dan meningkatkan validitas pajanan.Kata kunci : Pestisida, pajanan, estimasiAbstractObtaining valid information on past exposures from personal interview may be difficult. The role of experts such as industrial hygienists or agronomists in estimating pesticide exposures could improve the validity of data. The aims of this study are to compare occupational pesticides exposures determined by self-reports and experts, and to examine the discrepancies patterns of exposure ratings obtained by two methods. Self-report exposure information was derived from a case-control study of aplastic anemia in Thailand. Expert judgments were used to assign levels of exposure toward 4 different pesticides among 476 job titles. A standardized instrument was developed based on exposure probability, frequency, intensity and confidence rating. There was a poorappropriateness on pesticide exposure ratings obtained by two methods. Expert cited that grain farmers were the most exposed group among job titles from four pesticides; however, almost grain farmers denied the exposures. There was a discrepancy in reporting the exposure; case groups, youth, male and higher incomes were more likely to report the exposures. Due to the uncertainty of exposure estimation from the two methods, combining estimation both of expert and self-report may enhance the utility of both methods and improve the validity of exposure estimation.Key words : Pesticides, exposure, estimation

scholarly journals O5A.2 Musculoskeletal symptoms and work-related accidents: a hospital-based case-control study

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. A41.1-A41
Author(s):  
Adriano Dias ◽  
João Marcos Bernardes ◽  
Juan Gomez-Salgado ◽  
Carlos Ruiz-Frutos
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Musculoskeletal Symptoms ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire ◽  
Control Study

This hospital-based case-control study aimed to determine whether self-reports of musculoskeletal symptoms (MSS) were associated with the occurrence of work-related accidents. Study participants were recruited from the emergency department at Botucatu Medical School University Hospital. Cases were workers who suffered work-related accidents that required hospitalization, while controls were selected patients who suffered a non-work-related accident. Participants were interviewed using a standardized structured questionnaire with close-ended questions and a modified version of the Brazilian Portuguese Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. Associations between self-reports of MSS and work-related accidents were analyzed with two logistic regression models (one for symptoms that occurred in the 12 months period and the other for those that occurred in the previous 7 days). These analyses were performed in two steps: univariate and multiple model. Variables with a P-value ≤0.25 in the univariate analysis were included in the multiple models, using the forward stepwise selection procedure. In the multiple models two-sided P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Altogether, 80 cases and 125 controls were included. The participants had a mean age of 36.9 years (SD = 11.4) and 72.2% were men. In the 12 months multiple logistic regression model, self-report of MSS in the upper limbs (OR 2.689 95% CI 1.357-5.326) was associated with increased odds of work-related accidents occurrence, while in the 7 days multiple logistic regression model, self-report of MSS in the upper limbs (OR 2.374 95% CI 1.083-5.201) and in the vertebral column (OR 2.154 95% CI 1.017-4.561) were associated. Thus, this case–control study suggests that MSS in the upper limbs and in the vertebral column are associated with increased odds of work-related accidents; and that the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire may be used as a complementary screening tool for identifying workers at risk for work-related accidents.

scholarly journals Occupational Exposure to Pesticides and Central Nervous System Tumors: Results from the CERENAT Case-control Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle BALDI ◽  
Lucie De Graaf ◽  
Ghislaine Bouvier ◽  
Anne Gruber ◽  
Hugues Loiseau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Cns Tumors ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background: The etiology of the central nervous system (CNS) tumors remains largely unknown. The role of pesticide exposure has been suggested by several epidemiological studies, but with no definitive conclusion. Objective: To analyze associations between occupational pesticide exposure and primary CNS tumors in adults in the CERENAT study. Methods: CERENAT is a multicenter case-control study conducted in France in 2004-2006. Data about occupational pesticide uses - in and outside agriculture - were collected during detailed face-to-face interviews and reviewed by experts for consistency and exposure assignment. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were estimated with conditional logistic regression. Results: A total of 596 cases (273 gliomas, 218 meningiomas, 105 others) and 1 192 age- and sex-matched controls selected in the general population were analyzed. Direct and indirect exposures to pesticides in agriculture were respectively assigned to 125 (7.0%) and 629 (35.2%) individuals and exposure outside agriculture to 146 (8.2%) individuals. For overall agricultural exposure, we observed no increase in risk for all brain tumors (OR=1.04, 0.69-1.57) and a slight increase for gliomas (OR=1.37, 0.79-2.39). Risks for gliomas were higher when considering agricultural exposure for more than 10 years (OR=2.22, 0.94-2.24) and significantly trebled in open field agriculture (OR=3.58, 1.20-0.70). Increases in risk were also observed in non-agricultural exposures, especially in green space workers who were directly exposed (OR=1.89, 0.82-4.39), and these were statistically significant for those exposed for over 10 years (OR=2.84, 1.15-6.99). Discussion: These data support some previous findings regarding the potential role of occupational exposures to pesticides in CNS tumors, both inside and outside agriculture.

scholarly journals O1A.5 Emergent role of epigenetic biomarkers of pesticides exposure: a case study among women of childbearing age living in meknes (morocco)

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. A4.1-A4
Author(s):  
Aziza Menouni ◽  
Radu-Corneliu Duca ◽  
Manosij Gosh ◽  
Noura Zouine ◽  
Ilham Lhilali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Exposure Level ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Epigenetic Biomarkers ◽  
Pesticides Exposure

Pesticide exposure has been associated with acute and chronic adverse health effects. Current evidence supports that epigenetics may mediate these effects. DNA methylation (DNAm) is one of the broadly investigated epigenetic alteration. Therefore, to date, only limited human data is linking pesticide exposure to global DNAm alterations. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize pesticides exposure in women of reproductive age and investigate whether DNA methylation patterns were related to pesticides exposure level.In a pilot study among 100 women from Meknes (Morocco), we measured 45 analytes (parent molecules and their metabolites) from three chemical families of pesticides: Organochlorines, organophosphates, pyrethroids, in urine and hair using HPLC/MS-MS and GC/MS. Commercial kits were used for quantification of 8-OHdG. We used LC/MS for measuring GSH. Pyrosequencing was used to measure Alu and LINE-1 methylation in DNA isolated from whole blood samples.Pesticides are associated with genomic instability, which is proposed to be sensitive to nutritional intake and may also induce epigenetic changes. We evaluated the effect of life style and dietary intake on epigenetic instability in women. Our research prompts a re-thinking of the role of epigenetics on the understanding of the environmental exposure. We will then explore the role of epigenetic changes in the onset of cancer through the oxidative stress and DNA damage pathways.

scholarly journals Accuracy of Self-Reported Estimates of Daily Voice Use in Adults With Normal and Disordered Voices

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 634-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daryush D. Mehta ◽  
Harold A. Cheyne ◽  
Asa Wehner ◽  
James T. Heaton ◽  
Robert E. Hillman
Keyword(s):  
Ambulatory Monitoring ◽  
Voice Disorders ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Voice Use

Purpose Accurate estimation of daily patterns of vocal behavior is essential to understanding the role of voice use in voice disorders. Given that clinicians currently rely on patient self-report to assess daily vocal behaviors, this study sought to assess the accuracy with which adults with and without voice disorders can estimate their amount of daily voice use in terms of phonation time. Method Eighteen subjects (6 patients, 6 matched members of a control group without voice disorders, 6 low voice users) wore the accelerometer-based Ambulatory Phonation Monitor (APM; model 3200, KayPENTAX, Montvale, NJ) for at least 5 workdays. Subjects were instructed to provide hourly self-reports of time spent talking using a visual analog scale. Spearman correlation coefficients and errors between self-reported and APM-based estimates of phonation time revealed subject- and group-specific characteristics. Results A majority of subjects exhibited a significant bias toward overestimating their phonation times, with an average absolute error of 113%. Correlation coefficients between self-reported and APM-based estimates of phonation time ranged from statistically nonsignificant to .91, reflecting large intersubject variability. Conclusions Subjects in all 3 groups were moderately accurate at estimating their hourly voice use, with a consistent bias toward overestimation. The results support the potential role that ambulatory monitoring could play in improving the clinical assessment of voice disorders.

scholarly journals The Role of Alexithymia in Social Withdrawal during Adolescence: A Case–Control Study

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Sara Iannattone ◽  
Marina Miscioscia ◽  
Alessia Raffagnato ◽  
Michela Gatta
Keyword(s):  
Internalizing Problems ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Social Withdrawal ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Diagnostic Categories ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
Control Study

Although social withdrawal is becoming increasingly common among adolescents, there is still no consensus on its definition from the diagnostic and psychopathological standpoints. So far, research has focused mainly on social withdrawal as a symptom of specific diagnostic categories, such as depression, social phobia, or anxiety disorders, or in the setting of dependence or personality disorders. Few studies have dealt with social withdrawal in terms of its syndromic significance, also considering aspects of emotion control, such as alexithymia. The present case-control study aimed to further investigate the issue of social withdrawal, and try to clarify the part played by alexithymia in a sample of Italian adolescents diagnosed with psychological disorders (n = 80; Average Ageg = 15.2 years, SD = 1.49). Our patients with social withdrawal (cases) scored significantly higher than those without this type of behavior (controls) in every domain of alexithymia investigated, using the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) and with the scales in the Youth Self-Report (YSR) regarding internalizing problems, anxiety–depression, social problems, and total problems. Internalizing problems and total levels of alexithymia also emerged as predictors of social withdrawal. These variables may therefore precede and predispose adolescents to social withdrawal, while social problems may develop as a consequence of the latter.

scholarly journals O2A.5 Agricultural exposures and risk of NHLs, by subtypes: results from the agriculture and cancer (AGRICAN) cohort

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. A14.1-A14
Author(s):  
Amandine Busson ◽  
Séverine Tual ◽  
Mathilde Boulanger ◽  
Marine Renier ◽  
Romain Pons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Cancer Registries ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Cox Models ◽  
Pesticide Exposures ◽  
Cross Linkage ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Incident Cases

PurposeSeveral studies and meta-analyses demonstrated that farmers have an excess risk of Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas (NHL), including Multiple Myeloma (MM). It has been suggested that pesticides could explain these results. Therefore circumstances of pesticide exposures (on crops, seeds or animals) and other farming tasks need to be explored in relation to NHL risk overall and major subtypes. From the large cohort of French farmers AGRICAN, we assessed the risk of NHL by subtypes (1) compared to the general population and (2) among farmers to identify the farm activities and tasks linked to NHLs subtypes.MethodsAGRICAN cohort enrolled more than 1 80 000 adults registered with the Mutualité Sociale Agricole, from 11 areas. Incident NHLs cases were identified by individual cross linkage with cancer registries from enrolment (2005–2007) to 2013. Lifetime work on 13 crops and 5 types of animals and the tasks performed (with duration and size information) were collected by enrollment questionnaire. Standardized incidence ratios (SIR) were calculated. Associations between NHLs and crops, animals and specific tasks were analyzed using Cox models.Results1,133 NHL incident cases were identified (269 MM, 244 chronic lymphocytic leukemia and small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL-SLL), and 190 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL)). Increased risks were observed for NHL overall and MM (SIR=1.05, and SIR=1.23, respectively). Positive associations were observed with exposure to pesticides i) on crops: DLBCL (grassland), MM (corn, wheat/barley and potato), CLL-SLL (corn, wheat/barley and vineyard) and DLBCL (tobacco), ii) in seed treatment: in CLL-SLL (sunflower, wheat/barley) and in MM (wheat/barley, corn) and iii) for use on animals (MM). Other tasks were linked to NHL risk: hay making (LDGCB) and harvesting corn (MM) and wheat/barley (CLL-SLL).ConclusionOur results supports the role of pesticide exposure on NHL risk, not only on crops. Moreover, specific associations according to NHLs subtypes were observed.

Where Time Goes

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aytekin Isman ◽  
Zehra Altınay ◽  
Fahriye A. Altınay
Keyword(s):  
Time Management ◽  
Professional Growth ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Online Technology ◽  
Self Reports

The aim of this research study is to explore the role of technology in managing leisure time in a productive and socialized way for a professional growth of the graduates who have studied for a master’s degree in the field of education. In this respect, pre-service teachers reflected, through-self reports, on how they used their leisure time learning with the help of the technology. 38 volunteer pre-service teachers became part of the qualitative research in order to gain insights about leisure time management in a productive way. Case study was employed as research approach and self-report provided valuable qualitative data for the research focus. This research study revealed that pre-service teachers have the ability to manage leisure time with various social activities. Significantly, the online technology also enriches personal and professional growth.

scholarly journals Loneliness as a partial mediator of the relation between low social preference in childhood and anxious/depressed symptoms in adolescence

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 479-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reid Griffith Fontaine ◽  
Chongming Yang ◽  
Virginia Salzer Burks ◽  
Kenneth A. Dodge ◽  
Joseph M. Price ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Social Preference ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Peer Report ◽  
Depressed Symptoms

AbstractThis study examined the mediating role of loneliness (assessed by self-report at Time 2; Grade 6) in the relation between early social preference (assessed by peer report at Time 1; kindergarten through Grade 3) and adolescent anxious/depressed symptoms (assessed by mother, teacher, and self-reports at Time 3; Grades 7–9). Five hundred eighty-five boys and girls (48% female; 16% African American) from three geographic sites of the Child Development Project were followed from kindergarten through Grade 9. Loneliness partially mediated and uniquely incremented the significant effect of low social preference in childhood on anxious/depressed symptoms in adolescence, controlling for early anxious/depressed symptoms at Time 1. Findings are critical to understanding the psychological functioning through which early social experiences affect youths' maladjusted development. Directions for basic and intervention research are discussed, and implications for treatment are addressed.

Indirect Assessment of Attitudes with Response-Time-Based Measures

2006 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliane Degner ◽  
Dirk Wentura ◽  
Klaus Rothermund
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Incremental Validity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Implicit Measures ◽  
Scale Theory ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Predicting Behavior ◽  
Social Cognitive Theories

Abstract: We review research on response-latency based (“implicit”) measures of attitudes by examining what hopes and intentions researchers have associated with their usage. We identified the hopes of (1) gaining better measures of interindividual differences in attitudes as compared to self-report measures (quality hope); (2) better predicting behavior, or predicting other behaviors, as compared to self-reports (incremental validity hope); (3) linking social-cognitive theories more adequately to empirical research (theory-link hope). We argue that the third hope should be the starting point for using these measures. Any attempt to improve these measures should include the search for a small-scale theory that adequately explains the basic effects found with such a measure. To date, small-scale theories for different measures are not equally well developed.

An Alternative to Self-Reports of Trait and State Affect

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Quirin ◽  
Regina C. Bode
Keyword(s):  
Self Report ◽  
Factorial Validity ◽  
Artificial Language ◽  
Cognitive Representation ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Novel Variants ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
State Affect ◽  
Affective Experiences ◽  
Automatic Activation

Self-report measures for the assessment of trait or state affect are typically biased by social desirability or self-delusion. The present work provides an overview of research using a recently developed measure of automatic activation of cognitive representation of affective experiences, the Implicit Positive and Negative Affect Test (IPANAT). In the IPANAT, participants judge the extent to which nonsense words from an alleged artificial language express a number of affective states or traits. The test demonstrates appropriate factorial validity and reliabilities. We review findings that support criterion validity and, additionally, present novel variants of this procedure for the assessment of the discrete emotions such as happiness, anger, sadness, and fear.

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