scholarly journals Accuracy of Self-Reported Estimates of Daily Voice Use in Adults With Normal and Disordered Voices

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 634-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daryush D. Mehta ◽  
Harold A. Cheyne ◽  
Asa Wehner ◽  
James T. Heaton ◽  
Robert E. Hillman
Keyword(s):  
Ambulatory Monitoring ◽  
Voice Disorders ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Voice Use

Purpose Accurate estimation of daily patterns of vocal behavior is essential to understanding the role of voice use in voice disorders. Given that clinicians currently rely on patient self-report to assess daily vocal behaviors, this study sought to assess the accuracy with which adults with and without voice disorders can estimate their amount of daily voice use in terms of phonation time. Method Eighteen subjects (6 patients, 6 matched members of a control group without voice disorders, 6 low voice users) wore the accelerometer-based Ambulatory Phonation Monitor (APM; model 3200, KayPENTAX, Montvale, NJ) for at least 5 workdays. Subjects were instructed to provide hourly self-reports of time spent talking using a visual analog scale. Spearman correlation coefficients and errors between self-reported and APM-based estimates of phonation time revealed subject- and group-specific characteristics. Results A majority of subjects exhibited a significant bias toward overestimating their phonation times, with an average absolute error of 113%. Correlation coefficients between self-reported and APM-based estimates of phonation time ranged from statistically nonsignificant to .91, reflecting large intersubject variability. Conclusions Subjects in all 3 groups were moderately accurate at estimating their hourly voice use, with a consistent bias toward overestimation. The results support the potential role that ambulatory monitoring could play in improving the clinical assessment of voice disorders.

scholarly journals Perbandingan Dua Metode Estimasi Pajanan Pestisida di Tempat Kerja

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 210
Author(s):  
Nurhayati Prihartono
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Exposure Estimation ◽  
Pesticide Exposures ◽  
Job Titles ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Pesticides Exposure ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Grain Farmers

Informasi yang valid tentang pajanan masa lalu mungkin sulit didapat dari wawancara individu. Peran ahli seperti higiene industri atau pertanian dalam mengestimasi pajanan pestisida dengan menggunakan jenis pekerjaan dapat meningkatkan validitas data pajanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan pajanan pestisida ditempat kerja yang ditentukan berdasarkan laporan individu dan ahli, serta mempelajari pola perbedaan tingkat pajanan dari keduametode tersebut. Laporan individu berasal dari studi kasus kontrol tentang anemia aplastik di Thailand. Estimasi ahli digunakan untuk menentukan tingkat pajanan terhadap 4 jenis pestisida pada setiap 476 jenis pekerjaan. Instrumen standar dibuat berdasarkan probabilitas pajanan, frekuensi, intensitas dan keyakinan diri dalam menentukan pajanan. Penelitian ini menemukan kesesuaian yang buruk tentang pajanan yang ditentukan oleh kedua metode. Petani padi merupakan kelompok pekerja terbesar yang dinyatakan terpajan ke empat pestisida oleh ahli, tetapi hampir semua petani padi tidak melaporkan keterpajanan tersebut. Ada perbedaan dalam melaporkan pajanan: kelompok kasus, pria, usia muda, dan pekerja yang mempunyai penghasilan tinggi cenderung melaporkan pajanan. Dengan ketidakyakinan estimasi pajanan dari kedua metode ini, maka gabungan pajanan yang berasal dari ahli dan laporan individu akan meningkatkan kegunaan kedua metode dan meningkatkan validitas pajanan.Kata kunci : Pestisida, pajanan, estimasiAbstractObtaining valid information on past exposures from personal interview may be difficult. The role of experts such as industrial hygienists or agronomists in estimating pesticide exposures could improve the validity of data. The aims of this study are to compare occupational pesticides exposures determined by self-reports and experts, and to examine the discrepancies patterns of exposure ratings obtained by two methods. Self-report exposure information was derived from a case-control study of aplastic anemia in Thailand. Expert judgments were used to assign levels of exposure toward 4 different pesticides among 476 job titles. A standardized instrument was developed based on exposure probability, frequency, intensity and confidence rating. There was a poorappropriateness on pesticide exposure ratings obtained by two methods. Expert cited that grain farmers were the most exposed group among job titles from four pesticides; however, almost grain farmers denied the exposures. There was a discrepancy in reporting the exposure; case groups, youth, male and higher incomes were more likely to report the exposures. Due to the uncertainty of exposure estimation from the two methods, combining estimation both of expert and self-report may enhance the utility of both methods and improve the validity of exposure estimation.Key words : Pesticides, exposure, estimation

scholarly journals Agreement Between Proxy-Rated and Self-Reported Quality of Life for Persons With Dementia

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 262-262
Author(s):  
Mariko Sakka ◽  
Ayumi Igarashi ◽  
Chie Fukui ◽  
Maiko Noguchi-Watanabe ◽  
Asa Inagaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Proxy Rating ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Two Measures

Abstract While quality of life (QOL) is an important endpoint of homecare for persons with dementia (PWD), PWDs often have difficulty in articulating their QOL by themselves. Instead proxy-rating is often used. However, evidence is still scarce regarding to what extent proxy-ratings reflect actual QOL of PWDs. We examined the association between self-report QOL by PWDs and proxy-rated QOL. We conducted a questionnaire survey to PWDs who were 75 years and older, their family, and homecare nurse in charge of the PWD. Two measures were used: 1) a newly developed, 4-item self-report for QOL of PWDs, and 2) a standardized, 6-item proxy-rating dementia QOL scale. In the self-report, the PWD were asked about their daily mood or satisfaction in life in brief, easy-to-understand sentences. The self-reports and proxy-ratings were compared using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Data from 382 PWDs, 248 family caregivers and 124 nurses were used. The mean age of PWD was 85.9 years and 60.5% were female. The proxy-rating by nurses were more strongly associated with self-reports, compared to the association between family proxy rating and self-reports (r = 0.351, p < .001; r = 0.236, p < .001, respectively). Proxy ratings by spouses and biological children were significantly associated with self-report (r = 0.257, p =.004; r =. 204, p = .006, respectively), while rating by children-in-law were not (r = 0.217, p = .160). Proxy-ratings may not be an appropriate substitute for self-report. Homecare nurses may evaluate the QOL of PWD better than their family caregiver.

scholarly journals The Role of Predisposition to Hallucinations on Non-Clinical Paranoid vs. Socially Anxious Individuals after Hearing Negative Affective-Laden Sounds: An Experimental Investigation

2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bárbara Lopes ◽  
José Pinto-Gouveia
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Ocean Waves ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Paranoid Ideation ◽  
Anxiety Group ◽  
Self Reports

Background:Research suggested that negative affective-laden sounds act as environmental stressors that elicit negative affect (Bradley and Lang, 2000a).Aims:We tried to test for the role of an interaction between predisposition to hallucinatory experiences and exposure to negative affective laden sounds for the presence of paranoid ideation.Method:We used an experimental design that followed the vulnerability × stress model. We defined three groups from a sample of students: paranoia group vs. social anxiety group vs. control group. Their psychological characteristics were measured through self-reports of paranoia, anxiety, predisposition to hallucinations and depressive symptoms at Time 1 (before the experiment). Participants had to listen to either negative affective laden sounds (e.g. screaming) or positive affective laden sounds (e.g. sound of ocean waves). Their paranoid ideation and positive vs. negative emotional reactions to sounds were measured through self-reports at Time 2 (after the experiment).Results:Data showed that the paranoia group presented more serious psychological vulnerabilities than the social anxiety group. A MANCOVA also showed that the independent variables (“group” and “experimental sound conditions”) had statistically significant main effects on general paranoia ideation at Time 2. Furthermore, there was a significant three-way interaction between group x predisposition to hallucinatory experiences × experimental condition of sounds for the presence of general paranoid ideation at Time 2. Limitations included the small sample size and the effects of parasite variables, e.g. noise.Conclusions:Individuals’ predisposition for hallucinatory experiences increases the probability of possessing paranoid ideation. This tendency is a characteristic of paranoid non-clinical individuals.

scholarly journals Differences Between Female Singers With Phonotrauma and Vocally Healthy Matched Controls in Singing and Speaking Voice Use During 1 Week of Ambulatory Monitoring

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-209
Author(s):  
Laura E. Toles ◽  
Andrew J. Ortiz ◽  
Katherine L. Marks ◽  
James A. Burns ◽  
Tiffiny Hron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ambulatory Monitoring ◽  
Acceleration Signal ◽  
Mixed Analysis ◽  
Vocal Hyperfunction ◽  
Cepstral Peak Prominence ◽  
Speaking Voice ◽  
Female Singers ◽  
Vocal Dose ◽  
Voice Use

Purpose Previous ambulatory voice monitoring studies have included many singers and have combined speech and singing in the analyses. This study applied a singing classifier to the ambulatory recordings of singers with phonotrauma and healthy controls to determine if analyzing speech and singing separately would reveal voice use differences that could provide new insights into the etiology and pathophysiology of phonotrauma in this at-risk population. Method Forty-two female singers with phonotrauma (vocal fold nodules or polyps) and 42 healthy matched controls were monitored using an ambulatory voice monitor. Weeklong statistics (average, standard deviation, skewness, kurtosis) for sound pressure level (SPL), fundamental frequency, cepstral peak prominence, the magnitude ratio of the first two harmonics ( H 1 –H 2 ), and three vocal dose measures were computed from the neck surface acceleration signal and separated into singing and speech using a singing classifier. Results Mixed analysis of variance models found expected differences between singing and speech in each voice parameter, except SPL kurtosis. SPL skewness, SPL kurtosis, and all H 1 –H 2 distributional parameters differentiated patients and controls when singing and speech were combined. Interaction effects were found in H 1 –H 2 kurtosis and all vocal dose measures. Patients had significantly higher vocal doses in speech compared to controls. Conclusions Consistent with prior work, the pathophysiology of phonotrauma in singers is characterized by more abrupt/complete glottal closure (decreased mean and variation for H 1 –H 2 ) and increased laryngeal forces (negatively skewed SPL distribution) during phonation. Application of a singing classifier to weeklong data revealed that singers with phonotrauma spent more time speaking on a weekly basis, but not more time singing, compared to controls. Results are used as a basis for hypothesizing about the role of speaking voice in the etiology of phonotraumatic vocal hyperfunction in singers.

Stress, Anxiety, Somatic Complaints, and Voice Use in Women With Vocal Nodules

1996 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan L. Goldman ◽  
Joan Hargrave ◽  
Robert E. Hillman ◽  
Eva Holmberg ◽  
Carla Gress
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Voice Disorders ◽  
Somatic Complaints ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Preliminary Examination ◽  
History Of ◽  
Vocal Nodules ◽  
Voice Use

Psychosocial factors long have been associated with the development of hyperfunctional voice disorders such as vocal nodules. However, experimental evidence concerning the role of these factors in the etiology of vocal nodules specifically is sparse. The present study represents a preliminary examination of some psychosocial factors for 3 groups of adult female subjects: 27 with vocal nodules, 17 with hyperfunctionally related voice disorders other than nodules (pathological control), and 33 with no history of voice disorders (normal control). Four psychosocial factors were studied: stress (measured by the Social Readjustment Rating Questionnaire), anxiety (measured by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory), voice use, and somatic complaints (both measured by our own instruments). Relative to the normal control group, the patients with nodules showed significantly increased scores on all factors except stress. The pathological control group showed significantly increased scores on all factors except voice use. No significant differences were found between the group with nodules and the pathological control group on any factor. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for clinical practice and future research.

scholarly journals Does empathy always inhibit amorality and offending?

Psihologija ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatjana Vukosavljevic-Gvozden ◽  
Goran Opacic ◽  
Ivana Perunicic-Mladenovic
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Empathy ◽  
Criminal History ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Emotional Empathy ◽  
Specific Nature ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Male Prisoners

Results of previous studies have been inconsistent over the role of emotional and cognitive empathy in aggressive and antisocial behavior. The aim of this study is to clarify the specific nature of the empathic profiles associated with different types of amoral behavior (induced by impulsivity, frustration and brutality), measured through self-reports. The sample consists of male prisoners who have committed violent and non-violent types of offenses (robberies and thefts) and the control group with no criminal history (N=200). Results demonstrate that general amorality which combines all three types of amoral attitudes is negatively associated both with emotional and cognitive empathy, but the association with the emotional empathy is much stronger one. On the other hand, amorality induced by frustration (characterized by resentment, dark picture of reality which justifies personal Machiavellianism) is positively associated with cognitive empathy which might be used for manipulation. These results provide guidelines for empathy trainings for offenders, highlighting the significance of increasing emotional empathy

Ambulatory Monitoring of Daily Voice Use

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Hillman ◽  
Daryush D. Mehta
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Ambulatory Monitoring ◽  
Vocal Behavior ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Vocal Function ◽  
Current State ◽  
Voice Use ◽  
Insight Into

Many common voice disorders are chronic or recurring conditions likely to result from faulty and/or abusive patterns of vocal behavior. Such behaviorally based disorders can be difficult to assess accurately in the clinical setting and potentially could be much better characterized by long-term ambulatory monitoring of vocal function as individuals engage in their typical daily activities. Ambulatory monitoring also could provide new insight into the actual role of voice use in common disorders and missing quantitative data on what constitutes normal levels of daily voice use for different groups of individuals, activities, and occupations. This report describes the motivation, previous development efforts, current state-of-the-art technology, and future directions in ambulatory monitoring of voice use.

scholarly journals For Whom Is Anti-Bullying Intervention Most Effective? The Role of Temperament

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annalaura Nocentini ◽  
Benedetta Palladino ◽  
Ersilia Menesini
Keyword(s):  
Effortful Control ◽  
Early Adolescents ◽  
Sixth Grade ◽  
Considerable Effect ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intervention Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Post Test

Studying moderators of the effects of anti-bullying universal interventions is essential to elucidate what works for whom and to tailor more intensive, selective, and indicated programs which meet the needs of non-responders. The present study investigated whether early adolescents’ temperament—effortful control (EC), negative emotionality (NE), and positive emotionality (PE)—moderates the effects of the KiVa anti-bullying program. The sample consisted of 13 schools, with 1051 sixth-grade early adolescents (mean age = 10.93; SD = 0.501), randomly assigned to the KiVa intervention (seven schools; n = 536) or to the control condition (six schools; n = 516). Adolescents reported bullying and victimization before the intervention (pre-test) and after (post-test). Temperament was assessed by a self-report pre-test. Findings showed that EC and NE moderated intervention effects on bullying, indicating that subgroups with high levels of EC, and with low and medium levels of NE were those who benefited most from the intervention. The low-EC subgroup showed a lower increase compared to the control condition, with a considerable effect size. Conversely, the high-NE subgroup did not show any positive effects compared to the control group. Regarding victimization, findings showed that early adolescents with high and medium levels of PE were the subgroups who benefited the most from the intervention, whereas the low-PE subgroup was the most resistant. The present study confirms the relevance of considering temperament as a moderator of intervention effects, since interventions tailored to early adolescents with specific traits might yield larger effects.

scholarly journals Examining the Effects of Brief Mindfulness Training on Athletes’ Flow: The Mediating Role of Resilience

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Fengbo Liu ◽  
Zhongqiu Zhang ◽  
Shuqiang Liu ◽  
Nan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mindfulness Training ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mixed Design ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Strong Concentration ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Before And After

Background. Flow is characterized by the strong concentration in competitions, eliminating irrelevant thoughts and emotions, integrating all tasks, and continuing the competition smoothly even in challenging situations. The present study was into whether or not brief mindfulness training can improve athletes’ flow and further explore the mediating effect of resilience in the intervention. Methods. The 2 (experimental conditions) × 2 (time) mixed design was used in this study. Fifty-seven student-athletes were recruited and randomly assigned into either a brief mindfulness group (n = 29) or a control group (n = 28). Before and after the intervention, every participant completed a self-report measure including mindfulness, flow, and resilience. Results. Participants in the brief mindfulness group showed increased mindfulness, flow, and resilience ( p < 0.001 ) after brief mindfulness training; when putting resilience change (B = 0.30, 95% CI [0.031, 0.564]) into the equation, the direct (95% CI [3.156, 13.583]) and indirect (95% CI [0.470, 5.048]) effects of mindfulness training were both significant. Conclusion. It was concluded that brief mindfulness training could significantly improve athletes’ flow and resilience, and resilience partly mediated the effects of brief mindfulness training on flow.

scholarly journals Effect of Dysfunctional Attitudes on Orientation of Anger in Major Depressive Disorder

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaoni Roy Chowdhury ◽  
Prof. Sadhan Das Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Dysfunctional Attitudes ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Group ◽  
Major Depression Disorder ◽  
Dysfunctional Attitude ◽  
And Control ◽  
Depression Disorder

The purpose of this study was to identify the influence of Dysfunctional Attitudes in delineating the orientation of Anger among Major Depression Disorder patients and control population. Dysfunctional Attitude has long been established as a precursor of depressive symptoms. However there is a dearth of studies on the correlates of Dysfunctional Attitude and orientation of Anger. A total of 60 participants (30 Major Depression Disorder, 30 Control) were asked to fill up a self-report paper pencil questionnaire that measured orientation of Anger, Neuroticism and Dysfunctional Attitude. Results indicated higher Anger suppression, Dysfunctional Attitude, and higher neuroticism scores for the clinical group than control group. When Neuroticism was controlled, Dysfunctional Attitude was found to be positively correlated with temperamental and Internalized Anger in the clinical group; however in the control group it remained uncorrelated with the direction of Anger. Stepwise multiple regressions indicated Dysfunctional Attitude to be significant predictor of Internalized Anger in clinical group while Neuroticism was found to be a significant predictor of Internalized Anger for the control group. The present finding suggests the role of Dysfunctional Attitude in defining the orientation of Anger among the Major Depression Disorder group and also elucidates the relationship between Dysfunctional Attitude and Neuroticism with both Internalized and Externalized Anger.

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