scholarly journals The Development of Joint Stock Companies according to Kosovo’s Legislation and their Comparison with the Region

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
MSc. Detrina Alishani
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
Legal Aspect ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Business Organization ◽  
Investment Climate ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Commercial Law

Joint Stock companies or Corporations are the highest forms of business organization and are regulated by law. As the most organized business forms, they have special importance on economic development of a country and that their development and their regulation determine the economic and political stability of a country. To describe corporations and their regulation from the legal aspect, namely to use the descriptive technique, are used secondary data. In this paper has been implemented also the comparative method in order to compare the development of joint stock companies in Kosovo with those in the region. More specifically, the comparison is made with Albania, Macedonia, Montenegro, Croatia and some other countries of the Western Balkans. The legal framework of all these countries is analyzed in detail and comparisons are based on those findings.From this comparison it is noted that while the joint stock companies in other countries have started to act very early, Kosovo as a country which has recently come out of war has managed to issue a law that does not differentiate greatly from any other legislation of neighbouring countries.From the conducted research, it is noted that Kosovo has made progress in terms of legislation in the field of commercial law, which has resulted in improving the investment climate and organization of joint stock companies.

PRAVNI OKVIRI EKONOMSKOG KORIŠĆENjA KASPIJSKOG MORA

2021 ◽  
pp. 83-98
Author(s):  
Milan Palević ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
Legal Aspect ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
International Agreements ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Economic Exploitation ◽  
The Status

The main goal of this research is to present the legal framework that determines the manner and scope of exploitation of natural resources in the Caspian region. This goal was achieved by analyzing the relevant international agreements applied in this geographical area, using the historical method. Then, the relevant international agreements and customs that are applied to the status issues of the sea and lakes, which are important for defining the legal regime of reference for regulating the use of these waters and their resources, are analyzed. In this part of the analysis, a comparative method was mostly used, which compared the provisions contained in universal international treaties with the provisions contained in regional international treaties. The main results of the research, in the part related to the status determination of the Caspian water basin, is that none of the known concepts for determining the status can be fully applied to it, that it contains elements of the closed sea, and elements of the border lake and elements condominium, and that all this together potentially represents elements of a new unique concept. In the part of the paper that refers to the legal framework of exploitation of the observed area, the main conclusion is that the most reference norms for its determination are contained in regional instruments that regulate the issue of environmental protection because they direct the manner and scope of economic exploitation. The limitations of this research are first of all that of several aspects of the status determination of the observed area, it is limited only to the legal aspect, and that it is limited to the analysis of the impact of environmental norms on the subject of research.

scholarly journals Legal Measures To Deal With Covid-19 Pandemic Disaster In India

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (I) ◽  
pp. 01-06
Author(s):  
Dr. Parag Garg
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Management ◽  
Legal Aspect ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Legal Control ◽  
The Government

The main purpose of this paper is to find a legal framework to deal with an unexpected epidemic i. e. Covid-19 disaster in India. This paper is also focused on to legal control the outbreak of deadly global pandemic Covid-19 in India; the Government of India imposed a nationwide lockdown. The lockdown has been carried out by State Governments on the directions of the Union Ministry of Home Affairs under the Disaster Management Act, 2005. Secondary data has been taken in this paper to identify the legal aspect of disaster management. Several legal arrangements have been cited in the context of disaster management in India.

scholarly journals ASPEK HUKUM DALAM PELESTARIAN SUMBER DAYA GENETIK LAUT: KEBUTUHAN DAN TANTANGAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-146
Author(s):  
Isna Fatimah
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Legal Aspect ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
International Agreements ◽  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
Normative Approach ◽  
Potential Benefits

AbstrakPelestarian sumber daya genetik laut (SDG laut) merupakan kegiatan yang meliputi upaya-upaya pemanfaatan dan pelindungan SDG laut sebagai investasi potensial dalam mewujudkan pembangunan berkelanjutan. Sebagai negara yang dianugerahi kemewahan wilayah laut kepulauan, seharusnya perhatian terhadap SDG laut sudah mengemuka. Sayangnya, Indonesia belum mempunyai kerangka hukum yang komprehensif dalam mengatur pelestarian SDG laut. Tulisan ini bermaksud memberikan gambaran tentang kebutuhan dan tantangan Indonesia dalam mengatur pelestarian SDG laut. Fokus penulisan dibatasi pada aspek hukum dalam manajemen pemanfaatan dan pelindungan SDG laut. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan normatif dengan menelaah perjanjian internasional yang telah diratifikasi Indonesia, berkenaan dengan hukum laut dan keanekaragaman hayati, serta beberapa peraturan nasional lain yang terkait. Adapun berbagai teori dan informasi pendukung diperoleh melalui data dan bahan hukum sekunder. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebutuhan sekaligus menjadi tantangan dalam membangun kerangka hukum pelestarian SDG laut meliputi: (1) pembuatan kerangka kebijakan integratif tentang penguasaan negara dan hak masyarakat atas pemanfaatan SDG laut; (2) penguatan koordinasi antar instansi yang mengemban fungsi terkait pelestarian SDG laut; dan (3) penguatan dan harmonisasi berbagai peraturan perundang-undangan terkait pelestarian SDG laut. AbstractThe scope of preserving marine genetic resources (MGRs) shall involve the act of utilization and protection towards sowing potential benefits to reach sustainable development. Privileged by its archipelagic form, Indonesia should have been in the forefront in valuing the importance of MGRs. Unfortunately, comprehensive regulations on the preservation of MGRs are not yet exist in Indonesia. This article aims to give description on the needs and challenges to regulate preservation of MGRs in Indonesia. This article is focusing on legal aspect in the management of utilization and protection of MGRs. Method conducted for this research is normative approach by analyzing ratified international agreements regarding law of the sea and biodiversity and other relevant national regulations. Meanwhile, supporting theories and information are obtained through secondary data and literature of laws. The research shows that needs as well as challenges in designing legal framework on MGRs requires: (1) creating integrative policy on State’s sovereignty and people’s right over MGRs utilization; (2) strengtening coordination among institutions; and (3) strengthening and harmonizing regulations related to MGRs.

Cyber crimes in the banking sector: Case study of Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
LE Thanh Tam ◽  
Nguyen Minh Chau ◽  
Pham Ngoc Mai ◽  
Ngo Ha Phuong ◽  
Vu Khanh Huyen Tran
Keyword(s):  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Technological Revolution ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Cyber Crimes

The technological revolution 4.0 brings great opportunities, but also cybercrimes to economic sectors, especially to banks. Using secondary data and survey results of 305 bank clients, the main findings of this paper are: (i) there are several types of cybercrimes in the banking sector; (ii) Vietnam is one of the top countries worldwide having hackers and being attacked by hackers, especially the banking sector. Three most common attacks are skimming, hacking and phishing. Number of cybercrime attacks in Vietnam are increasing rapidly over years; (iii) Vietnamese customers are very vulnerable to cybercrime in banking, as more than 58% seem to hear about cybercrimes, and how banks provide services to let them know about their transactions. However, more than 50% do not have any deep knowledge or any measures for preventing cybercrime; (iii) Customers believe in banks, but do not think that banks can deal with cybercrime issues well. They still feel traditional transactions are more secure than e-transactions; (iv) the reasons for high cybercrimes come from commercial banks (low management and human capacity), supporting environment (inadequate), legal framework (not yet strong and strict enough on cybercrimes), and clients (low level of financial literacy). Therefore, several solutions should be carried out, from all stakeholders, for improving the cybersecurity in Vietnamese banks. 

BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT EFFICIENCY AND COMPETTIIVENESS OF LOCALLY MANUFACTURED GOODS BY AUTOSTERILE EAST AFRICA, KENYA

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-21
Author(s):  
Margaret Kamau ◽  
Isabella Sile
Keyword(s):  
East Africa ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Middle Level ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Manufactured Goods

Absrtact This study investigated the influence of business environment efficiency on competitiveness of locally manufactured goods by Autosterile East Africa, Kenya. This study used case study design. This study sampled 69 respondents, including 8 top level employees, 22 middle level employees and 39 lower level employees in Autosterile East Africa. Census sampling was used to select the respondents. Secondary data was obtained from the Autosterile East Africa publications that touches on determinants of competitiveness. Questionnaires used in the survey formed the primary data and was analyzed by use of Statistical Packages for Social Science version 23. Linear regression analysis was done to test the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. The study findings led to the conclusion that business environment efficiency have a positive relationship with competitiveness of locally manufactured goods. The findings revealed that business environment efficiency is significant determinant of competitiveness of locally manufactured goods. It was found out that the demand for goods and services and political stability influences competition of goods and services. The regulations dictate the competition among companies and supply of goods and services controls a firm's competitive advantage. Keywords: Business environment efficiency, competitiveness, Locally manufactured goods, Autosterile East Africa.

scholarly journals Disputes and their Resolution in the Electronic Communications Market

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Jonida Gjika
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Fundamental Aspect ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Electronic Communications ◽  
Short Treatment ◽  
Effective Competition ◽  
Regulatory Policies ◽  
Legal Remedies ◽  
Eu Directives

This short treatment introduces the concept of potential disputes in the electronic communications market, their typology and the background in which exist premises to arise desputes in this market. Broadly represents the forecast of domestic regulatory and legal framework for the treatment of desputes existing in this market, approximation of legislation with EU directives, ways to resolve disputes arising in the potential levels of the market in which those disputes arise. As a summary is treated the concept of internal market/markets structure as domestic part of the electronic communications market, identifying the importance of "treatment" of state and regulatory policies, and their impact on the design, planning and management strategies of the market players. The case of Albania is breafly treated regarding to the aspects referred in topic, closely linked with desputes and their treatment, paying a special importance administrative settlement in procedural terms. Identification of regulatory effect, as potential to be measured and compared with analog markets, and services offered in these markets with other countries, regional, of EU, or wider and mainly in the aspect from they derive, which highly propable are connected to services offered - their tariff - quality products / services. Briefly on the importance of effective competition and its impact on the number of disputes arising in such a market, considering liberalization as factor of market as fundamental aspect in the development of the market, increasing the number of providers of products / services and legal remedies forecast with specific criteria that maximize protection of users of products / services offered.

scholarly journals How Does the Budget Deficit Affect Inflation Rate – Evidence from Western Balkans Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-10
Author(s):  
Esat Ali Durguti
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Budget Deficit ◽  
Inflation Rate ◽  
Multivariate Time Series ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Vector Error Correction ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Vector Error ◽  
Point Increase

The main purpose of this study is to investigate if determinants that we selected in our analysis have any effects on inflation rate in Western Balkans Countries[1] by using panel data for the period of 2001-2017, in yearly basis in total of 102 observation. The study used quantitative analysis approach and secondary data by applying the multivariate time series, respectively vector error correction model [VECM]. Multivariate time series was applied to investigate whether the budget deficit and other explanatory variable have any significant impact on inflation rate. The results from our analysis shows that three of four determinates that we used are significant on inflation rate. The model summaries statistics for inflation rate which shows that inflation rate has a moderate correlation with explanatory variables that we used in our model, that explanatory variables explain 45.5 percent of dependent variable and we can conclude that a model is a proper and fit. The results suggest that one percent point increase in budget deficit to GDP ratio is associated with about a 9.34 percent point increase in inflation rate.  The overall inference is that the ratios that we selected has a significant influence on the inflation rate in Western Balkans Countries.      [1] Western Balkans Countries: Albania, Bosnia & Hercegovina, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia and Serbia.

scholarly journals DEFENDING THE STATE THROUGH LOCAL FOOD CAMPAIGN ON INTERNET MEDIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lusia Handayani ◽  
Munawar K. Nahrawi
Keyword(s):  
Local Food ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
The State ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Internet Media ◽  
The Government ◽  
State Defense ◽  
Use Of Internet

<p>Food is the fundamental right of every human being. Communities or nations that are not satisfied with food sufficiency will have the potential to cause economic instability and even to bring down a government. Dependence on rice as a staple food can threaten economic and political stability when food is not adequately covered. One alternative that can be made to avoid the threat is to switch to other carbohydrates-based foods that grow in Indonesia, including sweet potato, cassava, arrowroot, and ganyong. However, those local food variety is still considered as second-class food, due to the persistence to rice-eating culture. Therefore, there is a necessity to create a local food campaign on internet media. The Internet is now growing into a medium capable to reach all kinds of people in a quick and precise manner. This descriptive study uses secondary data such as books and journals related to state defense and food security. The study finds that the use of internet as a medium for local food campaign to the community has not been implemented optimally, both by the government and non-government. In line with the rapid development of the internet and the importance of defending the country in all aspects, local food campaigns through internet media require the participation of all stakeholders.</p><p align="left"> </p><strong>Keywords</strong>: defending of the state, local food campaign, internet

scholarly journals MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES AT WORKPLACE: AN OVERVIEW OF LAW AND POLICY IN MALAYSIA AND UNITED KINGDOM (UK)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (21) ◽  
pp. 316-329
Author(s):  
Ruzita Azmi ◽  
Siti Nur Samawati Ahmad ◽  
Bidayatul Akmal Mustafa Kamil
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Law And Policy ◽  
The Uk

Surveys showed that workers in Malaysia are at high risk of health problems including mental health problems that stemmed from the rising stress level at work. Despite having employees’ safety, health, and welfare being codified, depression will be a major mental health illness among Malaysian by 2020. The Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 (OSHA 1994) that caters to legislative framework in terms of securing safety, health, and welfare among Malaysian workforces has no provisions to provide a supportive environment for mental health wellbeing at the workplace as well as support for employees with a mental health problem. Furthermore, OSHA 1994 is self-regulated, causing fewer employers to develop OSH codes of practice and guidelines. This is among the weaknesses of OSHA 1994. This paper aims to examine the existing law and policy in Malaysia on mental health at the workplace. It also aims to compare the policy and legal framework in developed commonwealth countries such as the UK. This paper applies qualitative and comparative methods, consisting of a doctrinal legal research approach to understand the principles of law and policies dealing with mental health. A comparative method is employed in order to compare the policies and legal frameworks of mental health wellbeing in developed countries such as the UK. The comparative approach involves an examination of the similarities and dissimilarities between situations within the same legal system. The paper concludes that in order to support mental health and wellbeing at the workplace, a comprehensive legal framework and effective policy are needed especially for Malaysia. Compared with the UK, Malaysia is still lagged behind and has so much to learn from UK’s experiences to tackle issues on mental health.

scholarly journals Technical requirements for acceptance of works on track

Tehnika ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-444
Author(s):  
Zdenka Popović ◽  
Luka Lazarević ◽  
Milica Mićić ◽  
Nikola Mirković
Keyword(s):  
Legal Framework ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
European Standard ◽  
Track Geometry ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
National Technical ◽  
Track Condition ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Technical Regulations

This paper presents technical requirements for acceptance of track works according to European standard EN 13231-1, which was adopted as Serbian standard in 2014. The standard applies to track with standard gauge (1435 mm) layed in ballast bed. Requirements for acceptance of works should be applied for laying of the new track, as well as for reconstruction, renewal and maintenance of the existing track. Paper points out that, despite of established legal framework in the Republic of Serbia, national technical regulations are still not harmonised with the requirements of the standard. The special importance is drawn to establishment of the procedures for measuring the relevant parameters and controling the track condition, as well as procedures for documenting measurement results and performed controls. In addition, paper shows prescribed tolerances for track geometry parameters and track superstructure elements according to EN 13321-1. Acceptance deadline has special importance and it should be defined in the contract between Infrastructure Manager and Contractor.

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