Serum Cortisol and BMI in Chronic Diseases and               Increased Early Cardiovascular Diseases

The purpose of this study was to examine the role of cortisol, and it is related to BMI in the chronic diseases which may increase early cardiovascular disease (CVD) in old Iraqi. The subjects were 116 adults, aged 51-71 years. Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist Circumferences (WC) and Waist Hip Ratio (WHR) were used as a measure of adiposity. Investigation showed highly significant difference between patients in BMI ranges, most of male were in an obese weight range (48.5%), as well in women. There were no significant correlations between serum cortisol concentration and age both gender groups. While there were highly significant correlations between cortisol level and BMI, waist, and WHR (except in female subjects), also there were highly significant correlations between cortisol level and SBP,DBP (mmHg)only in male. In both groups, total cholesterol concentration, FBS, and A1C were significantly correlated with serum cortisol. Negatively correlated has been observed between serum cortisol and HDL-C in men but not in women. In men, the results of cortisol with CV risk factors (dyslipidemia, D.M, hypertension, at least 2 risk factors and three risk factors) show significant differences (p>0.0). In summary, there is a major association between cortisol levels, obese, and chronic diseases. These conclusions promote the hypothesis that the opposing effect of adiposity on the chronic diseases might be mediated by cortisol. This association could cause early development of cardiovascular diseases even in males.

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Nutrition as a Key Modifiable Factor for Periodontitis and Main Chronic Diseases

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10020197 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 197

Author(s):

Prescilla Martinon ◽

Laurie Fraticelli ◽

Agnes Giboreau ◽

Claude Dussart ◽

Denis Bourgeois ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Chronic Diseases ◽

Periodontal Diseases ◽

Saturated Fat ◽

Warning Signal ◽

Dietary Quality ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Periodontal Health ◽

High Fiber ◽

Increased Risk

Nutrition is recognized as an essential component in the prevention of a number of chronic diseases, including periodontal disease. Based on these considerations, a better understanding is required regarding how the diet, and more particularly the intake of macronutrients and micronutrients, could impact the potential relationship between nutrition and periodontal diseases, periodontal diseases and chronic diseases, nutrition and chronic diseases. To overcome this complexity, an up-to-date literature review on the nutriments related to periodontal and chronic diseases was performed. High-sugar, high-saturated fat, low-polyols, low-fiber and low-polyunsaturated-fat intake causes an increased risk of periodontal diseases. This pattern of nutrients is classically found in the Western diet, which is considered as an ‘unhealthy’ diet that causes cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and cancers. Conversely, low-sugar, high-fiber and high-omega-6-to-omega-3 fatty acid ratio intake reduces the risk of periodontal diseases. The Mediterranean, DASH, vegetarian and Okinawa diets that correspond to these nutritional intakes are considered as ‘healthy’ diets, reducing this risk of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and cancers. The role of micronutrients, such as vitamin D, E, K and magnesium, remains unclear, while others, such as vitamin A, B, C, calcium, zinc and polyphenols have been shown to prevent PDs. Some evidence suggests that probiotics and prebiotics could promote periodontal health. Periodontal and chronic diseases share, with a time delay, nutrition as a risk factor. Thus, any change in periodontal health should be considered as a warning signal to control the dietary quality of patients and thus reduce the risk of developing chronic diseases later on.

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Effects of fenugreek seeds on cardiovascular diseases and other chronic diseases

10.1016/b978-0-12-819815-5.00036-7 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 399-410

Author(s):

Ram B. Singh ◽

Manal M.A. Smail ◽

Richa H. Rai ◽

Anuj Maheshwari ◽

Narsingh Verma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Chronic Diseases ◽

Fenugreek Seeds

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Gut Microbiota: An Important Link between Western Diet and Chronic Diseases

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11102287 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 2287 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Zumin Shi

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Chronic Diseases ◽

Western Diet ◽

Processed Food ◽

High Intake ◽

Important Link

A Western diet characterised by high intake of energy-dense and processed food is a risk factor for many chronic diseases including diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular diseases [...]

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Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Risk Level, Cardiovascular Diseases Risk Level, and Quality of Work Life among University Staffs; Correlational study

Jurnal Keperawatan Padjadjaran ◽

10.24198/jkp.v6i2.628 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Titis Kurniawan ◽

Eka Afrimasari ◽

Sri Hartati

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Chronic Diseases ◽

Quality Of Work Life ◽

Risk Level ◽

Quality Of Work

Type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases are two of the most serious health problems produce wide negative impacts in Indonesia. Both diseases shares similar risks factors and may affect individual’s health status and quality of work (QoWL). Unfortunately, there is no evidence reported the chronic diseases risk level and their correlation with QoWL among university staffs in Indonesia. This correlational study aimed to identify the risk level of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular diseases and it correlation with the QoWL among university staffs. As many as 125 university staffs from one of public university in West Java – Indonesia were recruited randomly and asked to complete Finnish Diabetes Risk-Assessment form, The Jakarta Cardiovascular Scale, and quality of work life (QoWL) Evaluation Scale. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and Pearson Correlation test. Results showed that nearly half of respondents had chronic diseases risk elevation; T2DM (40.39) and cardiovascular diseases (49%). Additionally, more than half of them (52.40%) perceived that their QoWL was less satisfied. It was found there was a significant relationship between T2DM risk level and cardiovascular diseases risk (r = 0.513; p=0.00); however, there was no significant correlation, neither between T2DM risk level (p=0.54) nore cardiovascular disease risk level (p = 0.19) with QoWL. To summarize, the university staffs are vulnerable for developing chronic diseases and have less satisfied QoWL. Therefore, it is important for the university to develop policy or program that enhances the employees’ opportunity in managing the risk and improving their health status and QoWL.

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A Normalized Mortality Rate Showed the Diverse Severity of COVID-19 and Its Association With Other Chronic Diseases

10.20944/preprints202004.0308.v5 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Santosh Kumar ◽

P.R. Renjith ◽

C. Priscilla ◽

Selva Kumar Ganesan ◽

N.G. Rajesh

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Mortality Rate ◽

Chronic Diseases ◽

United States Of America ◽

Respiratory Diseases ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

The United States ◽

World Health ◽

The World

Covid-19 has given a halt to all the activities in the world. Europe was most affected, followed by the United States of America. It has taken more than 350000 lives until now. In this study, we have assessed the severity of Covid-19 by analyzing the mortality rate of Covid-19 and other chronic diseases. The Covid-19 data and “death rate” data caused by other diseases were downloaded from the world health organization (WHO) website. A normalized method was used to see the mortality rate of Covid-19 in comparison to other diseases. The deaths caused by Covid-19 in April 2020 have overtaken the average number of deaths caused by Cancer, Cardiovascular diseases, and other diseases in Belgium, the United Kingdom (UK), Spain, France, and Ireland. Covid-19 was found to be strongly correlated with non-communicable respiratory diseases and Cancer with correlation coefficients 0.73 and 0.67 respectively. The severity of Covid-19 in the United States of America (USA) was moderate. The severity of Covid-19 in Asian countries was found to be low. Europe showed the highest diversity in the mortality rate of Covid-19. On average, except for a few European countries, Cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and non-communicable respiratory diseases were still more lethal and caused more deaths than Covid-19.

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The Healing Effects of Spices in Chronic Diseases

Current Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/0929867325666180831145800 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (26) ◽

pp. 4401-4420 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Danka Bukvicki ◽

Davide Gottardi ◽

Sahdeo Prasad ◽

Miroslav Novakovic ◽

Petar D. Marin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Chronic Diseases ◽

Mechanism Of Action ◽

Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽

Protective Role ◽

Active Components ◽

Gastrointestinal Problems ◽

Ancient Times ◽

Lateral Sclerosis

Spices are not only just herbs used in culinary for improving the taste of dishes, they are also sources of a numerous bioactive compounds significantly beneficial for health. They have been used since ancient times because of their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and carminative properties. Several scientific studies have suggested their protective role against chronic diseases. In fact, their active compounds may help in arthritis, neurodegenerative disorders (Alzheimer’s, Parkinson, Huntington’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, etc.), diabetes, sore muscles, gastrointestinal problems and many more. In the present study, possible roles of spices and their active components, in chronic diseases (cancer, arthritis, cardiovascular diseases, etc.) along with their mechanism of action have been reviewed.

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The Prevalence of Body Mass Index–Associated Chronic Diseases in Diverse Ethnic Groups in New Zealand

Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1177/1010539518822438 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 84-91

Author(s):

Andrew Adiguna Halim ◽

Arindam Basu ◽

Ray Kirk

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

New Zealand ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Ethnic Groups ◽

Chronic Diseases ◽

Body Mass ◽

Ethnically Diverse ◽

Health Related ◽

Marginal Means

The use of universal body mass index (BMI) cutoffs do not take into account variation in the association between BMI and health risk across diverse ethnic groups. We used the New Zealand Health Survey data collected between 2002/2003 and 2014/2015 to calculate the predictive marginal means of hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) after adjusting for demographic variables and health-related behaviors. Compared with European group, we found that Pacific had a lower prevalence of hypertension at a BMI of ≥35 kg/m2, and Māori had a higher prevalence of hypertension, T2DM, and cardiovascular diseases at higher BMI intervals. Whereas Asian had a higher T2DM prevalence compared with Māori, Pacific, and European at some BMI intervals. Using universal BMI cutoffs on the ethnically diverse population to compare obesity rates does not address the risk of chronic diseases associated with high BMI and may stigmatize certain ethnic groups.

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