scholarly journals Study the expression level of beta 2 microglobulin gene on hepatitis C patients before and after treatment with interferon

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 504-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Fourth Decade ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Beta 2 ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Beta 2 Microglobulin ◽  
Age Range

This study has been carried out to evaluate the expression level of beta 2 microglobulin gene on patients infected by hepatitis C virus before and after treatment with interferon. The study included 117 hepatitis C patients comprising as 63 pre-treated patients, the range of age was between 20-65 year with a mean age of 48.12 ± 16.1 and 54 post-treated patients with age range was between 23-63 year with the mean of 46.1 ± 18.1. Also it was found that more than half of patients were located within third and fourth decade i.e. 30-49 year, with a percentage of 52.4% and 55.6 % for pre-treatment and post-treatment patients respectively. Moreover , regarding both groups, males are more than females with the ratio of ( 3.2:1) among pre-treatment group and 2:1 among post-treatment group. Further , It has been found that the concentration of ?2 microglobulin was (3.425±0.943mg/L) among pre-treatment group and (1.860±0.723 mg/L) among post-treatment group with significant correlation (P=0.05). Besides that , in the present study ,It has been found the concentration of ?2 microglobulin was decrease after treatment from (3.425±0.943 mg/L) to (1.860±0.723mg/L) which was statistically significant (P=0.05) , Thus ?2 microglobulin can be used as a supporting marker of responsiveness to treatment with interferon in hepatitis C patients as well as indicator for monitoring the disease progression.

scholarly journals Patients with advanced hepatic fibrosis before or after direct-acting antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis C are at risk for development of liver cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Saldarriaga ◽  
Bradley Dye ◽  
Judy Pham ◽  
Timothy G. Wanninger ◽  
Daniel Millian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Quantitative Imaging ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Decompensated Cirrhosis ◽  
Direct Acting Antiviral ◽  
Liver Cancers ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Direct Acting

Abstract Direct-acting antivirals (DAA) have replaced interferon (IFN)-based therapies for hepatitis C virus. This study examined differences in histopathologic features in paired liver biopsies collected before and after DAA and evaluated clinical outcomes. Biopsies (n = 19) were evaluated by quantitative imaging analysis to measure steatosis and fibrosis. Most patients had decreased steatosis in their post-treatment, follow-up biopsies. However, one patient had a striking increase in steatosis (from 0.86 to 6.32 %) and later developed decompensated cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This patient had a marked increase in fibrosis between biopsies, with a CPA of 6.74 to 32.02. Another patient, who already had bridging fibrosis at the time of her pre-treatment biopsy, developed cholangiocarcinoma after DAA. Even though the overall inflammatory activity in the post-treatment biopsies significantly decreased after treatment, 60% of patients had persistent portal lymphocytic inflammation. In summary, DAA decreased steatosis and hepatic inflammation in most patients, although some may have persistence of lymphocytic portal inflammation. Patients known to have advanced fibrosis at treatment initiation and who have other risk factors for ongoing liver injury, such as steatosis, should be followed closely for the development of adverse outcomes, such as portal hypertension and primary liver cancers.

Cytoprotective Effect of Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction and α-Tocopherol Vitamin E Isoforms Against Glutamate-Induced Cell Death in Neuronal Cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 0140-0151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thilaga Rati Selvaraju ◽  
Huzwah Khaza’ai ◽  
Sharmili Vidyadaran ◽  
Mohd Sokhini Abd Mutalib ◽  
Vasudevan Ramachandran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Neuronal Cells ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Tocotrienol Rich Fraction ◽  
Major Mediator

Glutamate is the major mediator of excitatory signals in the mammalian central nervous system. Extreme amounts of glutamate in the extracellular spaces can lead to numerous neurodegenerative diseases. We aimed to clarify the potential of the following vitamin E isomers, tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) and α-tocopherol (α-TCP), as potent neuroprotective agents against glutamate-induced injury in neuronal SK-N-SH cells. Cells were treated before and after glutamate injury (pre- and post-treatment, respectively) with 100 - 300 ng/ml TRF/α-TCP. Exposure to 120 mM glutamate significantly reduced cell viability to 76 % and 79 % in the pre- and post-treatment studies, respectively; however, pre- and post-treatment with TRF/α-TCP attenuated the cytotoxic effect of glutamate. Compared to the positive control (glutamate-injured cells not treated with TRF/α-TCP), pre-treatment with 100, 200, and 300 ng/ml TRF significantly improved cell viability following glutamate injury to 95.2 %, 95.0 %, and 95.6 %, respectively (p < 0.05).The isomers not only conferred neuroprotection by enhancing mitochondrial activity and depleting free radical production, but also increased cell viability and recovery upon glutamate insult. Our results suggest that vitamin E has potent antioxidant potential for protecting against glutamate injury and recovering glutamate-injured neuronal cells. Our findings also indicate that both TRF and α-TCP could play key roles as anti-apoptotic agents with neuroprotective properties.

scholarly journals Low frequency of pre-treatment and post-treatment haematological abnormalities in dogs with non-infectious meningoencephalitis treated with cytosine arabinoside and prednisolone

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e000315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Keegan ◽  
Jeremy H Rose ◽  
Zohra Khan ◽  
Francois-Xavier Liebel
Keyword(s):  
Cytosine Arabinoside ◽  
Standard Dose ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Presumptive Diagnosis ◽  
Prednisolone Treatment ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
The Uk

BackgroundCytosine arabinoside (CA) and prednisolone are drugs commonly used together in the management of canine non-infectious meningoencephalitis (NIME). The aim of this study was to report the haematological findings before and after CA and prednisolone treatment and identify any adverse haematological events in this clinical setting, following the veterinary cooperative oncology group established common terminology criteria for recording adverse events following administration of chemotherapy or biological antineoplastic therapy.ResultsWhile 48 patients with a presumptive diagnosis of NIME had pretreatment haematology results, only 12 patients met the inclusion criteria of also having post-treatment haematology results available for review after being treated with prednisolone and CA at a standard dose (200 mg/m2) in a single referral hospital in the UK. Forty-nine post-treatment haematology results were available for these 12 patients.ConclusionsFour adverse haematological events were identified in four patients. None of these events were convincingly attributable to CA administration.

Beta 2-Microglobulin Synthesis of Mononuclear Cells in Chronic Dialysis Patients

1992 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 401-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kumano ◽  
M. Nanbu ◽  
S. Kusakari ◽  
T. Sakai
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Dialysis Patients ◽  
Amyloid Deposits ◽  
Cell Mediated Immune Response ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Dialysis Membranes ◽  
Beta 2 ◽  
Beta 2 Microglobulin

Beta 2 microglobulin (B2M) has been identified as a major component of amyloid deposits. This study was designed to determine whether changes occur in the synthesis of B2M in dialysis patients. Mononuclear cells (MNC) were isolated in peripheral blood from healthy volunteers, patients on hemodialysis (HD) and on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). MNC were cultured in a medium of RPMI 1640 with or without interleukins IL-1, IL-2 or interferon INF-r. B2M in the cultured cells and supernatant was measured by enzyme immunoassay. IL-2 or INF-r stimulated B2M synthesis 'was significantly lower (25%) in patients on HD than in normal controls regardless of the type of dialysis membranes used, with no change in basal B2M synthesis. No differences were detected between healthy volunteers and CAPD patients. Preincubation of MNC with complement - activating or non-complement - activating membrane had no influence on B2M synthesis. The basal B2M synthesis of MNC significantly increased after a 4-hour HD regardless of the membranes used, and IL-2 and IFN-r stimulated synthesis were both essentially the same before and after HD. It was thus concluded that maximum capacity for B2M synthesis of MNC decreases in hemodialysis patients. This low responsiveness of MNC may be partially the cause for the reduction in cell-mediated immune response in HD patients.

OCT-Angiography as a reliable prognostic tool in laser-treated proliferative diabetic retinopathy: The RENOCTA Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 112067212096345
Author(s):  
Marco Lupidi ◽  
Ramkailash Gujar ◽  
Alessio Cerquaglia ◽  
Jay Chhablani ◽  
Daniela Fruttini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Vascular Perfusion ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Induced Changes

Purpose: To quantitatively assess retinal neovascularizations (RNVs) in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) before and after photocoagulative laser treatment (PLT) using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCT-A). Methods: Consecutive patients with PDR were examined with fluorescein angiography (FA) and OCT-A before and after PLT. Baseline and after-treatment FA images were quantitatively analyzed to assess both the RNVs area and leakage area. On OCT-A RNVs area, vascular perfusion density (VPD), vessel length density (VLD) and fractal dimension were computed. VPD of the full-retina OCT-A underneath the RNV was determined to evaluate potential laser-induced changes in vascular perfusion. Results: Fifteen eyes of 13 patients with PDR were enrolled. The mean area of the RNVs was 0.47 ± 0.50 mm2 in the baseline OCT-A and 0.32 ± 0.40 mm2 in the post-treatment assessment ( p = 0.0002). The mean RNV VPD of RNV was 2% ± 4% in pre-treatment and 1% ± 1% for the post-treatment ( p = 0.0001). The mean VLD of RNV was 7.26 ± 1.53 at baseline and 6.64 ± 1.65 in the post treatment ( p = 0.0002). A significant difference in terms of mean RNVs area and VPD reduction between eyes that needed additional treatment and those that did not (~40% vs ~20%; p < 0.05), was observed. Mean VPD of full-retinal thickness OCT-angiogram was 55% ± 10% for the pre-treatment and 53% ± 8% for the post treatment scan ( p = 0.02). Conclusion: The quantitative OCT-A assessment of laser-induced changes of RNVs can be a useful non-invasive approach for determining treatment efficacy. A reduction of RNVs area or VPD ⩾ 40% might reveal those eyes that won’t require additional treatment. Retinal perfusion impairment seemed to progress independently from the treatment.

Treatment of Storm Fears Using Virtual Reality and Progressive Muscle Relaxation

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Lima ◽  
Hanna McCabe-Bennett ◽  
Martin M. Antony
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Exposure Therapy ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Progressive Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Exposure Condition ◽  
Pre Treatment

Background: The present study examined the efficacy of virtual reality (VR) exposure therapy for treating individuals with storm fears by comparing a one-session VR exposure treatment with a one-session progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) and psychoeducation session. Aims: It was predicted that there would be a reduction in storm-related fear post-treatment for individuals in both conditions, but that this reduction would be greater for those in the VR exposure condition. It was predicted that improvements would be maintained at 30-day follow-up only for those in the VR exposure condition. Method: Thirty-six participants each received one of the two treatment conditions. Those in the PMR treatment group received approximately 30 minutes of PMR and approximately 15 minutes of psychoeducation regarding storms. Those in the VR treatment group received approximately 1 hour of VR exposure. Additionally, participants were asked to complete a pre-treatment and post-treatment 5-minute behavioural approach test to assess changes in storm fears. They were also asked to complete a measure assessing storm phobia. Results: There was a significant interaction between treatment group and self-reported fear at post-treatment, such that fear decreased for both groups, although the reduction was stronger in the VR group. Results also showed that reductions in storm fear were maintained at 30-day follow-up for both groups. Conclusions: Although this study used a small non-clinical sample, these results offer preliminary support for the use of VR exposure therapy in the treatment of storm-related fear.

scholarly journals The effect of antibiotic timing on culture yield in paediatric osteoarticular infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. van der Merwe ◽  
K. Rooks ◽  
H. Crawford ◽  
C. M. A. Frampton ◽  
M. J. Boyle
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Antibiotic Administration ◽  
Osteoarticular Infection ◽  
Paediatric Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Systemic Antibiotics ◽  
Culture Yield

Purpose To assess the influence of antibiotic timing on surgical culture yield in paediatric patients with haematogenous osteoarticular infection. Methods All patients aged 0 to 15 years admitted to a National Children’s Hospital with the diagnosis of acute, haematogenous, osteoarticular infection (osteomyelitis and/or septic arthritis) between June 1997 and December 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. Only patients with positive blood cultures undergoing surgery for culture and debridement were included. Patients were allocated into pre-treatment and post-treatment groups, according to whether they received antibiotics before or after surgical cultures were obtained. Outcomes measured included baseline variables, treatment characteristics and surgical culture yield. Results A total of 131 patients were included; 107 patients in the pre-treatment group and 24 patients in the post-treatment group. There was no significant difference with respect to patient age (p = 0.870), white blood cell count (p = 0.197), ethnicity (p = 0.203) or infection multi-focality (p = 0.883) between the two groups. The administration of systemic antibiotics prior to obtaining surgical cultures had no clinically significant effect on surgical culture yield (rate of positive surgical cultures, 85% (pre-treatment) versus 54.2% (post-treatment); p = 0.002). Within the pre-treatment group, there was no significant difference in duration of pre-surgical antibiotic treatment between patients who had positive or negative surgical cultures (mean duration, 45.9 hours (positive cultures) versus 47.9 hours (negative cultures); p = 0.743). Conclusion In paediatric patients with acute, haematogenous, osteoarticular infection, antibiotic administration before surgery does not decrease surgical culture yield. Our results suggest that paediatric patients presenting with suspected osteoarticular infection should receive appropriate systemic antibiotics promptly after blood cultures are obtained. Level of Evidence Level III - retrospective case-control study

IL10, An Independent Predictor of Outcome in HNSCC Patients

2008 ◽  
Vol 139 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. P90-P90
Author(s):  
Osama Alhamarneh ◽  
Nicholas D. Stafford ◽  
John Greenman
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Tumor Stage ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Tumor Load ◽  
Pre Treatment

Problem To determine the correlation between IL10, a Th2-type inhibitory cytokine, clinical outcome and survival in HNSCC patients. Methods IL10 levels in the serum of newly-presenting, untreated, patients with HNSCC were measured pre-treatment (n=107) and 4–6 weeks after treatment (n=43), and were compared with a cohort of healthy controls (n=40) of similar age and sex. A commercial IL10 ELISA (Biosource) with a minimum detectable level of 0.2 pg/ml was used. Statistical analysis of associations between the levels and detectability of IL10 and clinical outcome and survival were done. Results Both IL10 detectability and levels were significantly higher in patients than in controls (p=0.001). Post treatment, IL10 levels dropped significantly (p=0.02). Pretreatment, IL10 levels were significantly elevated in the advanced stage of the disease (III/IV vs. I/II), in node positive patients and in patients with bulkier tumor load (T3/T4 vs. T1/T2); p=0.005, 0.037 and 0.001 respectively. The larynx (n=36), oropharynx (n=25) and pharynx (n=16) showed significantly higher levels and increased detectability of IL10 in the pre-treatment group when compared to the post treatment group, however, oral cavity tumors (n=21) showed the opposite. Finally, the detectability of IL10 significantly correlated with poorer survival (Kaplan-Meier, p=0.026) after a mean follow up of 15 (range 1–36) months. Conclusion IL10 levels drop significantly once the tumor mass is removed suggesting that this is the most important source of the circulating cytokine. IL10, as well as the tumor bulk, the nodal status and the overall tumor stage, were shown to be independent factors in predicting a poorer clinical outcome and worse survival in tumors originating in the larynx, pharynx and oropharynx, but not oral cavity, suggesting distinct inter-tumour differences. Significance IL10 could play a potential role as a prognostic marker in HNSCC, in addition to the possible manipulation of IL10 in future immunotherapeutic agents.

Association of CD133 expression levels with the k-ras mutation status in rectal cancers before and after preoperative radiochemotherapy.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 400-400
Author(s):  
Thilo Sprenger ◽  
Jochen Gaedcke ◽  
Lena-Christin Conradi ◽  
Peter Jo ◽  
Klaus Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Rectal Cancer ◽  
Prognostic Marker ◽  
Tumor Regression ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Preoperative Radiochemotherapy ◽  
Cd133 Expression ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Rectal Cancers ◽  
Pre Treatment

400 Background: The role of the potential stem cell marker CD133 as a predictive or prognostic marker in multimodal rectal cancer treatment is currently under debate. While CD133 has been identified as a prognostic marker in rectal cancers after preoperative radiochemotherapy (RCT) it was recently characterized as a very unspecific feature for colorectal cancer stem cells. We therefore analyzed the association between CD133 expression and mutations in the proto-oncogenes K-Ras and PI3K in rectal cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant RCT. Methods: CD133 expression was evaluated immunhistochemically in pre-treatment biopsies and surgical specimens of 128 patients with locally advanced rectal cancers (cUICC II/III) treated with preoperative RCT within the phase-III German Rectal Cancer Trials. K-Ras mutations were analyzed by sequencing of exons 1, 2, and 3. PI3K mutations were detected by sequencing the p110α subunit (PIK3CA) and correlated with histopathologic parameters, tumor regression and survival. Results: CD133 expression was significantly associated with mutations in the K-Ras gene in both pre-treatment biopsies and post-treatment tumor specimens in uni- and multivariate analyses. However, no significant correlation was observed between CD133 and PI3K mutations. Post-treatment CD133 levels were correlated with neoadjuvant RCT (50.4 Gy/5-FU vs. 50.4 Gy/5-FU+Ox) and tumor regression grading. Anyway, there was no significant association between pre- and post-treatment CD133 expression and disease-free survival. Conclusions: CD133 expression levels are strongly associated with mutations in the K-Ras proto-oncogene in rectal cancers before and after preoperative RCT. Our results strengthen the hypothesis that CD133 is not a specific marker for colorectal stem cells but might be integrated in proliferation pathways like the ras-raf axis.

Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) scoring of cleft patients treated within a regional cleft centre in the United Kingdom

2021 ◽  
pp. 146531252110367
Author(s):  
Claire Furness ◽  
Helen Veeroo ◽  
Giles Kidner ◽  
Martyn T Cobourne
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Peer Assessment ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Percentage Change ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Median Percentage ◽  
Hospital Units ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Peer Assessment Rating

Objective: To assess static occlusal outcomes for patients with cleft lip and/or palate (CLP) and cleft palate (CP) managed within a UK Regional Cleft Service and to compare with previously published Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) scores from a non-cleft population of patients treated within a UK consultant-led hospital service. Design: Retrospective multicentre study. Setting: Eight orthodontic hospital units within the Spires Cleft Service, UK. Participants: Patients born with CLP or CP between 1985 and 1995 treated within the service. Methods: Patients were assigned to groups by cleft type and whether they were treated by orthodontics only or a combination of orthodontics and orthognathic surgery. PAR was recorded before and after treatment from study models. Results: Data were collected for 171 patients included in the study. Median pre-treatment PAR was 42 and post-treatment 11. Median percentage change in PAR for all patients was 73%, although 12% of cleft patients had a PAR improvement that was worse or no different. Median change in PAR score was 71% for those treated with orthodontics only and 83% for those who had an osteotomy. Median PAR improvement for those treated with orthodontics only was 73% in the cleft lip group, 77% in the CP group, 66% in the unilateral CLP group and 53% in the bilateral CLP group. Median pre- and post-treatment PAR for the cleft group was higher and PAR reduction lower than those published for non-cleft patients. Conclusion: These data demonstrate high severity of malocclusion, complexity of orthodontic treatment and difficulty in achieving an ideal static occlusion for cleft patients. If PAR is to be used to assess orthodontic outcomes in cleft patients the findings of this study should be considered. A higher proportion of cases are likely to be classed as ‘worse or no different’, and a lower percentage change will be expected.

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