Quality Appraisal of Groundwater in Arid Regions Using Probabilistic and Deterministic Approaches

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-344
Author(s):  
Milad Ebrahimi ◽  
Hamidreza Kazemi ◽  
Majid Ehteshami ◽  
Thomas D. Rockaway
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Probabilistic Approach ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Deterministic Approach ◽  
Climate Conditions

ABSTRACT This study explores using probabilistic and deterministic approaches for evaluating the quality of groundwater resources. The proposed methodology first used the probabilistic approach, which included multivariate statistical analysis, to classify the groundwater's physiochemical characteristics. Then, building on the obtained results, the deterministic approach, which included hydrochemistry analyses, was applied for comprehensive assessment of groundwater quality for different applications. To present this multidisciplinary approach, a basin located in an arid region was studied. Considering the results from correlation and principal component analyses, along with hierarchical Q-mode cluster analysis, chloride salts dissolution was identified within the aquifer. Further application of the deterministic approach revealed degradation of groundwater quality throughout the basin, possibly due to the saltwater intrusion. By developing the water quality index and a multi-hazard risk assessment methodology, the suitability of groundwater for human consumption and irrigation purposes was assessed. The obtained results were compared with two other studies conducted on aquifers under similar arid climate conditions. This comparison indicated that quality of groundwater resources within arid regions is prone to degradation from salinization. The combined consideration of probabilistic and deterministic approaches provided an effective means for comprehensive evaluation of groundwater quality across different aquifers or within one.

scholarly journals Hydrochemical and multivariate analysis of groundwater quality in the northwest of Sinai, Egypt

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 644-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. El-Shahat ◽  
M. A. Sadek ◽  
W. M. Salem ◽  
A. A. Embaby ◽  
F. A. Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Aquifer Recharge ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Principal Factors

The northwestern coast of Sinai is home to many economic activities and development programs, thus evaluation of the potentiality and vulnerability of water resources is important. The present work has been conducted on the groundwater resources of this area for describing the major features of groundwater quality and the principal factors that control salinity evolution. The major ionic content of 39 groundwater samples collected from the Quaternary aquifer shows high coefficients of variation reflecting asymmetry of aquifer recharge. The groundwater samples have been classified into four clusters (using hierarchical cluster analysis), these match the variety of total dissolvable solids, water types and ionic orders. The principal component analysis combined the ionic parameters of the studied groundwater samples into two principal components. The first represents about 56% of the whole sample variance reflecting a salinization due to evaporation, leaching, dissolution of marine salts and/or seawater intrusion. The second represents about 15.8% reflecting dilution with rain water and the El-Salam Canal. Most groundwater samples were not suitable for human consumption and about 41% are suitable for irrigation. However, all groundwater samples are suitable for cattle, about 69% and 15% are suitable for horses and poultry, respectively.

Ecological monitoring of livestock complexes on groundwater quality (on the example of the pig breeding farm № 11 JV LLC "Nyva Pereiaslavschyny")

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Serdiuk ◽  
◽  
V. Maksin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Modern Approach ◽  
Protection Zone ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
The Impact

Agriculture, especially livestock, is rated as one of the most polluting industries in the world. In the other hand there is a modern approach to the technology implementation, and is this true that with its usage the impact on the environment is so critical and inevitably leads to environmental catastrophe. It is important to investigate and scientifically substantiate the impact of modern livestock complexes on the environment, especially on groundwater resources objectively,. And only after a number of studies conducted on pig farms with a capacity of 30 and 50 thousand heads per year it would be possible to determine next: is livestock an object of ultra-intensive pollution, or it is an object that does not have a significant negative impact on the environment and is also an economic and food lever of the country. The research was conducted on the example of the company JV LLC "NYVA PEREIASLAVSCHYNY" that is located in two districts of Kyiv region – Brovarskyi and Boryspilskyi. The sanitary protection zone size is 1500 meters to the nearest residential development (MINISTRY OF HEALTH OF UKRAINE, 1996). Projects to reduce the sanitary protection zone have not been developed as there is no need for it. Research of water quality was performed according to State Sanitary Regulations and Rules “Hygienic Requirements to Quality of Water Intended for Human Consumption” “2.2.4-171-10” (State Water Agency of Ukraine, 2010). It was conducted on samples that were taken from 4 artesian wells that are located on the territory of the pig breeding farm № 11. The aim of the research is to identify the impact of the pig breeding farm’s № 11 activity on the underground aquifer and surface water body. To reach this target water samples were collected according to the requirements established in the conclusion on environmental impact assessment from wells in the villages and river. Studies that were conducted during 2020 showed that the quality of water in wells meets the requirements for drinking water. Water samples from wells and ponds showed deviations from the norm up to 10 times. Previous studies did not set a negative impact of the pig breeding farm № 11 on groundwater quality.

scholarly journals Determining the Relevant Scale to Analyze the Quality of Regional Groundwater Resources While Combining Groundwater Bodies, Physicochemical and Biological Databases in Southeastern France

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3476
Author(s):  
Abdessamad Tiouiouine ◽  
Meryem Jabrane ◽  
Ilias Kacimi ◽  
Moad Morarech ◽  
Tarik Bouramtane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
National Database ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Biological Databases ◽  
Resource Quality ◽  
Mean Values

In France, the data resulting from monitoring water intended for human consumption are integrated into a national database called SISE-Eaux, a useful and relevant tool for studying the quality of raw and distributed water. A previous study carried out on all the data from the Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur (PACA) region in south-eastern France (1061 sampling points, 5295 analyses and 15 parameters) revealed that the dilution of the information in a heterogeneous environment constitutes an obstacle to the analysis of ongoing processes that are sources of variability. In this article, cross-referencing this information with the compartmentalization into groundwater bodies (MESO) provides a hydrogeological constraint on the dataset that can help to better define more homogeneous subsets and improve the interpretation. The approach involves three steps: (1) A principal component analysis conducted on the whole dataset aimed at eliminating information redundancy; (2) an unsupervised grouping of groundwater bodies having similar sources of variability; (3) a principal component analysis carried out within the main groups and sub-groups identified, aiming to define and prioritize the sources of variability and the associated processes. The results supported by discriminant analysis and machine learning show that the grouping of MESO is the best-suited scale to study ongoing processes due to greater homogeneity. One of the eight main groups identified in PACA, corresponding to the accompanying aquifers of the main rivers, is analyzed by way of illustration. Water–rock interactions, redox processes and their effects on the release of metals, arsenic and fecal contamination along different pathways were specifically identified with varying impacts according to the subgroups. We discussed both the significance of the principal components and the mean values of the bacteriological parameters, which provide information on the causes and on the state of contamination, respectively. Based on the results from two different groups of MESO, some guidelines in terms of a strategy for resource quality monitoring are proposed.

Effect of Boron on the Groundwater Quality in Altai Region

2021 ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
Gennady Ya. Baryshnikov ◽  
Svetlana S. Slazhneva ◽  
Nina B. Maximovа ◽  
Petr V. Sotnikov
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Maximum Permissible Concentration ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Altai Region ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
General Complex ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The Relationship

Boron (В) is widely spread in surface and ground waters. The article deals with the problem of drinking groundwater quality. Groundwater is the only source of water supply, in the most districts of the Altai Region. This suggests that the quality of groundwater is of great importance for the population of the region. Drinking water should be suitable for human consumption and for all household purposes. The main attention is focused on identifying the area of distribution B containing waters with the content exceeding the maximum permissible concentration (MPC). The relationship between В and dry residue (MCO) is analyzed. Crucial factors responsible for high В concentration have been identified. The general complex research of presence, distribution and sources of В inflow into groundwaters of the Altai Region are defined in the article. The relationship between the В content and the high incidence of people living in areas with a high В content has been revealed. It was found that high concentrations of В (more than 0.5 mg/l) correspond to the zone of brackish water distribution, which occupies almost the entire territory of the steppe Altai - Kulundinsko-Barnaul artesian basin. Their distribution coincides geographically with the distribution of В.

scholarly journals Geochemical controls on the distribution of radio-trace elements in groundwater resources of Shir-Kuh granitoid aquifer, central Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 974-989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahareh Yazdizadeh ◽  
Hadi Jafari ◽  
Rahim Bagheri
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Major And Trace Elements ◽  
Mineral Weathering ◽  
Central Iran ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Calcite Dissolution

Abstract Granitic groundwaters are important resources in arid regions. However, they are not always pure due to having appreciable amounts of trace elements. The present study was conducted to investigate chemical compositions for finding controls on distribution of heavy metals and natural radioelements (U and Th) in groundwater resources of Shir-Kuh granitoid aquifer (SGA), central Iran. Thirty water samples were collected and analyzed for major and trace elements. The average values of electrical conductivity (EC) and pH are 624 μs/cm and 7.5, respectively. The dominant groundwater type is Ca-HCO3, as a result of the calcite dissolution and biotite weathering. Principal component analysis in support of mass balance studies recognizes dissolution of fracture-filling sediments and rock mineral weathering as the main factors enhancing major ions in SGA. These processes also release trace elements in decreasing order of Sr > Ba > Sn > W > Cu > U > Zn > Th. Weathering of biotite enclosing accessory minerals of monazite and zircon is introduced as the main source of radio-trace elements in SGA. Health concerns are currently related to U in drinking groundwater, as the maximum concentration (13.6 μg/L) approaches the Iranian drinking standard of 15 μg/L, in response to the oxidizing nature of the groundwater, calcite dissolution-related mobilization, and the degree of the water–rock interactions.

scholarly journals FP/FIFO scheduling: coexistence of deterministic and probabilistic QoS guarantees

2007 ◽  
Vol Vol. 9 no. 1 (Distributed Computing and...) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascale Minet ◽  
Steven Martin ◽  
Leila Azouz Saidane ◽  
Skander Azzaz
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Probabilistic Approach ◽  
Worst Case Analysis ◽  
Deterministic Approach ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Qos Guarantee ◽  
High Resource ◽  
Qos Guarantees ◽  
International Audience

Distributed Computing and Networking International audience In this paper, we focus on applications having quantitative QoS (Quality of Service) requirements on their end-to-end response time (or jitter). We propose a solution allowing the coexistence of two types of quantitative QoS garantees, deterministic and probabilistic, while providing a high resource utilization. Our solution combines the advantages of the deterministic approach and the probabilistic one. The deterministic approach is based on a worst case analysis. The probabilistic approach uses a mathematical model to obtain the probability that the response time exceeds a given value. We assume that flows are scheduled according to non-preemptive FP/FIFO. The packet with the highest fixed priority is scheduled first. If two packets share the same priority, the packet arrived first is scheduled first. We make no particular assumption concerning the flow priority and the nature of the QoS guarantee requested by the flow. An admission control derived from these results is then proposed, allowing each flow to receive a quantitative QoS guarantee adapted to its QoS requirements. An example illustrates the merits of the coexistence of deterministic and probabilistic QoS guarantees.

scholarly journals Hydrochemical Characterisation of Groundwater Quality: Merdja Plain (Tebessa Town, Algeria)

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 318-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baazi Houria ◽  
Kalla Mahdi ◽  
Tebbi Fatima Zohra
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Geological Formations

The objective of this work is to evaluate the physico-chemical quality of the groundwater of the Merdja plain and to determine the sources of mineralization. This quality is influenced by several environmental and anthropogenic factors such as geological context, climate, precipitation and interaction between groundwater and aquifers and human activities.  A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) on samples taken from several wells spread over the entire Tebessa plain (Merdja) allowed us to detect two axes that explain 73.4% of the information. The first axis describes the variables related to mineralisation and the second one describes those related to agricultural activity. Multidimensional Positioning (MDS) confirmed the interaction of physico-chemical parameters between them and their influence on groundwater quality by highlighting three groups of wells according to their physico-chemical characteristics, particularly those containing high concentrations of nitrates. This contamination is mainly the result of spreading the fertilisers and wastes that are dumped into the plain without treatment. Salinization is the result of long-term interactions between groundwater and geological formations.

scholarly journals Phytosanitary quality of Brachiaria brizantha ‘BRS Piatã’ seeds in function of climate conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 237-243
Author(s):  
Givanildo Z. da Silva ◽  
Cibele C. Martins ◽  
Luciana C. do Nascimento ◽  
Gabriel G. Barreto ◽  
Otília R. de Farias
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Climatic Variables ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Maximum Temperatures

ABSTRACT Infected seeds are one of the main pathogen transmission vehicles, and they are responsible for significant losses in production fields; phytosanitary defense depends on the inoculum and climatic factors. Thus, in this study, it was aimed to identify climatic variables of the regions that propitiate the production of Brachiaria brizantha ‘BRS Piatã’ seeds infected with phytopathogenic fungi. Temperature and rainfall data were obtained from 10 production fields, and phytosanitary quality of the seeds was evaluated with the filter paper method; the means were compared using the Kruskal–Wallis non-parametric analysis. Principal component analysis was performed to determine the relationship between the climatic variables and seed phytosanitary quality. Sites with maximum temperatures higher than 30 °C, mean values close to 25 °C, and rainfall less than 82 mm during harvest were favorable to the incidence of Fusarium spp. The incidence of Bipolaris sp. in the seeds of Piatã grass was favored by temperatures around 19 and 20 °C during the maturation phase. The highest incidence of Exserohilum sp. occurred at the sites in which the temperature during harvest was close to 20 °C and accumulated rainfall, between 167 and 181 mm.

scholarly journals Microbial, physical and chemical properties of irrigation water in rice fields of Southern Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 361-375
Author(s):  
MARIA HELENA L.R. RECHE ◽  
VILMAR MACHADO ◽  
DANILO A. SAUL ◽  
VERA R.M. MACEDO ◽  
ELIO MARCOLIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Soil Climate

ABSTRACT This paper presents the results of the statistical analysis of microbiological, physical and chemical parameters related to the quality of the water used in rice fields in Southern Brazil. Data were collected during three consecutive crop years, within structure of a comprehensive monitoring program. The indicators used were: potential hydrogen, electrical conductivity, turbidity, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, total and fecal coliforms. Principal Component and Discriminant Analysis showed consistent differences between the water irrigation and drainage, as the temporal variation demonstrated a clear reduction in the concentration of most of the variables analyzed. The pattern of this reduction is not the same in the two regions - that is, the importance of each of the different variables in the observed differentiation is modified in two locations. These results suggested that the variations in the water quality utilized for rice irrigation was influenced by certain specific aspects of each rice region in South Brazilian - such as anthropic action or soil/climate conditions in each hydrographic basin.

scholarly journals Hydrochemistry and multivariate statistical analysis of the quality of water from Lake Bosomtwe for agricultural and human consumption

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 704-719
Author(s):  
Gordon Amankwaa ◽  
Xifeng Yin ◽  
Liming Zhang ◽  
Weihong Huang ◽  
Yunfei Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Sodium Absorption ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Sodium Absorption Ratio ◽  
Piper Trilinear Diagram ◽  
Lake Bosomtwe

Abstract One of the six major meteoric lakes in the world, Lake Bosomtwe, is of great ecological significance for Ghanaians and the scientific community, most importantly for agricultural and human consumption. Water samples (n = 30) were collected to analyze the hydrogeochemical characteristics and water quality of the lake. Statistical methods including correlation, principal component, cluster analysis, Gibbs ratio, and the Piper–Trilinear diagram were used to analyze parameters. The Water Quality Index revealed that the lake water is not suitable for human consumption because measured pH, temperature, total dissolved solids, color, and bicarbonate exceeded their respective thresholds on all occasions. The calculated sodium absorption ratio (13.7–14.8) and soluble sodium percentage (94.43–95.43%) showed that the lake is not appropriate for irrigation as they exceeded their respective limit of 2 and 60%. The Gibbs ratio revealed that rock–water interaction is the underlying mechanism for water evolution. The Piper–Trilinear diagram revealed that alkalies earth and weak acids dominate the water chemistry of the lake. The dominant cation is sodium (82.22%), while the dominant anion is bicarbonate (79.39%). Five monitoring stations were identified, and the water quality was influenced by diverse anthropogenic and natural sources. The findings will provide a reference for policymakers and decision-makers at Lake Bosomtwe.

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