scholarly journals Structural Development of Jebel Abd Al Aziz, Northeast Syria

GeoArabia ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Norman Kent ◽  
Robert G. Hickman
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Data ◽  
Hydrocarbon Exploration ◽  
Structural Development ◽  
Northern Margin ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Topographic Features ◽  
History Of ◽  
Complex Structural ◽  
Structural Blocks ◽  
East West

ABSTRACT Jebel Abd Al Aziz, one of the most prominent topographic features in northeastern Syria, is a large surface anticline. An integrated structural and stratigraphic study conducted by Unocal from 1988 to 1995 resulted in recognition that Jebel Abd Al Aziz originated from inversion of a pre-existing graben. Understanding the complex structural and stratigraphic history of the Jebel Abd Al Aziz is important to hydrocarbon exploration and development in the northern Arabian tectonic plate. This importance is demonstrated by the strong correlation between hydrocarbon productive areas and the areas of Plio-Pleistocene structural inversion. Our study illustrates how the evolution of this structure is recorded in its local stratigraphy. Prior to the development of the Jebel Abd Al Aziz structure, Senonian shelf carbonates prograded southward from Turkey into the Palmyride-Sinjar Trough that extended from west central to northeastern Syria. The shelf edge of this carbonate system was south of and subparallel to the Syrian border. In the Jebel Abd Al Aziz area, fine-grained basinal mudstones were deposited on a thin, transgressive, rudistid, bioclastic unit. In Early Maastrichtian, an east-west-trending graben developed at the present site of Jebel Abd Al Aziz. Reactivated northwest- and northeast-striking faults bound structural blocks within the graben. Seismic data indicate that the edges of the rift basin were deeply eroded. Valleys, cut into the sides of the basin along the trend of the older cross-cutting regional faults, exposed Carboniferous and possibly older strata. Olistostromes formed along the basin-bounding fault scarps and small turbidite fans developed at the channel mouths. Paleocurrent direction data from the turbidite sand bodies corresponds well with the trends of the valleys mapped on seismic data. Maastrichtian-age sediments are largely confined to the graben proper. Early Tertiary sediments filled a wider basin, but there is evidence that minor episodic inversion on some northeast and northwest trending faults occurred during the Eocene and early Miocene. The main inversion of the Jebel Abd Al Aziz structure occurred in the Late Pliocene and Pleistocene. Inversion produced a large fault-propagation fold above east-west trending faults near the northern margin of the graben. Smaller folds developed above other graben-bounding faults and the northeast- and northwest-striking faults within the graben underwent oblique slip during the deformation.

Characteristics and origins of ridges and troughs on the top of the Middle Miocene strata in the Beijiao sag of the Qiongdongnan basin, northern South China Sea

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-57
Author(s):  
Yufeng Li ◽  
Renhai Pu ◽  
Gongcheng Zhang ◽  
Hongjun Qu
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Seismic Data ◽  
Middle Miocene ◽  
Northern South China Sea ◽  
Qiongdongnan Basin ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Bottom Currents ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Sediment Waves ◽  
History Of

Sedimentary structures generated by bottom currents are poorly understood worldwide. Ridges and troughs are imaged for the first time by 3D high-resolution seismic data and drilled by a well, YL19-1-1, in the Beijiao sag of Qiongdongnan basin (QDNB). Combined with 2D high resolution seismic data, they are analyzed in detail. The results show that ridges and troughs occur on the top of the Middle Miocene, dominantly present a wave-shaped structure. Their magnitudes are larger on the middle (regional) slope than on the upper and lower slope. They extend for tens of kilometers, dominantly parallel to one another, evenly spaced and nearly E-W directed distribution, some of which locally merge and bifurcate. They are aligned oblique to the regional slope. Both internal mounded reflections and parallel underlying-strata reflections, occur within ridges. The presence of polygonal faults and weak-to-moderate amplitudes within the ridges and troughs, suggests that they consist of fine-grained mudstones, as confirmed by well YL19-1-1. High amplitudes filled within troughs are probably composed of coarse-grained turbidite sandstones where polygonal faults are inhibited. Truncated reflections and onlaps occur along the thalweg of a trough, and are also clearly observed on the sides of ridges and troughs. We conclude the troughs are a product of erosion of bottom currents, and ridges are remnant underlying (sediment waves) strata as a result of this erosion. Besides, troughs are filled by turbidite sandstones with high amplitudes in the southwestern part of the study area, where ridges and troughs a combined result of early erosion by bottom currents and later reworking by turbidity flows. Conceptual schematic models are proposed to show the evolutionary history of ridges and troughs. This study provides new insights into further understanding of erosion and deposition of bottom currents.

scholarly journals The Skælskør structure in eastern Denmark – wrench-related anticline or primary Late Cretaceous seafloor topography?

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 99-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Finn Surlyk ◽  
Lars Ole Boldreel ◽  
Lars Stemmerik ◽  
Holger Lykke Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
Seismic Data ◽  
Upper Cretaceous ◽  
Seafloor Topography ◽  
Bottom Currents ◽  
Northern Margin ◽  
Reflection Seismic ◽  
Topographic Features ◽  
Contourite Drifts

Sorgenfrei (1951) identified a number of NW–SE oriented highs in the Upper Cretaceous – Danian Chalk Group in eastern Denmark, including the Skælskør structure and interpreted them as anticlinal folds formed by wrenching along what today is known as the Ringkøbing-Fyn High. Recent reflection seismic studies of the Chalk Group in Øresund and Kattegat have shown that similar highs actually represent topographic highs on the Late Cretaceous – Danian seafloor formed by strong contourparallel bottom currents. Reflection seismic data collected over the Skælskør structure in order to test the hypothesis of Sorgenfrei show that the Base Chalk reflection is relatively flat with only very minor changes in inclination and cut by only a few minor faults. The structure is situated along the northern margin of a high with roots in a narrow basement block, projecting towards the northwest from the Ringkøbing Fyn High into the Danish Basin. The elevated position is maintained due to reduced subsidence as compared with the Danish Basin north of the high. The hypothesis of wrench tectonics as origin can be refuted. The seismic data show that the upper part of the Chalk Group is characterised by irregular mounded reflections, interpreted as representing contourite drifts, mounds and channels formed by strong, mainly late Maastrichtian bottom currents. The Skælskør structure of Sorgenfrei is thus in reality a Late Cretaceous topographic seafloor high formed by a combination of differential subsidence complemented by topographic features on the seafloor created by bottom currents in the late Maastrichtian.

The Tertiary lavas and sediments of northwest Rhum, Inner Hebrides

1985 ◽  
Vol 122 (5) ◽  
pp. 419-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Emeleus
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Accumulation ◽  
Central Complex ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Plant Remains ◽  
Main Ring ◽  
History Of ◽  
Basal Conglomerate ◽  
Aluminous Spinel ◽  
East West

AbstractSeveral small outliers of Tertiary lavas and sediments rest with strong unconformity on a buried landscape eroded from Torridonian sediments and Tertiary granophyre. Erosion continued during the period of sediment and lava accumulation. Four formations are recognized; these are, in order of increasing age, the Orval Formation (hawaiite and basaltic hawaiite lavas), the Guirdil Formation (icelandite lavas, interbedded conglomerates), the Upper Fionchra Formation (tholeiitic basaltic andesite lavas, hyaloclastite deposits, basal conglomerate) and the Lower Fionchra Formation (alkali and transitional basalt, basaltic hawaiite and hawaiite lava flows, basal conglomerate); each is separated by an erosional interval. Clasts in the conglomerates reveal a history of erosion of a terrain exposing gneisses, Torridonian sediments, igneous rocks derived from the Rhum Tertiary Central Complex (including allivalites), and Tertiary lavas of local origin but also including, in the oldest conglomerates, tholeiitic basalts not now preserved on or near Rhum. Prior to and during lava and sediment accumulation, erosion on Rhum had cut down to a level similar to that of the present day, although not to the extent that high-grade thermally altered rocks, which are a marked feature of the Central Complex, were being eroded in any quantity. A sequence of east–west trending valleys, possibly initiated on the line of the earlier Main Ring Fault, drained the area of the Central Complex which then, as now, must have been high ground. Small lakes occasionally formed in the valleys allowing the accumulation of fine-grained sediment with plant remains, and promoting the formation of hyaloclastite deposits when buried by later flows. No source for any of the lava formations is preserved on Rhum; they are thought to have come from feeders north of Rhum, possibly near Canna, and to have ponded against the hills and valleys near and in the Central Complex.The oldest tholeiitic lavas, not now found in situ, were followed by alkali and transitional flows compositionally similar to the Skye Main Lava Series but characteristically feldsparphyric; the most mafic also contain phenocrysts of magnesian olivine (with included Cr-Al-rich spinels) and aluminous spinel. Both the early alkalic/transitional basalts and the youngest hawaiites and basaltic hawaiites equilibrated at pressures < 9 kb; the tholeiitic basaltic andesites and icelandites equilibrated at relatively shallows depths.Apart from a few N–S to NW–SE-trending basalt dykes, the lava formations represent the youngest Tertiary igneous event on Rhum.

Tertiary structural development of selected valleys based on seismic data: Basin and Range province, northeastern Nevada

1981 ◽  
Vol 300 (1454) ◽  
pp. 435-442 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Data ◽  
Normal Fault ◽  
Structural Development ◽  
Basin And Range Province ◽  
Listric Fault ◽  
Strike Direction ◽  
Complex Scheme ◽  
Tear Fault ◽  
Well Data ◽  
East West

Reflexion seismic data in Railroad, Diamond, Mary’s River and Goshute Valleys provide information on their structural development that cannot be deduced solely from outcrop and well data. These valleys contain Tertiary sediments that, in dip section, define an asymmetrical basin bounded along the eastern flank by a major listric normal fault with about 3.0-4.5 km of displacement. The west flank is defined by a gentle east-dipping ramp. Seismically the trace of the listric fault is interpreted to dip westward and sole into the Palaeozoic section exploiting regionally recognized Mesozoic decollement surfaces. The Tertiary depocentre, adjacent to this fault, shifted from west to east with continued slippage through time, the greatest movement occurring in the Miocene and post-Miocene. In the strike direction, the valleys are separated into at least two subbasins by an east-west structurally high axis. The axis is postulated to be the result of a tear fault associated with movement along the listric normal fault. Tertiary stratigraphy varies between valleys and between sub-basins in a given valley. All the valleys contain Miocene and younger rocks; however, not all sub-basins contain the pre-Miocene section, suggesting a complex scheme of structural development.

scholarly journals Indo-Aryan – a house divided? Evidence for the east–west Indo-Aryan divide and its significance for the study of northern South Asia

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-274
Author(s):  
Jessica K. Ivani ◽  
Netra Paudyal ◽  
John Peterson
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Asian Languages ◽  
And Linguistics ◽  
Central South ◽  
Opening Up ◽  
Degree Of Similarity ◽  
East West

Abstract In this study, we investigate the possible presence of an east–west divide in Indo-Aryan languages suggested in previous literature (Peterson, John. 2017a. Fitting the pieces together – towards a linguistic prehistory of eastern-central South Asia (and beyond). Journal of South Asian Languages and Linguistics 4(2). 211–257.), with the further hypothesis that this divide may be linked to the influence of the Munda languages, spoken in the eastern part of the subcontinent. Working with 217 fine-grained variables on a sample of 27 Indo-Aryan and Munda languages, we test the presence of a geographical divide within Indo-Aryan using computational methods such as cluster analysis in combination with visual statistical inference. Our results confirm the presence of a geographical divide for the whole dataset and most of the individual features. We then proceed to compute the degree of similarity between the Indo-Aryan languages and Munda, using a Bayesian alternative to a t-test. The results for most features support the claim that the languages identified in the eastern clusters are indeed more similar to Munda, thereby opening up further research scenarios for the history of this region.

scholarly journals Petroleum systems and structures offshore central West Greenland: implications for hydrocarbon prospectivity

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 25-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrik Gregersen ◽  
Torben Bidstrup ◽  
Jørgen A. Bojesen-Koefoed ◽  
Flemming G. Christiansen ◽  
Finn Dalhoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Data ◽  
Gravity Data ◽  
Hydrocarbon Exploration ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Structural Development ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
West Greenland ◽  
Petroleum Systems ◽  
Major Interest ◽  
Offshore Region

A detailed geophysical mapping project has been carried out by the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) in the offshore region south-west and west of Disko and Nuussuaq, central West Greenland as part of the preparations for the Disko West Licensing Round in 2006 (Fig. 1). The main purpose of the study was to evaluate the prospectivity of this almost 100 000 km2 large region, and to increase knowledge of basin evolution and the structural development. Results of the work, including a new structural elements map of the region and highlights of particular interest for hydrocarbon exploration of this area, are summarised below. Evidence of live petroleum systems has been recognised in the onshore areas since the beginning of the 1990s when seeps of five different oil types were demonstrated (BojesenKoefoed et al. 1999). Oil seeps suggesting widely distributed marine source rocks of Mesozoic age are particularly promising for the exploration potential (Bojesen-Koefoed et al. 2004, 2007). Furthermore, possible DHIs (Direct Hydro carbon Indicators) such as gas-clouds, pock marks, bright spots and flat events have been interpreted in the offshore region (Skaarup et al. 2000; Gregersen & Bidstrup in press). The evaluation of the region (Fig. 1) is based on all public and proprietary seismic data together with public domainmag- netic and gravity data. The seismic data (a total of c. 28 000 line km) are tied to the two existing offshore exploration wells in the region (Hellefisk-1 and Ikermiut-1). The study also incorporates information on sediments and volcanic rocks from onshore Disko and Nuussuaq (Fig. 2). Ten seismic horizons ranging from ‘mid-Cretaceous’ to ‘Base Quaternary’ (Fig. 2) have been interpreted regionally. Large correlation distances to wells, varying data quality and a thick cover of basalt in the north-eastern part of the region, add uncertainty in the regional interpretation, especially for the deeper horizons such as the ‘mid-Cretaceous’ equivalent to Santonian sandstone interval drilled in Qulleq-1 far south. Based on the seismic interpretation (Fig. 3) structural elements maps, horizon-depth maps and isopach maps have been produced; these maps, together with general stratigraphic knowledge on potential reservoirs, seals and source rocks (Fig. 2), provide important information for discussions of critical play elements including kitchens and structures.The existence of many large structures combined with the evidence of live petroleum systems has spurred the recent major interest for hydrocarbon exploration in the region.

scholarly journals From Print Texts to Online Gaming: The Cross-Cultural History of Wuxia Fictions in Vietnam

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 215824402110213
Author(s):  
Phan Anh Quang
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Online Games ◽  
Online Gaming ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Mobile Gaming ◽  
Life Course Approach ◽  
Cultural Proximity ◽  
History Of ◽  
East West

The popularization of online gaming in Vietnam, including PC and mobile gaming, has witnessed the contribution of wuxia fictions as an essential aspect of digital content production. This article shows an attempt in tracing the cultural history of wuxia works in Vietnam. East-West differences have also been taken into consideration as a way to explain reading and playing preferences. By using life course approach along with the concepts of nostalgia and cultural proximity, this study tries to historically portray the wuxia readership in Vietnam and its vestige found in wuxia online games. The findings indicate that wuxia novels serve as a crucial factor representing the literary relationship between the Sinosphere and Vietnam. Its presence has enriched the content of Vietnamese literature, adding a new genre that has been widely accepted by many generations of Vietnamese readers. Because wuxia online games could be seen as the digital continuation of wuxia fictions, the author argues that prior experience drawn from interacting with wuxia novels affects the game selection-making process of players, and gaming companies in Vietnam also acknowledge that and deploy appropriate business strategies.

The Rise and Fall of Czech Post-Dissident Liberalism after 1989

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Kopeček
Keyword(s):  
Political Elite ◽  
Structural Development ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Group ◽  
Charter 77 ◽  
History Of ◽  
Democratic Revolution ◽  
Political Form ◽  
Soft Spot ◽  
Civic Forum

The article describes the rise and fall of the Civic Movement during the early 1990s, the most distinct post-dissident political group in Czech politics after 1989. Basically it follows two lines of enquiry. The first describes the post—Charter 77 community of people during the first years after the 1989 Czechoslovak democratic revolution, when strong personalities of the Czech culture and civic activism from its midst strove to cultivate a vision of “November 1989” in the nascent Czech democratic political culture and to promote the Velvet Revolution’s ethos as its base, first in the Civic Forum and later through one of the successor organisations, Civic Movement. Analysing the main reasons why these efforts were rather unsuccessful, the article turns to the “the politics of history” of the early Czechoslovak and Czech democracy. The “politics towards the past,” namely, turned out to be a soft spot of the post-dissident political elite and actually one of the main conflict points among the various cultural-political streams stemming from the former anticommunist opposition. The second line of enquiry focuses on this community’s half-hearted, if not even forced attempt at a political-ideological delineation heading towards socially conceived liberalism. The article describes how this attempt at recasting the “legacy” of former dissidence into a civic or social liberal political form also failed relatively soon due to the structural development of the Czech political system as well as internal ideological and political diversity of the Civic Movement.

Die Bundeswehr und die Belgischen Streitkräfte in Deutschland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Springer
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
Military Training ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
History Of ◽  
Military Training Areas ◽  
The Military ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Peak Phase ◽  
East West

This study is dedicated to the regional history of the East-West conflict on the basis of the relationship between the Germany military and the Belgian armed forces stationed in Germany. The central question it addresses is which factors were largely responsible for the interdependence between actors and institutions of both armies. In addition to analysing the limited time of the peak phase of Belgian military deployment in the Federal Republic 1946–1990, the book concentrates regionally on the military training areas of Vogelsang in the Eifel and the Wahner Heide near Cologne as military contact zones. For this purpose, the author evaluates unpublished archival sources at the local level for the first time.

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