scholarly journals The debate over Hubbert’s Peak: a review

GeoArabia ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moujahed Al-Husseini
Keyword(s):  
Production Rate ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Geological Survey ◽  
Recoverable Reserves ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Crude Oil Production ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Oil And Gas Companies

ABSTRACT The application of various quantitative techniques and assumptions by different authors to forecast the world’s conventional crude oil production in the 21st Century results in highly inconsistent predictions. The forecasts attempt to pinpoint the peak world oil production year (Hubbert’s Peak), peak production rate, and post-peak decline rate, based on estimates of the ultimate recoverable reserves (EURR). These techniques, pioneered by M.K. Hubbert in the mid-1950s, generally consider economic factors, such as the price of oil, as irrelevant in the long run. Some authors support a Low EURR World Scenario (about 2.0 trillion barrels, of which half has already been produced) and forecast Hubbert’s Peak in this decade. Other authors estimate the EURR at about 3.0 trillion barrels (Median EURR World Scenario), and this estimate is the mean EURR assessment of the United States Geological Survey and similar to assessments by several major oil and gas companies. An EURR of 3.0 trillion barrels implies Hubbert’s Peak will occur in 2020, or so, at a production rate of about 90–100 million barrels/day (compared to 85 million barrels/day in late 2005). A few authors support a High EURR World Scenario (4.0 trillion barrels or more) with Hubbert’s Peak in 2030 at a rate of 120 million barrels/day. Sensitivity analysis for Hubbert’s Curve suggest that Hubbert’s Peak moves by three years for every 200 billion barrels of error in the EURR.

American and Canadian Civil Actions Alleging Human Rights Violations Abroad by Oil and Gas Companies

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Horlick ◽  
Joe Cyr ◽  
Scott Reynolds ◽  
Andrew Behrman
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Human Rights Violations ◽  
Law Of Nations ◽  
Forum Non Conveniens ◽  
The Government ◽  
Oil And Gas Companies ◽  
Political Question ◽  
The U.S

Under the United States Alien Tort Statute, which permits non-U.S. citizens to bring lawsuits in U.S. courts for human rights violations that are violations of the law of nations, plaintiffs have filed claims against multinational oil and gas corporations for the direct or complicit commission of such violations carried out by the government of the country in which the corporation operated. In addition to exercising jurisdiction over U.S. corporations, U.S. courts have exercised jurisdiction in cases involving non-U.S. defendants for alleged wrongful conduct against non-U.S. plaintiffs committed outside the U.S.The exercise of jurisdiction by U.S. courts over non-U.S. defendants for alleged wrongful conduct against non-U.S. plaintiffs committed outside of the U.S. raises serious questions as to the jurisdictional foundation on which the power of U.S. courts to adjudicate them rests. Defences that foreign defendants can raise against the exercise of jurisdiction by the U.S. courts are an objection to the extraterritorial assertion of jurisdiction, the act of state doctrine, the political question doctrine, forum non conveniens, and the principle of comity. These defences are bolstered by the support of the defendant’s home government and other governments.

scholarly journals STRATEGIC ANALYSIS OF COMPETITIVE POSITIONS OF OIL AND GAS COMPANIES IN KAZAKHSTAN

2017 ◽  
pp. 79-85
Author(s):  
Tatyana Vasilyevna Pervitskaya ◽  
Olga Anatolievna Gavrilova ◽  
Tamara Nikolaevna Nikulina ◽  
Maria Vladimirovna Shendo
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
World Market ◽  
Strategic Analysis ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Exploration Drilling ◽  
Abc Analysis ◽  
Oil And Gas Companies ◽  
Oil Gas

The article highlights the methods of strategic analysis in order to define the competitive positions of oil and gas companies of Kazakhstan. The forecast of oil production in Kazakhstan in 2016-2030 in the context of land and sea production and the footage in exploration drilling in Kazakhstan in the context of the largest customers have been submitted. The main barriers for entering and functioning of the market of oil sale have been defined. Oil production by the companies subject to the share of "National Company KazMunaiGas", JSC has been analyzed. The characteristic of the market of oil production and petroservice has been given. The competitive analysis revealed that dynamics of the market share in 2015-2016 for the majority of the presented companies was stated as negative, which was the result of growing competition from the foreign companies (Chinese) and strengthening of competitive force of "JSCKazMunaiGas", JSC and its affiliates (50% and 100% societies). The strategic analysis of the leading oil and gas companies of Kazakhstan was fulfilled with application of methods of ABC analysis; it allowed to reveal groups of oil and gas companies in the Kazakhstan market which have the greatest impact on formation of significant indicators in the considered economic area. There has been built the matrix of analysis of growth rate of branch share and sales in the context of dynamics of exploration drilling, revenues from sales of oil, gas and their processing products. The market leader is "Tengizshevroil", JSC. It has been found that the external economic conditions, which were characterized by low price per oil barrel in the world market, had a great impact on the oil production sector in Kazakhstan.

scholarly journals Household Water Security: An Analysis of Water Affect in the Context of Hydraulic Fracturing in West Virginia, Appalachia

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bethani Turley ◽  
Martina Angela Caretta
Keyword(s):  
West Virginia ◽  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Water Security ◽  
The United States ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Gas Extraction ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Water Testing ◽  
Oil And Gas Companies

Hydraulic fracturing has been booming in the last decade in the United States. While natural gas extraction and production has improved the national energy security, it has raised questions around the water security of those communities where extraction is taking place. Both scientists and residents are concerned about hydraulic fracturing’s impacts on surface- and groundwater, especially regarding how hydraulic fracturing impacts residents’ access to safe household well water. In the past decade, the Marcellus Shale has been developed in Northwestern West Virginia, yet the human geography dimensions of oil and gas extraction in West Virginia remain to be investigated. This article, based on 30 in-depth interviews, explores household groundwater insecurity due to hydraulic fracturing experienced by residents (i.e., mineral owners, surface owners, and concerned citizens) in Northwestern West Virginia. The concept of water affect is used to attend to the emotional and subjective dimensions of water security by unveiling the power, emotional struggles, and mental stress inherent in water testing practices and environmental regulation around hydraulic fracturing. Water testing is typically conducted by contractors hired by oil and gas companies, but it is mired in delayed test results and incorrect testing procedures, triggering residents’ negative feelings toward oil and gas companies. This article furthers the understanding of water security, commonly defined in terms of individual access to adequate water quality and quantity, by studying Appalachian residents’ anxieties about well water contamination and uncertainty around the long-term water impacts of hydraulic fracturing. By investigating the uneven power relations around groundwater in West Virginia, the emotional experiences and responses are articulated to further the notion of water affect as impacting household groundwater security.

scholarly journals Utah

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Burghardt ◽  
Gage Hart Zobell
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Mandatory Reporting ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
Crude Oil Production

Oil and gas production continues to be an important sector of Utah’s economy. Following a 25% loss in production between 2014 and 2015, Utah’s production continues to slowly rebound. Crude oil production in 2019 appears to be slightly ahead of 2018 production. Monthly production averages slightly over three million barrels, placing Utah among the top ten states in crude oil production. Along with the continuing increase in production, the state’s legal framework governing oil and gas continues to develop. This Article examines recent changes in Utah statutes and regulations along with new case law developments involving the oil and gas industry. In particular, this Article discusses a recent federal bankruptcy decision involving midstream agreements, the revision to a Utah statute that now requires mandatory reporting of unclaimed mineral interests, and recent revisions to Utah’s oil and gas regulations.

scholarly journals NANO-SURFACTANT HUFF AND PUFF OPTIMATIZATION IN MARGINAL X FIELD USING COMMERCIAL SIMULATOR

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-57
Author(s):  
Ariel Paramastya ◽  
Steven Chandra ◽  
Wijoyo Niti Daton ◽  
Sudjati Rachmat
Keyword(s):  
Interfacial Tension ◽  
Production Rate ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Economic Aspect ◽  
Economic Optimization ◽  
Single Well

Economic optimization of an oil and gas project is an obligation that has to be done to increase overall profi t, whether the fi eld is still economically feas ible or the fi eld has surpassed its economic limit. In this case, a marginal fi eld waschosen for the study. In this marginal fi eld EOR methods have been used to boost the production rate. However, a full scale EOR method might not be profi table due to the amount of resources that is required to do it. Alternatively, Huff and Puff method is an EOR technique that is reasonable in the scope of single well. The Huff and Puff method is an EOR method where a single well serves as both a producer and an injector. The technique of Huff and Puff: (1) The well isinjected with designed injection fl uid, (2) the well is shut to let the fl uid to soak in the reservoir for some time, and (3) the well is opened and reservoir fl uids are allowed to be produced. The injection fl uid (in this case, nano surfactant) is hypothesized to reduce interfacial tension between the oil and rock, thus improving the oil recovery. In this study, the application of Huff and Puff method using Nanoparticles (NPs) as the injected fl uid, as a method of improving oil recovery is presented in a case study of a fi eld in South Sumatra. The study resulted that said method yields an optimum Incremental Oil Production (IOP) in which the economic aspect gain more profi t, and therefore it is considered feasible to be applied in the fi eld.

Unconventional petroleum resource evaluation in Queensland

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 471
Author(s):  
Alison Troup ◽  
Melanie Fitzell ◽  
Sally Edwards ◽  
Owen Dixon ◽  
Gopalakrishnan Suraj
Keyword(s):  
Survey Methodology ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Sedimentary Basins ◽  
The United States ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Geological Survey ◽  
Gas Content ◽  
United States Geological Survey ◽  
Petroleum Potential ◽  
Petroleum Resources

The search for unconventional petroleum resources requires a shift in the way the petroleum potential of sedimentary basins is assessed. Gas in source rocks and tight reservoirs has largely been ignored in preference for traditional conventional gas plays. Recent developments in technology now allow for the extraction of gas trapped in low-permeability reservoirs. Assessments of the unconventional petroleum potential of basins, including estimates of the potential resource are required to guide future exploration. The Geological Survey of Queensland is collaborating with Geoscience Australia (GA) and other state agencies to undertake regional assessments of several basins with potential for unconventional petroleum resources in Queensland. The United States Geological Survey methodology for assessment of continuous petroleum resources is being adopted to estimate total undiscovered oil and gas resources. Assessments are being undertaken to evaluate the potential of key formations as shale oil and gas and tight-gas plays. The assessments focus on mapping key attributes including depth, thickness, maturity, total organic carbon (TOC), porosity, gas content, reservoir pressure, mineralogy and regional facies patterns using data from stratigraphic bores and petroleum wells to determine play fairways or areas of greatest potential. More detailed formation evaluation is being undertaken for a regional framework of wells using conventional log suites and mudlogs to calculate porosity, TOC, maturity, oil and gas saturations, and gas composition. HyLoggerTM data is being used to determine its validity to estimate bulk mineralogy (clay-carbonate-quartz) compared with traditional x-ray diffraction methods. These methods are being applied to key formations with unconventional potential in the Georgina and Eromanga basins in Queensland.

scholarly journals Fossil energy: From conventional oil and gas to the shale revolution

2018 ◽  
Vol 189 ◽  
pp. 00004
Author(s):  
Mario Marchionna
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Liquid Hydrocarbon ◽  
The United States ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Crude Oil Production ◽  
Great Availability ◽  
World Exposition

The fossil fuels have provided more than 80% of the total energy consumption for more than 100 years; although in perspective renewables are expected to be the fastest growing energy sources, it is likely that fossil fuels will dominate energy use at least through 2050. This is still due to the increased worldwide need for energy, to their superior energy intensity and reliability and to the very huge numbers that underline world exposition to fossil fuels, not easily substitutable. A few brief considerations, regarding the chain of production, transport and use of the energy carriers, make us realize that the success that oil has had as an energy source cannot be attributed only to its great availability and the relatively cheap price but also to the ease with which liquid hydrocarbon derivatives can be transported, stored and distributed for their final use. In fact, their liquid state enables their energy density per unit of volume to be optimized, and this has great advantages especially for the storage and the distribution of the carrier. This does not mean that there are not challenges and dilemmas in the exploitation of conventional reserves, such as for example the decline of great reservoirs for lacking of suitable technology and reservoir management, the increased produced water from oil reservoirs and related management and the need to cope with the issue of climate change due to the CO2 emissions. Attention will then be paid towards unconventional resources, especially those that have lead to the “shale” revolution: the deployment of huge reserves of shale oil and gas have deeply modified the overall energy picture in the last ten years, especially in the United States. By moving towards 2040–2050, oil and gas will remain crucial energy components, maybe with some less crude-oil production but more natural gas and higher use of electricity, produced both by gas and by renewables and also pushed by the advent of electric vehicles.

scholarly journals Iran’s crude oil reserves and production

GeoArabia ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moujahed I. Al-Husseini
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Improved Oil Recovery ◽  
Total Recovery ◽  
Recoverable Reserves ◽  
Crude Oil Production ◽  
Decline Rate ◽  
The Government ◽  
Giant Fields

ABSTRACT The Government of Iran estimates the country’s initial-oil-in-place and condensate-in-place are about 600 and 32 billion barrels (Gb), respectively. In 2004, the official estimate of the proved remaining recoverable oil and condensate reserves was about 132.5 Gb, of which crude oil accounted for about 108 Gb. Cumulative crude oil production is expected to cross the 60 Gb mark in 2007, implying that the estimated ultimate recoverable reserves of crude oil are about 168 Gb (cumulative production plus remaining reserves) and the total recovery factor is about 28%. The main Oligocene-Miocene Asmari and Cretaceous Bangestan (Ilam and Sarvak) reservoirs contain about 43% and 25%, respectively, of the total crude oil-in-place. Recovery factors for the Asmari range between about 10–60%, and for the Bangestan between 20–30%. Between 1974 and 2004 remaining recoverable reserves have increased from about 66 to 108 Gb, while the ultimate recoverable reserves have increased from 86 to 168 Gb. In contrast to 1974 when Iran’s production peaked at 6.0 Mb/d, production in 2005 averaged about 4.1 Mb/d. The 1974 peak occurred when production from most of the giant fields was ramped-up to very high but unsustainable levels. Current plans are to increase the crude oil production rate to 4.6 Mb/d by 2009. This is a significant challenge because this production capacity has to offset a reported total annual decline rate of 300–500,000 barrels/day (Kb/d). This high decline rate is attributed to the maturity of the giant fields, many of which attained their peaks in the 1970s and have produced about half or more of their estimated ultimate recoverable reserves. Therefore to achieve the 2009 production target within the next three years, Iran has to add about 680 Kb/d of capacity per year from its developed fields (infill drilling, recompletions, enhanced and improved oil recovery), while also adding net new surface facilities and well capacity from undeveloped fields and reservoirs.

scholarly journals Automated Water Level Monitoring at the Continental Scale from ICESat-2 Photons

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 3631
Author(s):  
Austin Madson ◽  
Yongwei Sheng
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Cluster Computing ◽  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Geological Survey ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
Water Level Changes ◽  
Lakes And Reservoirs ◽  
The Mean

Of the approximately 6700 lakes and reservoirs larger than 1 km2 in the Contiguous United States (CONUS), only ~430 (~6%) are actively gaged by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) or their partners and are available for download through the National Water Information System database. Remote sensing analysis provides a means to fill in these data gaps in order to glean a better understanding of the spatiotemporal water level changes across the CONUS. This study takes advantage of two-plus years of NASA’s ICESat-2 (IS-2) ATLAS photon data (ATL03 products) in order to derive water level changes for ~6200 overlapping lakes and reservoirs (>1 km2) in the CONUS. Interactive visualizations of large spatial datasets are becoming more commonplace as data volumes for new Earth observing sensors have markedly increased in recent years. We present such a visualization created from an automated cluster computing workflow that utilizes tens of billions of ATLAS photons which derives water level changes for all of the overlapping lakes and reservoirs in the CONUS. Furthermore, users of this interactive website can download segmented and clustered IS-2 ATL03 photons for each individual waterbody so that they may run their own analysis. We examine ~19,000 IS-2 derived water level changes that are spatially and temporally coincident with water level changes from USGS gages and find high agreement with our results as compared to the in situ gage data. The mean squared error (MSE) and the mean absolute error (MAE) between these two products are 1 cm and 6 cm, respectively.

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