scholarly journals Problems of legal regulation of carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere

MediAl ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 6-9
Author(s):  
A. V. Knyazev ◽  
A. I. Sekushina ◽  
L. Yu. Garin
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Biomass Combustion

This article is devoted to the problems of legislative regulation of carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere. The main sources of carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere today are the production, transportation, processing and consumption of fossil fuels (86%), the reduction of tropical forests and other biomass combustion (12%), and other sources. With the advent in the world of the industrial revolution in the mid-nineteenth century, there was a progressive increase in anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere that led to the disruption of the carbon cycle and growth CO2 concentration. Currently, about 57% of the carbon dioxide produced by mankind is removed from the atmosphere by plants and oceans. Carbon dioxide does not belong to toxic gas, however at inhalation of its raised concentrations in air on influence on the air-breathing live organisms carbon dioxide carry to suffocating gases. The concentration of carbon dioxide in the air today is one of the important factors affecting human life and health. Excess of this substance leads to a decrease in productivity, poor health or even death. In addition, carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas, which is the cause of gradual warming, which is known to have a negative impact on people's lives. Such consequences forced humanity to take measures to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and control the volume of carbon dioxide emissions.

scholarly journals Dynamical Analysis of the Global Warming

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Tenreiro Machado ◽  
António M. Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Fourier Transforms ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Warming Trend ◽  
Dynamical Analysis ◽  
Temperature Records

Global warming is a major concern nowadays. Weather conditions are changing, and it seems that human activity is one of the main causes. In fact, since the beginning of the industrial revolution, the burning of fossil fuels has increased the nonnatural emissions of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that absorbs the infrared radiation produced by the reflection of the sunlight on the Earth’s surface, trapping the heat in the atmosphere. Global warming and the associated climate changes are being the subject of intensive research due to their major impact on social, economic, and health aspects of human life. This paper studies the global warming trend in the perspective of dynamical systems and fractional calculus, which is a new standpoint in this context. Worldwide distributed meteorological stations and temperature records for the last 100 years are analysed. It is shown that the application of Fourier transforms and power law trend lines leads to an assertive representation of the global warming dynamics and a simpler analysis of its characteristics.

scholarly journals THE POSSIBILITY OF IMPLEMENTING CARBON LEVIES IN INDONESIA USING EXISTING LAW

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-62
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sutartib ◽  
Muh Nurkhamid
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Excise Taxes ◽  
Tax State ◽  
Mitigate Climate Change

This qualitative research method aims to prove that without making new laws, Indonesia can still fulfill what is mandated in the Paris Agreement. Indonesia has ratified this agreement since 2016, so it must immediately take appropriate and concrete steps for reducing carbon dioxide emissions. A carbon tax is one of the most powerful tools to mitigate climate change, so many experts have suggested that Indonesia has to immediately implements a carbon tax  as well. We suggest replacing the term of a carbon tax with carbon levy, to make it more flexible in its collection without having to enact new laws. A carbon tax is a corrective tax on goods that have a negative impact on their use, so there is a similarity between the philosophy of the carbon tax and the philosophy of excise. The weakness of the existing Excise Law is that it is only intended for tangible goods  so that this Law cannot adopt carbon levies on activities that create a carbon footprint. This paper concludes that carbon levies in the form of excise taxes can be used to tax fossil fuels, while for activities that emit carbon dioxide, the levy uses the non-tax state levy mechanism.

Electricity production and its effects on carbon dioxide emissions in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: إنتاج الكهرباء وآثاره في انبعاثات ثاني أكسيد الكربون في المملكة العربية السعودية

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 134-108
Author(s):  
Zakiah Radhi Alhajji, Mohamed Elsayed Hafez Ali Zakiah Radhi Alhajji, Mohamed Elsayed Hafez Ali
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Energy Productivity ◽  
Gulf Region ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia

Because of increased demand for electrical energy in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, which has resulted in an increase in carbon dioxide emissions, the electricity system in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is the largest in the Gulf region and the Arab world, with approximately 61.7 gigatons (GW) of peak demand and 89.2 gigatons (GW) of available capacity in 2018 of electricity power. It has grown rapidly over more than 20 years and has almost doubled in size since 2000. Where we observe that the total carbon dioxide emissions in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from 1990 to 2020; where shows rapid growth in emissions of carbon dioxide and greenhouse gases, as it was found that CO2 emissions in 1990 amounted to 151 million metric tons compared to 2011 when it reached about 435 million metric tons, and the increase continued until 2020 when it reached about 530 million metric tons. The comprehensive study relied on time series analysis to carefully analyze the electric energy productivity rate from fossil fuels and the significant amount of carbon dioxide emissions typically resulting from promptly burning fossil fuels to naturally produce electric energy. Therefore, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, through Vision 2030 and the Paris Agreement on Climate Change, looks to reduce the rate of carbon dioxide emissions in the field of electric power generation by diversifying the fuels used or replacing them with clean and renewable energy such as solar and wind energy.

scholarly journals An Attempt to Reduce the Emission of Spark-Ignition Engine with Mixtures of Bioethanol and Gasoline as Substitute Fuels

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
Wojciech Gis ◽  
Maciej Gis ◽  
Piotr Wiśniowski ◽  
Mateusz Bednarski
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Limiting emissions of harmful substances is a key task for vehicle manufacturers. Excessive emissions have a negative impact not only on the environment, but also on human life. A significant problem is the emission of nitrogen oxides as well as solid particles, in particular those up to a diameter of 2.5 microns. Carbon dioxide emissions are also a problem. Therefore, work is underway on the use of alternative fuels to power the vehicle engines. The importance of alternative fuels applies to spark ignition engines. The authors of the article have done simulation tests of the Renault K4M 1.6 16v traction engine for emissions for fuels with a volumetric concentration of bioethanol from 10 to 85 percent. The analysis was carried out for mixtures as substitute fuels – without doing any structural changes in the engine's crankshafts. Emission of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons, oxygen at full throttle for selected rotational speeds as well as selected engine performance parameters such as maximum power, torque, hourly and unit fuel consumption were determined. On the basis of the simulation tests performed, the reasonableness of using the tested alternative fuels was determined on the example of the drive unit without affecting its constructions, in terms of e.g. issue. Maximum power, torque, and fuel consumption have also been examined and compared. Thus, the impact of alternative fuels will be determined not only in terms of emissions, but also in terms of impact on the parameters of the power unit.

scholarly journals LEGAL REGULATION OF WASTE MANAGEMENT IN UKRAINE AND THE EU

2020 ◽  
pp. 67-78
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Balobanov ◽  
◽  
Anastasiia Shparlo ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
European Legislation ◽  
European Standards ◽  
Maritime Infrastructure

Ensuring the environment is safe for human life and health is one of the vital goals of the entire world community. Seaports inevitably affect the atmosphere, hydrosphere and soil. The main source of environmental pollution are merchant ships, which produce the most danger for the marine environment. The solution to the problem of waste management should be carried out through the state regulation, which should take into account the national characteristics of the population and the positive experience of European legislation. The author notes that the effective functioning and development of seaports depends on a number of factors, including the level of their technological and technical equipment, development of maritime infrastructure, compliance of the management system with modern international requirements, provision of regulatory framework. The current legislation of Ukraine and the requirements of the European legislation in the field of waste management are considered and analyzed. Approaches to solving the global problem in the context of European integration are proposed, namely: creating the necessary regulatory framework to reduce ship waste and cargo residues into the sea, as well as preventing or limiting the negative impact of seaports on the environment and human health; creation of modern infrastructure. The lack of regulation has a direct impact on the environment, on the efficiency of not only the port and transport industry, but also the economy as a whole. The study aims to highlight a fundamental criterion − waste management in the ports of Ukraine. It is concluded that in Ukraine there is no clear organizational structure of waste management. The author concludes that it is necessary to use European standards for waste management in ports

Global Effects of Atmospheric Emissions

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
Abdullah A. Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Element Carbon ◽  
Climatic Environment ◽  
Long Time

The element carbon Carbon dioxide emissions are increasing primarily as a result of people's use of fossil fuels for electricity. Coal and oil are fossil fuels that contain carbon that plants removed from the atmosphere by photosynthesis over millions of years; and in just a few hundred years we've returned carbon to the atmosphere. The element carbon Carbon dioxide concentrations rise primarily as a result of the burning of fossil fuels and Freon for electricity. Fossil fuels such as coal, oil and gas produce carbon plants that were photosynthesized from the atmosphere over many years, since in just two centuries, carbon was returned to the atmosphere. Climate alter could be a noteworthy time variety in weather designs happening over periods ranging from decades to millions of a long time. The permanent change in climatic conditions, or in the time period of long-term natural conditions, indicates irregularity in climatic conditions. Discuss toxins are pollutants that have an adverse impact on the ecosystem through interferometry's with the climatic environment, plant physiology, creature organisms, complete biological systems and human property in the form of agricultural or human crops. We list the best climate to represent the fact that global climate change has been identified as one of the major environmental problems facing humanity in the 21st century. In this context, the list of "classic" poisons must be included alongside substances such as oxides of nitrogen or sulfide. Certain environment limiting agents – the most crucial of them being carbon dioxide – which otherwise do not damage life formations. On the other hand, climate research has linked some compounds that have long been known to discuss toxin (occasionally dark CO2) with the warming of the climate.

scholarly journals A roadmap for China to peak carbon dioxide emissions and achieve a 20% share of non-fossil fuels in primary energy by 2030

2019 ◽  
Vol 239 ◽  
pp. 793-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Zhou ◽  
Lynn Price ◽  
Dai Yande ◽  
Jon Creyts ◽  
Nina Khanna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Primary Energy

Relationships between Carbon Emissions and Economic Growth, Foreign Direct Investment and Export in China

2013 ◽  
Vol 448-453 ◽  
pp. 4544-4547
Author(s):  
Di Wang ◽  
Guo Zhong Sun
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Export Trade ◽  
Carbon Reduction ◽  
Export Structure

China's CO2 emissions from 1990 to 2010 were calculated as well as two economical models were established, and the relationship between carbon dioxide emissions, economic growth, foreign direct investment (FDI) and export trade was analyzed. The result shows that the relations between China's carbon emissions and GDP showing the "N" type. Economic growth and export trade had significantly promoted China's carbon emissions, while the relations between FDI and China's carbon emissions are not significant. During the past years, exports have played an important role in promoting china's economic development. However, the main exporting industries are energy and emission intensive, which reveals disadvantage for carbon reduction. To reverse the negative impact of the export to china's carbon dioxide emissions, export structure should be optimized, and the outdated technology, equipment and products should be eliminated, while energy-conservative and environmental friendly industries should be promoted.

Technical and Economic Aspects of Carbon Capture an Storage — A Review

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 357-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Havva Balat ◽  
Cahide Öz
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
The United States ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Ccs Technologies ◽  
And Storage

This article deals with review of technical and economic aspects of Carbon Capture and Storage. Since the late 1980s a new concept is being developed which enables to make use of fossil fuels with a considerably reduced emission of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. The concept is often called ‘Carbon Capture and Storage’ (CCS). CCS technologies are receiving increasing attention, mainly for their potential contribution to the optimal mitigation of carbon dioxide emissions that is intended to avoid future, dangerous climate change. CCS technologies attract a lot of attention because they could allow “to reduce our carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere whilst continuing to use fossil fuels”. CCS is not a completely new technology, e.g., the United States alone is sequestering about 8.5 MtC for enhanced oil recovery each year. Today, CCS technologies are widely recognised as an important means of progress in industrialized countries.

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