What Does It Mean Philosophy of the Collective Science?

2020 ◽  
pp. 115-123
Author(s):  
Alexander A. Krushanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Special Section ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Research Teams ◽  
Language Of Science ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Population Effects

One of the most important tasks which the philosophy of science faces today is the comprehension and methodological regulation of new forms of collective scientific work that are emerging today. The solution to this problem presup­poses, in turn, a rethinking of traditional epistemological ideas about cognitive activity, and above all, the idea of its subject. The interpretation of the cognition subject as a cognitive robinson needs to be rethought. For this purpose, the author believes, the philosophy of science should turn to the analysis of the peculiar population effects arising in modern scientific communities. Moreover, in the au­thor's opinion, for a more effective implementation of this analysis, it should be extracted into a special section of the philosophy of science – the philosophy of collective science – which focuses on features of scientific research within the framework of collaboration – cooperation, rather than on the individual cre­ative activity of scientists. Today the research in this direction develops inten­sively. Both foreign (among whom I would like to note the works of P. Galison) and domestic researchers (I. Kasavin, V. Pronskikh, B. Pruzhinin) are working in this direction today. To the population effects requiring a special philosophical and methodological analysis the author refers: difficulties in developing a profes­sional language of science for the scientific community which performs collec­tive research; the existence of the phenomenon of fashionable scientific direction that deforms cognition; phenomena associated with the exchange of information using scientific messages. The article also touches on the issue of analyzing the structure of the collective subject of cognition. Research teams as subsystems of a collective subject are divided into: structural research teams and informal research teams. All these phenomena reveal themselves in many areas of modern science. But they are especially vividly observed within the framework of the so-called Big Science (megascience). The article also attempts to show that three different types of “collectivity” of scientific activity can be distinguished in col­lective science.

Comparison of publication activity level in the medical field in Ukraine and the countries of the worldActivities of higher education institutions in the technology transfer

2020 ◽  
pp. 74-83
Author(s):  
A.B. Osadcha
Keyword(s):  
Web Of Science ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Publication Activity ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Medical Field

In the context of the rapid development of scientific and technological progress in Ukraine, including the medical field, a significant contribution belongs to scientific researches based on world recognition, and publications in scientific journals indexed in international bibliometric databases, will lead to the possibility of upgrading modern science in medical higher educational institutions. The most significant in modern society is not only activity process or thought, but the result that scientific research provides. Scientific activity is difficult to evaluate with only one parameter; moreover, there is a need for evaluation using qualitative indicators. The article presents author’s research results of publication activity level in the medical field in Ukraine, taking into account world experience based on international bibliometric database Clarivate Analytics’s Web of Science. Clarivate Analytics accelerates research progress by providing researchers with reliable information sources, analytics around the world, and the ability to quickly create, defend, and commercialize new ideas. Clarivate Analytics is an independent company with more than 4000 employees working in more than 100 countries, and has a well-known brand — Web of Science. It provides access to the largest database of scientific articles from carefully selected reputable journals. Researchers can use effective search instruments that take into account metadata and bibliographic references and allow you to get the highest quality, meaningful and impartial information. Web of Science is an accurate and reliable source of information for assessing scientific work, the most comprehensive resource in which both quality and quantity are equally valued.

scholarly journals Modular Teaching Technology Based on Scientific Activity

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 7709-7712
Keyword(s):  
Educational Institution ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Gifted Students ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Learning Technology ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Educational Task ◽  
The Individual

the article is based on analyzing the effectiveness of implementing modular training technology in teaching process and in the process of scientific activity. As well as, author analyses the steps of its usage. A module is a separate unit that includes theoretical material, training tasks, and methodological recommendations for students. The constituent element of the module is control questions and tests, as well as keys for self-checking or mutual checking. By studying the module, students achieve a specific didactic or pedagogical goal. The content of the training session is constructed from several logically interconnected modules, each of which solves a specific educational task. The execution of the module is given a fixed time. Together, all modular blocks are aimed at achieving substantive and personal results. The module is an independent structural unit, which in some cases allows individual students to listen to not the entire course, but only a number of modules. This allows you to optimally plan the individual and independent work of gifted students. For the active introduction of modular learning technology, it is necessary to increase student motivation. Pupils should have a well-developed ability of independent cognitive activity. It is important that the material base of the educational institution makes it possible to provide students with individual sets for working in modular lessons.

The ideal of whole knowledge as a principle of the organization of science and society: a glance at 4338 from the beginning of the XXI century

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Sofia Pirozhkova
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
General Direction ◽  
Social Innovations ◽  
Methodological Principles ◽  
Organization Of Science

The paper analyzes the model of the scientific activity and social order organization, presented in the unfinished novel by V. F. Odoevskij «4338: St. Petersburg’ letters». It is shown that the novel has a futurological character and futurological success. The methodological principles articulated by Odoevskij are analyzed in detail, it is shown how these principles allow anticipating the general direction of development of organizational forms of scientific activity, some conceptual shifts in understanding the essence of scientific knowledge, as well as several social innovations. The author compares Odoevskij's methods of anticipating the future and methodological tools, used by classical futurology, on one hand, and Futures studies — on the other. It is proved that since Odoevskij constructs his futurological scenario in response to the contradictions in the development of modern science and modern society revealed by him earlier, this scenario has not only a prognostic, but also a utopian value — as an ideal model of the structure of science as a cognitive activity and as a social institution, which is capable to give fruitful principles of the organization of society as a whole.

scholarly journals SCIENTIFIC WORK IN THE PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF FUTURE PSYCHOLOGISTS IN INTERACTION WITH MARGINAL SOCIAL GROUPS

2020 ◽  
pp. 75-86
Author(s):  
Lyudmila Stepanenko
Keyword(s):  
Professional Training ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Motivating Factor

It was identified that active scientific work of students is possible only in the presence of serious and persistent motivation. The strongest motivating factor is the preparation for further effective professional activity. Studying of research on the problem made it possible to make sure that students need to be taught to determine the main components, structure of scientific work, to determine their readiness for problematic studying, to learn to use the means of scientific activity, to be able to carry out experimental and research work. During scientific activity, particular attention of future psychologists is directed to ways of updating knowledge. The nature of motivation, as well as of cognitiveeducational, procedural and socioprofessional activity is fundamentally changing: instead of knowledge filling and retention, there is an independent search for a new material. In this way, increasing motivation and socioprofessional orientation are stimulated. Theoretical analysis and generalization of the experience of leadership of student scientific work made it possible to distinguish the personal characteristics of future psychologists in their readiness for scientific activity. The forms and methods of scientific knowledge of students - future psychologists are solved and the conditions of their use are determined. It is determined that modern science performs two basic social functions - cognitive and practical.

scholarly journals History of Psychology

Psychology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Devonis ◽  
Wade Pickren
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Special Section ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
The United States ◽  
History Of Psychology ◽  
Standard Textbook ◽  
History Of ◽  
Selection Of

At its inception as a specialty within psychology in the first decades of the 20th century, the history of psychology was usually conceived as an extension of the history of philosophy, with perhaps some special attention given to the development of modern science. Within the last thirty years, the history of psychology has come of age and has become as diverse as its sprawling subject: historical studies have proliferated as psychologists’ activities have expanded and diversified. Alongside the original purpose of delineating the evolution of psychology from the historical roots of science, philosophy, medicine, and other intellectual traditions, recent histories of psychology have been very concerned with describing and explaining the social, organizational, and political context of psychological events and theories. Thus, the scholar of the history of any area of psychology would do well to become acquainted with other specialized literature not only of the specific area of psychology in which the historical events take place, but also of the political, social, and economic systems which condition them. Those with an interest in the history of any area of psychology which is not represented in any part of this necessarily selective article should adopt the attitude of confident pioneering which characterizes the leading historical scholarship in psychology today, school themselves in some basic techniques of historical investigation, and contribute to the further deepening and elaboration of our rich historical record. The timeframe of this article is the period from 1900 onward, mainly in the United States and Western Europe. This article contains a brief orientation and a section on the history of psychology as represented in Textbooks, classic and modern. There are also several sections expanding on the range of essential reference resources: Encyclopedias, Dictionaries, and Bibliographies; Compendia and Readers, along with collections of primary-source excerpts; Journals and blogs; Illustrations, Artifacts, and Archives; Timelines and Rankings of Eminence; Biography and Autobiography; and background about major Professional Organizations connected to the history of psychology. The philosophical context is represented by sections containing critiques of standard textbook history, sections that contextualize psychology’s history within the philosophy of science (see History and Philosophy of Science), a section on disciplinary taxonomy organized around the question of the Unity vs. Diversity of Psychology, and a section on several “crises” in 20th-century psychology. There is a selection of works surveying the transformation of psychology from science to applied technology (see the Transition from Science to Technology, 1880–1970). Histories of Subfields—theoretical and applied, with a special section on clinical psychology—are included, along with sections detailing the history of psychology in the contexts of Race, Ethnicity, and Culture as well as Gender. Finally, the section on Future Directions includes a selection of works pointing toward areas of potential future development in the field.

The Post-Academic Trend in the Evolution of Methodological Consciousness

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 128-139
Author(s):  
Natalia K. Kisel
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Academic Science ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Cognitive Components ◽  
Social Physics ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Levels Of Functioning

The development of science at all stages of its penetration into a technogenic society is accompanied by changes in methodological consciousness in its various incarnations. However, preferring to analyze the metamorphoses of science as special knowledge about the world, to examine the evolution of its methodological tools, forms of structural and functional organization of scientific and cognitive activity, at the same time, modern research practices leave aside the evolution of methodological consciousness as such. Although, according to the author, analysis of this phenomenon makes possible to define, if not a paradigmatic, then at least a syntagmatic approach to the study of modern post-academic science. The representation of methodological consciousness can be carried out in different versions. The article considers its evolution at various levels of functioning – individual and supra-individual, embodied in the methodological innovations of science itself as well as in the philosophical and methodological discourse interconnected with it. The assertion of unique forms of methodological consciousness at the supraindividual level, in particular, characterizes the development of modern social physics, which combines syntagmatics, inter- and transdisciplinarity as strategies of scientific search. The evolution of methodological consciousness at the individual level is inextricably linked with the renewal of the scientific habitus of individual scientists. In the context of the commercialization of post-academic science, destructive changes in the qualities of scientific creativity and scientific ethos undoubtedly affect the mental and cognitive components of the scientific habits of researchers. For the majority of the scientific community, the transformation of the scientific habitus proceeds spontaneously. Awareness of the uniqueness of post-academic science today occurs mainly within the framework of philosophical and methodological discourse. The result of this process is problematized by the author as a phenomenon of “post-academic philosophy of science,” characterized by a number of features of a substantive, methodological, and institutional nature. The question of its correlation with the traditional philosophy of science, on the one hand, and with disciplinary strategies in the study of science, on the other, opens up prospects for the emergence of new paradigms of modern philosophical and methodological discourse. 

scholarly journals Terminologia a współczesna rzeczywistość naukowa.

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (5/2020(774)) ◽  
pp. 7-17
Author(s):  
Stanisław Gajda
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Science Studies ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Collective Consciousness ◽  
Cognitive Perspective ◽  
Cognitive Space ◽  
Philosophical Ontology ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
The Individual

The author refl ects on a new interpretation framework in research on terminology. Referring to the philosophy of science and modern science studies, he distinguishes two types of doing science: traditional science and modern science. The centre of the linguistic cognitive space is located in traditional science. The naturalistic cognitive perspective determined also the shape of terminology studies. After philosophical ontology, the author adopts four ways in which a term can exist: in specifi c texts and in the system as well as in the individual and collective consciousness. This requires giving consideration to various perspectives (including the anti-naturalistic one) in terminological research and diverse cognitive methods, as well as a theoretical consolidation of the obtained results.

The Modern Aristotle: Michael Polanyi’s Search for Truth against Nihilism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Hoinski ◽  
Ronald Polansky
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Michael Polanyi ◽  
Contemporary Philosophy ◽  
The Face ◽  
Human Desire ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Theoretical Science

David Hoinski and Ronald Polansky’s “The Modern Aristotle: Michael Polanyi’s Search for Truth against Nihilism” shows how the general tendencies of contemporary philosophy of science disclose a return to the Aristotelian emphasis on both the formation of dispositions to know and the role of the mind in theoretical science. Focusing on a comparison of Michael Polanyi and Aristotle, Hoinski and Polansky investigate to what degree Aristotelian thought retains its purchase on reality in the face of the changes wrought by modern science. Polanyi’s approach relies on several Aristotelian assumptions, including the naturalness of the human desire to know, the institutional and personal basis for the accumulation of knowledge, and the endorsement of realism against objectivism. Hoinski and Polansky emphasize the promise of Polanyi’s neo-Aristotelian framework, which argues that science is won through reflection on reality.

A ciência e a superação das desigualdades

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-74
Author(s):  
Galileu Galilei Medeiros de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Laws Of Nature ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Isaac Newton ◽  
Positive Science ◽  
Popular View ◽  
Science Philosophy

Resumo: O artigo é um ensaio sobre como a atividade científica poderia ser influenciada por uma proposta ética voltada para a superação das desigualdades. A questão subjacente a este estudo tematiza a possível contraposição entre a ética, que parece ser inteiramente vinculada à liberdade humana e seus processos de escolha, e a lógica da pesquisa científica, que ainda, pelo menos em visão popular, parece se basear na posse de informações objetivas e na descoberta de leis de regulação da natureza. Será feita uma breve contextualização das aquisições teóricas sobre o sentido da ciência positiva dos últimos séculos, procurando extrair daí as indicações de uma estreita dependência dessa em relação às escolhas humanas, em virtude de sua metodologia dialética.   Palavras-Chave: Ciência positiva. Filosofia da ciência. Dialética. Ética.      Abstract: The article is an essay on how scientific activity could be influenced by an ethics proposal aimed at overcoming inequalities. The question underlying this study discusses the possible contrast between ethics, which seems to be entirely linked to human freedom and choice processes, and the logic of scientific research, which still, at least in a popular view, seems to be based on possession of objective information and discovery of regulatory laws of nature. Will be presented a brief background of theoretical acquisitions on the meaning of positive science of the last centuries, looking to extract the indications of a close dependence of this in relation to human choices, because your dialectic methodology.  Keywords: Positive Science. Philosophy of Science. Dialectic. Ethics. REFERÊNCIASARISTÓTELES, Tópicos. In: _______. Órganon. 2.ed. São Paulo: EDIPRO, 2010, p. 347-543.BLONDEL, M. L’Action (1893): essai d’une critique de la vie et d’une science de la pratique, Paris: Quadrige, 1993.CARNAP, R. A superação da metafísica por meio da análise lógica da linguagem. In: Cognitio, São Paulo, v. 10, n. 2, jul./dez. 2009, p. 293-309.DESCARTES, R. Discurso do Método. São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2001.DILTHEY, W. Introdução às ciências humanas. Rio de Janeiro: Forense, 2010.FANNING, P. A. Isaac Newton e a transmutação da alquimia: uma visão alternativa da revolução científica. Balneário Camboriú (SC): Livraria Danúbio, 2016.GALILEI, G. Edizione Nazionale delle Opere di Galileo Galilei. Antonio Favaro (ed.) Florença: Barbéra, 1928-38, 19 Vols.HESSE, Mary. Revolutions and Reconstruction in Philosophy of Science. Brighton, 1980.HUME, D. Investigações sobre o entendimento humano. In: BERKELEY, G.; HUME, D. Tratado sobre os princípios do conhecimento humano; Três diálogos entre Hilas e Filonous em oposição aos Céticos e Ateus; Investigação sobre o entendimento humano; Ensaios morais, políticos e literários. São Paulo: Abril Cultural, 1978.KUHN, T. La strututtura delle rivoluzioni scientifiche. Torino: [s.n], 1978.LEVINAS, E. Totalité et Infini. [sl]: The Hague, 1971.MACINTYRE, A. Dopo la virtù: Saggio di teoria morale. Milano: Feltrino, 1988.NEIMAN, S. O mal no pensamento moderno: uma história alternativa da filosofia. Rio de Janeiro: DIFEL, 2003.NIETZSCHE, F. Assim falou Zaratustra. 2.ed., Petrópolis: Vozes, 2008.ORTEGA Y GASSET, J. O que é Filosofia? Campinas: Vide Editorial, 2016.PAGANI, S.M.; Luciani, A. (org.) Os Documentos do Processo de Galileu Galilei. Petrópolis: Vozes, 1994.PLATÃO. Teeteto. Tradução de Edson Bini, Bauru/SP: EDIPRO, 2007.POPPER. K. A lógica da descoberta científica. São Paulo: Cultrix, 2001.WHITE, M. O grande livro das coisas horríveis: a crônica definitiva da história das 100 piores atrocidades. Rio de Janeiro: Rocco, 2013. 

PHILOSOPHICAL PROPAEDEUTICS IN THE SYSTEM OF PRESCHOOL EDUCATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Gan N.Yu. ◽  
Ponomareva L.I. ◽  
Obukhova K.A.
Keyword(s):  
Modern Science ◽  
Preschool Education ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Social Relevance ◽  
The Social ◽  
Moral Problems ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Training

Today, worldview, spiritual and moral problems that have always been reflected in education and upbringing come to the fore in society. In this situation, there is a demand for philosophical categories. One of the priority goals of education in modern conditions is the formation of a reasonable, reflexive person who is able to analyze their actions and the actions of other people. Modern science is characterized by an understanding of the absolute value and significance of childhood in the development of the individual, which implies the need for its multilateral study. In the conditions of democratization of all spheres of life, the child ceases to be a passive object of education and training, and becomes an active carrier of their own meanings of being and the subject of world creation. One of the realities of childhood is philosophizing, so it is extremely timely to address the identification of its place and role in the world of childhood. Children's philosophizing is extremely poorly studied, although the need for its analysis is becoming more obvious. Children's philosophizing is one of the forms of philosophical reflection, which has its own qualitative specificity, on the one hand, and commonality with all other forms of philosophizing, on the other. The social relevance of the proposed research lies in the fact that children's philosophizing can be considered as an intellectual indicator of a child's socialization, since the process of reflection involves the adoption and development of culture. Modern society, in contrast to the traditional one, is ready to "accept" a philosophizing child, which means that it is necessary to determine the main characteristics and conditions of children's philosophizing.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document