The Problem of Personality in Sapiozoi

Author(s):  
Irina A. Gerasimova ◽  

Article discusses the problem of personality in the coming era of Sapiozoic. In geochronology, the quaternary period (from 2.6 million years ago to the present) is called the epoch that gave rise to man (anthropogen). In the Holocene epoch (the last 12-thousand-year period), human economic activity is visible. At the same time, the planet’s ecosystems were in balance. Discussions are underway about the geologically transitional Anthropocene – the epoch of hu­man activity as a global factor in the evolution of the Earth’s ecosystems. During the last 200–250 years, the co-evolution of man, society and nature has been on the path of the formation of techno-natural systems. Since the 1950s and 1960s the era of “Great Acceleration” begins. Consumer society, unrestrained mining, the course of technologization, the loss of the meaning of life led to chaos on a planetary scale. Many natural scientists pointed out the anthropogenic factors of the new geological epoch. The parameters (and language of descrip­tion) of the Anthropocene that are put forward in the discussions are limited by the methodologies of specific disciplines. The philosophical-integrative approach to the problem is relevant. It is worth paying attention to non-Western philosoph­ical teachings about large cycles of planetary development. In part, they resem­ble the scientific models. The acceleration of planetary development and the new large-scale cycle are discussed in the Roerichs philosophy. Purification by the global crisis should lead to the disclosure of the spiritual potential of a person, the construction of a world community. In one scenario, the coming era of sus­tainable development is called “sapiozoi” – “intelligent life” (D. Grinspoon). Its essence is associated with the management of planetary processes. Geosocio­engineering projects in the cognitive aspect involve fundamental transformations of human consciousness as an active worker, the formation of planetary forms of collective cooperation. The strategic task of managing the Earth’s ecosystems re­quires the formation of cosmo-geo-bio-socio-human-dimensional thinking, noo­spheric ethics and noospheric culture. The problem of the mind and the inner na­ture of man becomes the key to overcoming the global crisis.

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Niloufar Nouri ◽  
Naresh Devineni ◽  
Valerie Were ◽  
Reza Khanbilvardi

AbstractThe annual frequency of tornadoes during 1950–2018 across the major tornado-impacted states were examined and modeled using anthropogenic and large-scale climate covariates in a hierarchical Bayesian inference framework. Anthropogenic factors include increases in population density and better detection systems since the mid-1990s. Large-scale climate variables include El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), Arctic Oscillation (AO), and Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation (AMO). The model provides a robust way of estimating the response coefficients by considering pooling of information across groups of states that belong to Tornado Alley, Dixie Alley, and Other States, thereby reducing their uncertainty. The influence of the anthropogenic factors and the large-scale climate variables are modeled in a nested framework to unravel secular trend from cyclical variability. Population density explains the long-term trend in Dixie Alley. The step-increase induced due to the installation of the Doppler Radar systems explains the long-term trend in Tornado Alley. NAO and the interplay between NAO and ENSO explained the interannual to multi-decadal variability in Tornado Alley. PDO and AMO are also contributing to this multi-time scale variability. SOI and AO explain the cyclical variability in Dixie Alley. This improved understanding of the variability and trends in tornadoes should be of immense value to public planners, businesses, and insurance-based risk management agencies.


Author(s):  
Diana Liverman ◽  
Brent Yarnal

The human–environment condition has emerged as one of the central issues of the new millennium, especially as it has become apparent that human activity is transforming nature at a global scale in both systemic and cumulative ways. Originating with concerns about potential climate warming, the global environmental change agenda rapidly enlarged to include changes in structure and function of the earth’s natural systems, notably those systems critical for life, and the policy implications of these changes, especially focused on the coupled human–environment system. Recognition of the unprecedented pace, magnitude, and spatial scale of global change, and of the pivotal role of humankind in creating and responding to it, has led to the emergence of a worldwide, interdisciplinary effort to understand the human dimensions of global change. The term “global change” now encompasses a range of research issues including those relating to economic, political, and cultural globalization, but in this chapter we limit our focus to global environmental change and to the field that has become formally known as the human dimensions of global (or global environmental) change. We also focus mainly on the work of geographers rather than attempting to review the whole human dimensions research community. Intellectually, geography is well positioned to contribute to global environmental change research (Liverman 1999). The large-scale human transformation of the planet through activities such as agriculture, deforestation, water diversion, fossil fuel use, and urbanization, and the impacts of these on living conditions through changes in, for example, climate and biodiversity, has highlighted the importance of scholarship that analyzes the human–environmental relationship and can inform policy. Geography is one of the few disciplines that has historically claimed human–environment relationships as a definitional component of itself (Glacken 1967; Marsh 1864) and has fostered a belief in and reward system for engaging integrative approaches to problem solving (Golledge 2002; Turner 2002). Moreover, global environmental change is intimately spatial and draws upon geography-led remote sensing and geographic information science (Liverman et al. 1998). Geographers anticipated the emergence of current global change concerns (Thomas et al. 1956; Burton et al. 1978) and were seminal in the development of the multidisciplinary programs of study into the human dimensions of global change.


Geosciences ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorrik Stow ◽  
Zeinab Smillie

The distinction between turbidites, contourites and hemipelagites in modern and ancient deep-water systems has long been a matter of controversy. This is partly because the processes themselves show a degree of overlap as part of a continuum, so that the deposit characteristics also overlap. In addition, the three facies types commonly occur within interbedded sequences of continental margin deposits. The nature of these end-member processes and their physical parameters are becoming much better known and are summarised here briefly. Good progress has also been made over the past decade in recognising differences between end-member facies in terms of their sedimentary structures, facies sequences, ichnofacies, sediment textures, composition and microfabric. These characteristics are summarised here in terms of standard facies models and the variations from these models that are typically encountered in natural systems. Nevertheless, it must be acknowledged that clear distinction is not always possible on the basis of sedimentary characteristics alone, and that uncertainties should be highlighted in any interpretation. A three-scale approach to distinction for all deep-water facies types should be attempted wherever possible, including large-scale (oceanographic and tectonic setting), regional-scale (architecture and association) and small-scale (sediment facies) observations.


Author(s):  
Graciela Laura Kaminsky

This article examines the new trends in research on capital flows fueled by the 2007–2009 Global Crisis. Previous studies on capital flows focused on current account imbalances and net capital flows. The Global Crisis changed that. The onset of this crisis was preceded by a dramatic increase in gross financial flows while net capital flows remained mostly subdued. The attention in academia zoomed in on gross inflows and outflows with special attention to cross-border banking flows before the crisis erupted and the shift towards corporate bond issuance in its aftermath. The boom and bust in capital flows around the Global Crisis also stimulated a new area of research: capturing the “global factor.” This research adopts two different approaches. The traditional literature on the push–pull factors, which before the crisis was mostly focused on monetary policy in the financial center as the “push factor,” started to explore what other factors contribute to the co-movement of capital flows as well as to amplify the role of monetary policy in the financial center on capital flows. This new research focuses on global banks’ leverage, risk appetite, and global uncertainty. Since the “global factor” is not known, a second branch of the literature has captured this factor indirectly using dynamic common factors extracted from actual capital flows or movements in asset prices.


Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumaraswamy Ponnambalam ◽  
S. Jamshid Mousavi

This paper presents basic definitions and challenges/opportunities from different perspectives to study and control water cycle impacts on society and vice versa. The wider and increased interactions and their consequences such as global warming and climate change, and the role of complex institutional- and governance-related socioeconomic-environmental issues bring forth new challenges. Hydrology and integrated water resources management (IWRM from the viewpoint of an engineering planner) do not exclude in their scopes the study of the impact of changes in global hydrology from societal actions and their feedback effects on the local/global hydrology. However, it is useful to have unique emphasis through specialized fields such as hydrosociology (including the society in planning water projects, from the viewpoint of the humanities) and sociohydrology (recognizing the large-scale impacts society has on hydrology, from the viewpoint of science). Global hydrological models have been developed for large-scale hydrology with few parameters to calibrate at local scale, and integrated assessment models have been developed for multiple sectors including water. It is important not to do these studies with a silo mindset, as problems in water and society require highly interdisciplinary skills, but flexibility and acceptance of diverse views will progress these studies and their usefulness to society. To deal with complexities in water and society, systems modeling is likely the only practical approach and is the viewpoint of researchers using coupled human–natural systems (CHNS) models. The focus and the novelty in this paper is to clarify some of these challenges faced in CHNS modeling, such as spatiotemporal scale variations, scaling issues, institutional issues, and suggestions for appropriate mathematical tools for dealing with these issues.


2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Heintz-Buschart ◽  
Patrick May ◽  
Cédric C. Laczny ◽  
Laura A. Lebrun ◽  
Camille Bellora ◽  
...  

Abstract The gastrointestinal microbiome is a complex ecosystem with functions that shape human health. Studying the relationship between taxonomic alterations and functional repercussions linked to disease remains challenging. Here, we present an integrative approach to resolve the taxonomic and functional attributes of gastrointestinal microbiota at the metagenomic, metatranscriptomic and metaproteomic levels. We apply our methods to samples from four families with multiple cases of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Analysis of intra- and inter-individual variation demonstrates that family membership has a pronounced effect on the structural and functional composition of the gastrointestinal microbiome. In the context of T1DM, consistent taxonomic differences were absent across families, but certain human exocrine pancreatic proteins were found at lower levels. The associated microbial functional signatures were linked to metabolic traits in distinct taxa. The methodologies and results provide a foundation for future large-scale integrated multi-omic analyses of the gastrointestinal microbiome in the context of host–microbe interactions in human health and disease.


1977 ◽  
Vol 1977 (1) ◽  
pp. 511-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolf H. Bieri ◽  
Vassilios C. Stamoudis ◽  
M. Kent Cueman

ABSTRACT The fate of fresh and artificially weathered South Louisiana crude oil was investigated in large-scale experimental oil spills. The oil, originally introduced to the surface of a creek bounded by walls of transite (but open at subtidal level to allow communication with surrounding waters), was distributed by tidal action over a marsh of Spartina alterniflora. Samples of surface film, water, organic detritus, sediment, fish (Fundulus heteroclitus), oyster (Crassostrea Virginica), and clam (Mercenaria mercenaria) were collected over long periods and subjected to detailed chemical analysis by gas chromatography and computerized low resolution GC-MS techniques. Results are presented for water and Fundulus. Maximum concentrations of individual aromatic compounds found in fish were similar for both oils. This maximum occurred six hours after the spill for weathered crude, and 76 hours after the spill for fresh crude for all aromatic compounds except naphthalene and the methylnaphthalenes. Uptake appeared to be non-specific. In all cases investigated, hydrocarbon concentrations in animal tissue reached a maximum and then decreased to levels below measurability (<10 ppb). In the interpretation of the data, a distinction is made between environmental residence times observed in natural systems and the biological residence times measured in laboratory experiments.


Oryx ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Kosior ◽  
Waldemar Celary ◽  
Paweł Olejniczak ◽  
Jan Fijał ◽  
Wieslaw Król ◽  
...  

The bumble and cuckooo bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Bombini; Bombus spp. and Psithyrus spp., respectively) are important plant pollinators and any decline in numbers or species constitutes a significant threat both to biological diversity and to whole economies. The distribution, status and factors threatening all 60 known taxa (species and subspecies) of Bombini of 11 countries of Western and Central Europe (Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Poland) were assessed from the beginning of the 20th century. The analysis was based on a literature review, unpublished data, personal communications, our own observations, and an expert review. The IUCN Red List categories were used for assessing the threat of extinction. Eighty per cent of taxa were threatened in at least one country of the region, and 30% of taxa were threatened throughout their range in the countries considered. More species went extinct per country in the second than in the first half of the 20th century, and four taxa went extinct in all 11 countries during 1951–2000. Amongst the factors adversely affecting the Bombini anthropogenic factors (particularly those associated with large-scale farming schemes) appear to be of greater importance than natural factors. To halt population declines and species extinctions it will be necessary to preserve aspects of traditional farming practices and for all Bombini to be afforded legal protection in all countries of the region. The implementation of the European Union's Common Agricultural Policy is likely to have the greatest single impact upon pollinators in the near future.


2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANA BENÍTEZ-LÓPEZ ◽  
JAVIER VIÑUELA ◽  
ISRAEL HERVÁS ◽  
FRANCISCO SUÁREZ ◽  
JESÚS T. GARCÍA

SUMMARYKnowledge of the factors determining species distributions is essential for developing conservation strategies. Sandgrouse Pterocles alchata and P. orientalis are threatened in Spain, the stronghold of European populations. Spatial modelling was used to: (1) assess the relative importance of abiotic, anthropogenic and geographical factors in the distribution of both sandgrouse species, (2) determine the most important anthropogenic predictors for each species occurrence, and (3) identify areas where conservation efforts should be prioritized. Abiotic and anthropogenic factors explained most of the variation in sandgrouse distributions. Both species were associated with arid flatlands, arable land cover being the most important anthropogenic variable determining their distribution. The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) is the main driver of agricultural management in Europe, and may thus have a direct effect on sandgrouse distributions. P. orientalis exhibited broader habitat tolerance than P. alchata; the latter species tolerates warmer climates. Consequently, the network of core and marginally suitable areas identified for each species differs, and connectivity between the populations of these areas seems unlikely. Potential future changes in sandgrouse distribution will probably be directed principally by the synergistic effects of climate change and expected land-use transformations resulting from the new CAP and ongoing population growth, urbanization and infrastructure development.


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