Alexander von Humboldt and Science Policy

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
Alexander Yu. Antonovskiy ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Common Knowledge ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Alexander Von Humboldt ◽  
Science And Politics ◽  
Science Management ◽  
Internal Integration ◽  
Modern Geography ◽  
First World

In conditions of deep social differentiation, science, apparently, is not capable of internal integration. As a result, it cannot fully participate in political life as an independent and equal subject. Turning to the figure of Alexander von Hum­boldt, the author reconstructs a certain “workaround” of the possible influence of scientists on politics and science management. The importance of the Humboldt brothers for world science in general and Russia, in particular, can hardly be overestimated. Alexander von Humboldt was a specialist in the widest range of disciplines: astronomy, geology, mineralogy, chemistry, biology, and many oth­ers. He stood at the origins of modern geography. Today he is called the herald of globalized science. At the same time, during his journey, the first world global network of scientific research was finally completed, the famous network of geo­logical stations, which made it possible to simultaneously record natural and cli­matic changes in Europe, Russia, and the United States. Today, in an age of fatal environmental change, this endeavor’s relevance has finally become common knowledge. The article proposes the idea of the possibility of a mutually benefi­cial “rational exchange” between science and politics, which is interpreted by the author in the systemic-communicative concept of “structural conjugation”.

scholarly journals We Still Need You! An Update on the Status of K-12 Civics Education in the United States

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (04) ◽  
pp. 630-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne Journell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
High School ◽  
Political Science ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Civics Education ◽  
Science Engagement ◽  
The Status ◽  
Science And Politics ◽  
K 12

ABSTRACTIn 2001, Richard Niemi and Julia Smith published an article inPS: Political Science and Politicson enrollments in high school civics and government courses. They framed their study on the premise that political scientists were ignoring an important aspect of American civic and political life, and they concluded by issuing a call for political scientists to become more involved in K-12 civics education. This article provides an update on the state of K-12 civics education and renews Niemi and Smith’s call for political science engagement in K-12 education.

scholarly journals Review: The Navy’s First Enlisted Women: Patriotic Pioneers

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Kristine Stilwell
Keyword(s):  
Common Knowledge ◽  
The United States ◽  
World War ◽  
Military Conflict ◽  
The First World War ◽  
War Effort ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Great War ◽  
First World ◽  
Enlisted Women

That women served in every military conflict in the history of the United States is common knowledge—but that women performed duties other than nursing during the First World War may come as a surprise to some. Regina Akers, a historian with the Naval History and Heritage Command, describes the service of the more than eleven thousand women that enlisted in the Naval Costal Defense Reserve during the Great War in The Navy’s First Enlisted Women: Patriotic Pioneers. She also details the meaning of their contributions to the war effort both at home and overseas. By working as clerks, typists, stenographers, translators, cryptologists, messengers, and even designers of camouflage for ships, these women volunteers freed up men for sea duty and combat.

The critical theory of democracy in Western political thought

2020 ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Ruqaya Saeed Khalkhal
Keyword(s):  
Political Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
Democratic Process ◽  
The Social ◽  
Science And Politics ◽  
Political Realities ◽  
The Church ◽  
Theory Of Democracy ◽  
Or Applications ◽  
The Ideal

The darkness that Europe lived in the shadow of the Church obscured the light that was radiating in other parts, and even put forward the idea of democracy by birth, especially that it emerged from the tent of Greek civilization did not mature in later centuries, especially after the clergy and ideological orientation for Protestants and Catholics at the crossroads Political life, but when the Renaissance emerged and the intellectual movement began to interact both at the level of science and politics, the Europeans in democracy found refuge to get rid of the tyranny of the church, and the fruits of the application of democracy began to appear on the surface of most Western societies, which were at the forefront to be doubtful forms of governece.        Democracy, both in theory and in practice, did not always reflect Western political realities, and even since the Greek proposition, it has not lived up to the idealism that was expected to ensure continuity. Even if there is a perception of the success of the democratic process in Western societies, but it was repulsed unable to apply in Islamic societies, because of the social contradiction added to the nature of the ruling regimes, and it is neither scientific nor realistic to convey perceptions or applications that do not conflict only with our civilized reality The political realization created by certain historical circumstances, and then disguises the different reality that produced them for the purpose of resonance in the ideal application.

El Papel de Humbodt en el Origen y Desarrollo de la Geografia Moderna

GEOgraphia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Héctor F. Rucinque e Wellington Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Founding Father ◽  
Analytical Methodology ◽  
Alexander Von Humboldt ◽  
Scientific Exploration ◽  
History Of Geography ◽  
Tropical America ◽  
History Of ◽  
Scholarly Production ◽  
Modern Geography

RESUMO Por lo general, los historiadores de la ciencia reconocen la importaocia de Alexander von Humboldt en el desarrollo de la geografía moderna, si bien tal contribución especializada no es claramente desglosada de su multifacética producción científica. Con ocasión del bicentenario de su viaje a la América tropical, el papel de Humboldt en la formulación de las bases de una metodología analítica para la investigación geográfica, y su monumental trabajo sustantivo, lo mismo que su penetrante permanencia e inspiración en la tradición geográfica, deben acreditarse como justificación amplia y suficiente para su título de padre fundador de la geografía científica. Epígrafes: Humboldt, historia de la geografía, geografía moderna, metodología geográfica, exploración científica.ABSTRACT Alexander von Humboldt’s contributions to the development of modern geography are generally ackoowledged by historians of science, though not always stated precisely out of his many-sided scholarly production. On the occasion of the Bicentennial of his voyage to tropical America, Humboldt’s role in setting forth the foundation of an analytical methodology for geography as well as for his monumental substantive work, along with his pervasive and inspiring perrnanence in the geographical tradition, must be recognized as ample justification tu his title as founding father of scientific geography. Key words: Humboldt, history of geography, modern geography, geagraphical methodology, scientific exploration.

Specters of Belonging

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrián Félix
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
Mexican Migrants ◽  
Mexican State ◽  
Mexico Border ◽  
Mexican Migrant ◽  
Transnational Citizenship

In the context of research on the “thickening” of borders, Specters of Belonging raises the related question: How does transnational citizenship thicken across the political life cycle of Mexican migrants? In addressing this question, this book resembles what any good migration corrido (ballad) does—narrate the thickening of transnational citizenship from beginning, middle, to end. Specifically, Specters of Belonging traces Mexican migrant transnationalism across the migrant political life cycle, beginning with the “political baptism” (i.e., naturalization in the United States) and ending with repatriation to México after death. In doing so, the book illustrates how Mexican migrants enunciate, enact, and embody transnational citizenship in constant dialectical contestation with the state and institutions of citizenship on both sides of the U.S.-México border. Drawing on political ethnographies of citizenship classrooms, the first chapter examines how Mexican migrants enunciate transnational citizenship as they navigate the naturalization process in the United States and grapple with the contradictions of U.S. citizenship and its script of singular political loyalty. The middle chapter deploys transnational ethnography to analyze how Mexican migrants enact transnational citizenship within the clientelistic orbit of the Mexican state, focusing on a group of returned migrant politicians and transnational activists. Last, the final chapter turns to how Mexican migrants embody transnational citizenship by tracing the cross-border practice of repatriating the bodies of deceased Mexican migrants from the United States to their communities of origin in rural México.

Product Innovation and Price Measurement

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Stoneman ◽  
Eleonora Bartoloni ◽  
Maurizio Baussola
Keyword(s):  
Product Innovation ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
The United States ◽  
Electronic Products ◽  
Quality Adjustment ◽  
Price Indexes ◽  
Price Measurement ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Methodological Guidelines

This chapter addresses how innovation may affect price measurement—a key issue for the accuracy of measures of principal economic indicators and a long-discussed one. Two main changes related to product innovation are important in this context: new goods (which are often cheaper) are driving old goods out of the market; and new products often offer improved quality. The literature suggests that a failure to properly account for these has added 0.8 percentage points per year to the measured Consumer Price Index in the United States. Quality adjustment approaches in all OECD countries have converged towards general methodological guidelines that represent a common knowledge base. The hedonic methodology is applied in a significant number of countries and for specific categories of goods, in particular electronic products. The use of this approach is exemplified and the impact on price indexes evaluated.

The Empire of Disgust

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Change Point ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Swimming Pools ◽  
Economic Class ◽  
Group Resistance

All known societies exclude and stigmatize one or more minority groups. Frequently these exclusions are underwritten with a rhetoric of disgust: people of a certain group, it is alleged, are filthy, hyper-animal, or not fit to share such facilities as drinking water, food, and public swimming pools with the ‘clean’ and ‘fully human’ majority. But exclusions vary in their scope and also in the specific disgust-ideologies underlying them. In this volume, interdisciplinary scholars from the United States and India present a detailed comparative study of the varieties of prejudice and stigma that pervade contemporary social and political life: prejudice along the axes of caste, race, gender, age, sexual orientation, transgender, disability, religion, and economic class. In examining these forms of stigma and their intersections, the authors present theoretically pluralistic and empirically sensitive accounts that both explain group-based stigma and suggest ways forward. These forward-looking remedies, including group resistance to subordination as well as institutional and legal change, point the way towards a public culture that is informed by our diverse histories of discrimination and therefore equipped to eliminate stigma in all of its multifaceted forms.

Stowaways at Bohemia's Shores: Undocumented Emigration and People-Smuggling Networks in Interwar East Central Europe

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 564-583
Author(s):  
Allison Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
The United States ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
East Central Europe ◽  
East Central ◽  
The People ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Migrant Smuggling ◽  
First World

AbstractThis article investigates interwar people-smuggling networks, based in Germany and Czechoslovakia, that transported undocumented emigrants across borders from east-central Europe to northern Europe, where the travelers planned to sail to the United States. Many of the people involved in such networks in the Saxon-Bohemian borderlands had themselves been immigrants from Galicia. They had left a homeland decimated by the First World War and subsequent violence and entered societies with limited avenues to earn a living. The “othering” of these Galician immigrants became a self-fulfilling prophecy, as those on the margins of society then sought illegal ways to supplement their income. This article concludes that the poor economic conditions and threat of ongoing violence that spurred migrant clients to seek undocumented passage had driven their smugglers, who also faced social marginalization, to emigration and the business of migrant smuggling.

Origins and consequences of economic globalization: moving beyond a flawed orthodoxy

2021 ◽  
pp. 135406612098342
Author(s):  
Syed Javed Maswood
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Globalization ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Network ◽  
New Production ◽  
Supply Chain Networks ◽  
Geographically Dispersed ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Liberal Trade

Contemporary economic globalization is typically seen as a product of both trade and economic liberalization after the Second World War and of technological advances that have made it possible to overcome coordination and management of geographically dispersed production units. Trade liberalization and technological advances were certainly important variables, but I argue that it was neo-protectionist American policies of the early 1980s that provided the initial catalyst for globally networked production processes. American protectionism encouraged Japanese investment in the United States that allowed US car manufacturers to learn the essentials of network manufacturing as practiced by Japanese transplants in the United States. In the next stage of global network manufacturing, liberal trade played a much more pivotal role because the global supply chains could not obviously be maintained without liberal trade. In this paper, I also discuss the likelihood of a reversal and suggest that globalization is unlikely to reversed in a significant way. Liberal trade is essential to the integrity of global supply chain networks, but these new production processes have themselves created a firewall against future systemic protectionism.

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