Intuition versus Semantics: Problem of A priori

2021 ◽  
pp. 87-97
Author(s):  
Konstantin A. Pavlov-Pinus ◽  
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Logical Positivism ◽  
Original Version ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Right ◽  
Comprehensive Study

The article is an excursus to several significant episodes of history related to de­velopment of semantic and Kantian traditions of reasoning within the framework of logical positivism. It is focused on an increasing role of meaning in philoso­phy, and on a struggle of “meaning” with “intuition” for the right to be consid­ered as a key constituent of justifiable knowledge. The material is presented from Alberto Coffa’s book perspective named “Semantic tradition from Kant to Carnap” which was translated in Russian in 2019, and original version of which was published in 1991. This book is historically the first comprehensive study of the development of logical positivism. It is an indispensable source for all future research in this area.

scholarly journals Visualization approaches to support healthy aging: A systematic review

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uba Backonja ◽  
Nai-Ching Chi ◽  
Yong Choi ◽  
Amanda K Hall ◽  
Thai Le ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Aging In Place ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Health Technologies ◽  
Data Visualizations ◽  
Informatics Tools

Background: Health technologies have the potential to support the growing number of older adults who are aging in place. Many tools include visualizations (data visualizations, visualizations of physical representations). However, the role of visualizations in supporting aging in place remains largely unexplored.Objective: To synthesize and identify gaps in the literature evaluating visualizations (data visualizations and visualizations of physical representations), for informatics tools to support healthy aging.Methods: We conducted a search in CINAHL, Embase, Engineering Village, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Web of Science using a priori defined terms for publications in English describing community-based studies evaluating visualizations used by adults aged ≥65 years.Results: Six out of the identified 251 publications were eligible. Most studies were user studies and varied methodological quality. Three visualizations of virtual representations supported performing at-home exercises. Participants found visual representations either (a) helpful, motivational, and supported their understanding of their health behaviors or (b) not an improvement over alternatives. Three data visualizations supported understanding of one’s health. Participants were able to interpret data visualizations that used precise data and encodings that were more concrete better than those that did not provide precision or were abstract. Participants found data visualizations helpful in understanding their overall health and granular data.Conclusions: Studies we identified used visualizations to promote engagement in exercises or understandings of one’s health. Future research could overcome methodological limitations of studies we identified to develop visualizations that older adults could use with ease and accuracy to support their health behaviors and decision-making.

scholarly journals RESEARCH ON THE ROLE OF CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY AS THE WAY OF DEVELOPING THE ECONOMIC SECTOR IN LITHUANIA / STATYBOS SEKTORIAUS, KAIP LIETUVOS ŪKIO ŠAKOS, VAIDMUO IR PLĖTROS TYRIMAS

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 49-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kęstutis Peleckis ◽  
Valentina Peleckienė
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Economic Sector ◽  
Construction Process ◽  
Technical Quality ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Way

One of the most important stages in the construction process is selecting the right contractor considering the smallest price that may raise many doubts. The cheapest option may be uneconomi­cal in view of a failure of technical quality and assessment of building lifetime. The article reviews literature and worldwide used practice to establish the most important factors of contrac­tor’s competitiveness. The paper also determines the main factors of the competitiveness of roofing contractors and evaluates qual­ity as a competitive advantage of the companies having influence on other factors of competitiveness. In conclusion; important proposals for assessing the competitiveness of the contractor and recommendations for future research are provided. Santrauka Vienas svarbiausių statybos proceso etapų – parinkti tinkamą rangovą. Rangovo pasirinkimas pagal mažiausią kai­ną kelia daug abejonių. Pigiausias pasirinkimas gali būti neekonomiškas, atsižvelgiant į nepakankamą pagamintos produkcijos techninę kokybę ir įvertinant statybos objekto gyvavimo trukmę. Norint išsiaiškinti svarbiausius rangovo konkurencingumo veiksnius, buvo atlikta pasaulinės literatūros ir praktikos apžvalga. Straipsnyje nustatyti pagrindiniai įmonių, klojančių prilydo­mąsias stogų medžiagas, konkurencingumo veiksniai. Įvertinta kokybės, kaip įmonės konkurencinio pranašumo, įtaka kitiems jos konkurencingumo veiksniams. Pateikti siūlymai rangovo konkurencingumui vertinti, taip pat būsimų tyrimų pasiūlymai.

scholarly journals Re-branding the High Street: the place branding process and reflections from three UK towns

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 392-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikos Ntounis ◽  
Mihalis Kavaratzis
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Exchange ◽  
Place Branding ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Holistic Understanding ◽  
High Street ◽  
The Right ◽  
Research Stage

Purpose The main aim of this paper is to develop a holistic understanding of place branding and reflect on its practical value and implications, by drawing evidence from the rebranding process of three UK towns (Alsager, Altrincham and Holmfirth) that participated in the HSUK2020 project. Design/methodology/approach A comprehensive place branding process that includes the interrelated stages of research, deliberation, consultation, action and communication is presented. The practical value of this theoretical proposition is linked to the experiences of three UK towns that participated in the HSUK2020 project. Findings The importance of research, the challenges of participation and the role of communications in place branding processes were identified as primary issues in all towns. The results of the project demonstrate the significance of the initial research stage of the place branding process and show that the process as a whole is valuable in helping places deal effectively with identity issues. Research limitations/implications Participatory place branding processes can flourish when place stakeholders are engaged in the right context and are encouraged to work together. In addition, place brands are important cues and empower stakeholders’ participation in all stages of place brand processes. Practical implications Knowledge exchange projects that have the potential to engage a plethora of place stakeholders should be considered by practitioners for future place branding strategies. Originality/value The paper offers a refreshing practical grounding on participatory place branding concepts and theories. The value of knowledge exchange strategies for examining the field of place branding is also highlighted and can become a useful research approach for future research.

scholarly journals Air delay propagation patterns in Europe from 2015 to 2018: an information processing perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luisina Pastorino ◽  
Massimiliano Zanin
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Delay Propagation ◽  
Complementary Approach ◽  
Priori Information ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Cost

Abstract The characterisation of delay propagation is one of the major topics of research in air transport management, due to its negative effects on the cost-efficiency, safety and environmental impact of this transportation mode. While most research works have naturally framed it as a transportation process, the successful application of network theory in neuroscience suggests a complementary approach, based on describing delay propagation as a form of information processing. This allows reconstructing propagation patterns from the dynamics of the individual elements, i.e. from the evolution observed at individual airports, without the need of additional a priori information. We here apply this framework to the analysis of delay propagation in the European airspace between 2015 and 2018, describe the evolution of the observed structure, and identify the role of individual airports in it. We further use this analysis to illustrate the limitations and challenges associated to this approach, and to sketch a roadmap of future research in this evolving topic.

Part VI Refugee Rights and Realities, Ch.52 The Right to Liberty

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lester Eve
Keyword(s):  
Control Measure ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Border Control ◽  
Immigration Detention ◽  
Intractable Problem ◽  
The Right ◽  
Key Aspects

Often arbitrary, the use of immigration detention as a border control measure may impede not only the right to liberty, but also an individual’s right to seek asylum, arguably a principle of customary international law, and may expose them to the risk of refoulement. As such, alongside the catalogue of human rights issues to which the practice commonly gives rise, immigration detention can jeopardize some of international refugee law’s most fundamental principles. This chapter considers how and why immigration detention has become such an intractable problem, international standards notwithstanding. The chapter focuses on the right to liberty, first situating the use of immigration detention in global and historical context. It then provides an overview of key aspects of the international legal architecture. Recognizing that other socio-political dynamics shape State practice, the chapter then considers the role of criminalizing and securitizing discourses that are used to rationalize (and even normalize) immigration detention. It suggests that these discourses are crucial to contemporary understandings of, and justifications for, the use and extraterritorial procurement of immigration detention as a border control measure. It argues that paying attention to the history and context of immigration detention and how it is rationalized will reveal more about what law is and does and the mischiefs of which it is capable than doctrinal analysis can do alone. Finally, it suggests the Global Compact on Migration to be a useful lens through which future research might usefully tackle the problem of immigration detention.

The Role of Context and Its Explication for Fostering Knowledge Transparency in Modern Organizations

2011 ◽  
pp. 256-277
Author(s):  
Stefan Smolnik ◽  
Stefan Kremer ◽  
Lutz Kolbe
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Discovery ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Topic Maps ◽  
Process Oriented ◽  
The Right ◽  
A Company ◽  
Information Objects

In order for a company to be oriented consistently toward its customers and their processes, it needs to customize its intracorporate processes and systems. The solution seems to be customer process-oriented portals that integrate companies’ systems and provide transparent access to information objects stored in these systems. A key problem in this regard is finding relevant information objects in systems that not only are growing but also also are being disseminated. An additional challenge is making knowledge available at the right time and at the right place. A company’s competitive advantage is rooted in this knowledge advantage as well as in the capability to transform this superior knowledge into market-driven business processes. The research questions addressed in this chapter are how the value of information objects is affected by the context in which it is considered and how associated contexts can be uncovered for given situations. We introduce a continuum of context explication comprised of the relationships among data, information objects, knowledge, and their contexts according to their degree and ease of context explication. The extremes of the continuum, therefore, would be data with no context to explicate and knowledge with rich, person-specific context. We conclude that discovering implicit meanings and expressing those meanings explicitly increase information objects’ potential values. In addition, we evaluate the full-text search, attribute-based search, and topic maps as approaches for knowledge discovery through customer process-oriented portals as well as providing patterns that indicate when to apply which approach. Two small case studies are presented of knowledge discovery through such portals. We conclude with suggestions for future research, based on our final deductions with respect to the study.

Relationship between Hypnotic Susceptibility and Thermal Regulation: New Directions for Research

1983 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 627-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph L. Piedmont
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Middle Finger ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Thermal Regulation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Hypnotic Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Score ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship

This study examined the relationship between hypnotic susceptibility and thermal regulation using biofeedback. 30 subjects were given the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale, Form C Immediately after the susceptibility score was determined, all subjects were given instructions to lower the peripheral skin temperature on the right middle finger. Subjects remained under hypnosis while they performed this task. A significant negative correlation (—.38) was found, in that the higher subjects' susceptibility, the better they were able to maintain a lower dermal temperature over trials. A 2 × 6 analysis of variance for low and high susceptibility with repeated measures yielded a significant main effect for subjects and a significant interaction of group × trials; highly susceptible subjects maintained a lower mean temperature over trials than subjects of low susceptibility. Issues for future research concerning the role of susceptibility in research on hypnosis are outlined.

scholarly journals Libertarianism, Left and Right

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Mazor ◽  
Peter Vallentyne
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Moral Status ◽  
Global Justice ◽  
The Self ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Market Failures ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right

This chapter explores the libertarian account of distributive justice. It explains the self-ownership thesis and then considers criticisms relating to indeterminacy, small incursions, and enforceable duties of assistance. It then turns to questions relating to natural resources, including whether they are initially owned, the conditions under which they may be appropriated, and the right vs left libertarian debate over whether or not they should ultimately be owned in an egalitarian manner. The chapter then lays out the libertarian account of just economic activity and considers criticisms based on the role of luck, the moral limits of markets, discrimination, paternalism, unjust prices, alternative notions of freedom, the plight of the desperately poor, and market failures. The chapter then concludes by raising important topics for future research, including the moral status of minors, future people, global justice, property rights in non-divisible natural resources, and rectificatory justice.

scholarly journals Towards “Operating Within” the Field: Doctoral Students’ Views of Supervisors’ Discipline Expertise

10.28945/3641 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 001-016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Gube ◽  
Seyum Getenet ◽  
Adnan Satariyan ◽  
Yaar Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Doctoral Students ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Student Perspective ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Professional Career ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Level

Aim/Purpose: This paper considers the role of supervisors’ discipline expertise in doctoral learning from a student perspective. Background: Doctoral students need to develop expertise in a particular field of study. In this context, developing expertise requires doctoral students to master disciplinary knowledge, conventions and scholarship under the guidance of supervisors. Methodology : The study draws on a mixed-method approach, using an online survey and semi-structured interviews conducted with doctoral students. Contribution: The paper brings to the fore the role of supervisors’ discipline expertise on doctoral students’ research progress. Findings: The survey data suggest that doctoral students nominate their supervisors on the basis of their discipline expertise. They also view supervisors’ expertise as key to the development of ‘insider’ knowledge of their doctoral research. Recommendations for Practitioners: Supervisors play a pivotal role in helping doctoral students overcome intellectual barriers by imparting their discipline knowledge as well as balancing satisfactory doctoral completion rate and high quality student experience. Impact on Society : Doctoral supervision equips doctoral students with the right arsenal to be able to competently operate within their field and prepares them for their future research or professional career that demands a high level of discipline expertise. Future Research: The scope of the findings leaves open a discussion about the experiences of doctoral students matched with non-discipline expert supervisory teams; for example, the extent of the mismatch and its ramifications.

The MMPI-A and Rorschach

Assessment ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radhika Krishnamurthy ◽  
Robert P. Archer ◽  
Joseph J. House
Keyword(s):  
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Personality Inventory ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Assessment Practice ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Rorschach Variables

The present study investigated the interrelationships among selected Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory for Adolescents (MMPI-A) and Rorschach variables in a clinical sample of 152 adolescents, taking into account the potential moderating role of Rorschach response frequency ( R). A series of hypotheses were presented based on a priori selection of 28 MMPI-A scales and 43 Rorschach variables corresponding to 13 specific construct areas. The results consistently indicated very limited associations between conceptually related MMPI-A and Rorschach variables for the total sample and for high R and low R subgroups. The results did not support the contention, proposed by Meyer, that R exerts a moderating influence on Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and Rorschach relationships. Further analyses indicated that the interrelationships between the two measures continued to be minimal when response styles were concordant across the two methods of assessment and when participants were categorized by diagnosis. Suggestions for clinical assessment practice and future research are provided.

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