scholarly journals On the increasing incidence of SARS-CoV- 2 in older adolescents and younger adults during the epidemic in Mexico

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (3 May-Jun) ◽  
pp. 422-428
Author(s):  
Dalia Stern ◽  
Martin Lajous ◽  
Blanca De la Rosa ◽  
Edward Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Symptom Onset ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Relative Incidence ◽  
Older Adolescents ◽  
Pandemic Response

Objective. To estimate temporary changes in the inciden­ce of SARS-CoV-2-confirmed hospitalizations (by date of symptom onset) by age group during and after the national lockdown. Materials and methods. For each age group g, we computed the proportion E(g) of individuals in that age group among all cases aged 10-59y during the early lock­down period (April 20-May 3, 2020), and the corresponding proportion L(g) during the late lockdown (May 18-31, 2020) and post-lockdown (June 15-28, 2020) periods and computed the prevalence ratio: PR(g)=L(g)/E(g). Results. For the late lockdown and post-lockdown periods, the highest PR values were found in age groups 15-19y (late: PR=1.69, 95%CI 1.05,2.72; post-lockdown: PR=2.05, 1.30,3.24) and 20-24y (late: PR=1.43, 1.10,1.86; post-lockdown: PR=1.49, 1.15,1.93). These estimates were higher in individuals 15-24y compared to those ≥30y. Conclusions. Adolescents and younger adults had an increased relative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 during late lockdown and post-lockdown periods. The role of these age groups should be considered when implementing future pandemic response efforts.

scholarly journals Lockdown measures and relative changes in the age-specific incidence of SARS-CoV-2 in Spain

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.M. De Salazar ◽  
D. Gómez-Barroso ◽  
D. Pampaka ◽  
J.M. Gil ◽  
B. Peñalver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Epidemic Dynamics ◽  
Relative Incidence

Abstract During the first months of the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic in 2020, Spain implemented an initial lockdown period on 15 March followed by a strengthened lockdown period on 30 March when only essential workers continued to commute to work. However, little is known about the epidemic dynamics in different age groups during these periods. We used the daily number of coronavirus 2019 cases (by date of symptom onset) reported to the National Epidemiological Surveillance Network among individuals aged 15–19 years through 65–69 years. For each age group g, we computed the proportion PrE(g) of individuals in age group g among all reported cases aged 15–69 years during the pre-lockdown period (1−10 March 2020) and the corresponding proportion PrL(g) during two lockdown periods (initial: 25 March−3 April; strengthened: 8–17 April 2020). For each lockdown period, we computed the proportion ratios PR(g) = PrL(g)/PrE(g). For each pair of age groups g1, g2, PR(g1)>PR(g2) implies a relative increase in the incidence of detected SARS-CoV-2 infection in the age group g1 compared with g2 for the lockdown period vs. the pre-lockdown period. For the initial lockdown period, the highest PR values were in age groups 50–54 years (PR = 1.21; 95% CI: 1.12,1.30) and 55–59 years (PR = 1.19; 1.11,1.27). For the second lockdown period, the highest PR values were in age groups 15–19 years (PR = 1.26; 0.95,1.68) and 50–54 years (PR = 1.20; 1.09,1.31). Our results suggest that different outbreak control measures led to different changes in the relative incidence by age group. During the initial lockdown period, when non-essential work was allowed, individuals aged 40–64 years, particularly those aged 50–59 years, had a higher relative incidence compared with the pre-lockdown period. Younger adults/older adolescents had an increased relative incidence during the later, strengthened lockdown. The role of different age groups during the epidemic should be considered when implementing future mitigation efforts.

scholarly journals On the increasing role of older adolescents and younger adults during the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Mexico, April 20 – May 24, 2020

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Stern ◽  
M Lajous ◽  
E Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Risk Awareness ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Older Adolescents

AbstractBackgroundThe SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Mexico is growing, and there is uncertainty regarding the role that different age groups play in propagating the epidemic.MethodsWe used data on hospitalizations with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection from the Mexican Ministry of Health in ten 5-year age groups: 10-14through 55-59 years. For each age group g, we computed the proportion E(g) of individuals in that age group among all hospitalized cases aged 10-59 years during the early period (between April 20 – May 3, 2020), the corresponding proportion L(g) during the later periods (May 11-24), as well as the relative risk RR(g)= L(g)/E(g). For each pair of age groups g1,g2, RR(g1)>RR(g2) is interpreted as a relative increase in SARS-CoV-2 infections in the age group g1 compared with g2 for the later vs. early period.ResultsThe highest RR estimates belong to persons aged 15-19 years (RR=1.93(95% CI (1.19,3.12)) and 20-24 years (RR=1.40(1.07,1.83)). The RR estimates in persons aged over 30 years were significantly lower compared to persons aged 15-24 years.ConclusionsOur results suggest a temporal increase in the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in older adolescents and younger adults compared to other age groups. Targeted interventions, particularly public health messaging at those age groups to increase knowledge and risk awareness may be considered.

scholarly journals On the role of different age groups during pertussis epidemics in California, 2010 and 2014

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayesha Mahmud ◽  
Marc Lipsitch ◽  
Edward Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Temporal Changes ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Strong Signal ◽  
Older Adolescents

AbstractBackgroundThere is limited information on the roles of different age groups in propagating pertussis outbreaks, and the temporal changes in those roles since the introduction of acellular pertussis vaccines.MethodsThe relative roles of different age groups in propagating the 2010 and the 2014 pertussis epidemics in California were evaluated using the RR statistic that measures the change in the group’s proportion among all detected cases before-vs.-after the epidemic peak.ResultsFor the 2010-11 epidemic, evidence for a predominant transmission age group was weak, with the largest RR estimates being 1.26(95%CI (1.08,1.46)) (aged 11-13y); 1.19(1.01,1.4) (aged 9-10y); 1.17(0.86,1.59) (aged 14-15y); 1.12(0.86,1.46) (aged 16-19y); and 1.1(0.89,1.36) (aged 7-8y). The 2014 epidemic showed a strong signal of the role of older adolescents, with the highest RR estimate being in those aged 14-15y (RR=1.83(1.61,2.07)), followed by adolescents aged 16-19y (RR=1.41(1.24,1.61)) and 11-13y (RR=1.26(1.12,1.41)), with lower RR estimates in other age groups.ConclusionsAs the time following introduction of acellular pertussis vaccines in California progressed, older adolescents played an increasing role in transmission during the major pertussis outbreaks. Booster pertussis vaccination for older adolescents with vaccines effective against pertussis transmission should be considered with the aim of mitigating future pertussis epidemics in the community.

scholarly journals On the role of different age groups during pertussis epidemics in California, 2010 and 2014

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Mahmud ◽  
M. Lipsitch ◽  
E. Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risk ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Temporal Changes ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Strong Signal ◽  
Older Adolescents

AbstractThere is limited information on the roles of different age groups in propagating pertussis outbreaks, and the temporal changes in those roles since the introduction of acellular pertussis vaccines. The relative roles of different age groups in propagating the 2010 and the 2014 pertussis epidemics in California were evaluated using the relative risk (RR) statistic that measures the change in the group's proportion among all detected cases beforevs. after the epidemic peak. For the 2010–11 epidemic, evidence for a predominant transmission age group was weak, with the largest RR estimates being 1.26 (95% CI 1.08–1.46) (aged 11–13 years); 1.19 (1.01–1.4) (aged 9–10 years); 1.17 (0.86–1.59) (aged 14–15 years); 1.12 (0.86–1.46) (aged 16–19 years) and 1.1 (0.89–1.36) (aged 7–8 years). The 2014 epidemic showed a strong signal of the role of older adolescents, with the highest RR estimate being in those aged 14–15 years (RR = 1.83, 1.61–2.07), followed by adolescents aged 16–19 years (RR = 1.41, 1.24–1.61) and 11–13 years (RR = 1.26, 1.12–1.41), with lower RR estimates in other age groups. As the time following introduction of acellular pertussis vaccines in California progressed, older adolescents played an increasing role in transmission during the major pertussis outbreaks. Booster pertussis vaccination for older adolescents with vaccines effective against pertussis transmission should be considered with the aim of mitigating future pertussis epidemics in the community.

scholarly journals Seasonality in extra-pulmonary tuberculosis notifications in Germany 2004-2014- a time series analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja Charles ◽  
Matthias Eckardt ◽  
Basel Karo ◽  
Walter Haas ◽  
Stefan Kröger
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Series Analysis ◽  
Disease Site ◽  
Extra Pulmonary

Abstract Background Seasonality in tuberculosis (TB) has been found in different parts of the world, showing a peak in spring/summer and a trough in autumn/winter. The evidence is less clear which factors drive seasonality. It was our aim to identify and evaluate seasonality in the notifications of TB in Germany, additionally investigating the possible variance of seasonality by disease site, sex and age group. Methods We conducted an integer-valued time series analysis using national surveillance data. We analysed the reported monthly numbers of started treatments between 2004 and 2014 for all notified TB cases and stratified by disease site, sex and age group. Results We detected seasonality in the extra-pulmonary TB cases (N = 11,219), with peaks in late spring/summer and troughs in fall/winter. For all TB notifications together (N = 51,090) and for pulmonary TB only (N = 39,714) we did not find a distinct seasonality. Additional stratified analyses did not reveal any clear differences between age groups, the sexes, or between active and passive case finding. Conclusion We found seasonality in extra-pulmonary TB only, indicating that seasonality of disease onset might be specific to the disease site. This could point towards differences in disease progression between the different clinical disease manifestations. Sex appears not to be an important driver of seasonality, whereas the role of age remains unclear as this could not be sufficiently investigated.

scholarly journals Empowerment among adult patients with type 2 diabetes: age differentials in relation to person-centred primary care, community resources, social support and other life-contextual circumstances

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Simonsen ◽  
Anne M. Koponen ◽  
Sakari Suominen
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Community Support ◽  
Community Resources ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Younger Adults

Abstract Background Rising prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D), also among younger adults, constitutes a growing public health challenge. According to the person-centred Chronic Care Model, proactive care and self-management support in combination with community resources enhance quality of healthcare and health outcomes for patients with T2D. However, research is scarce concerning the importance of person-centred care and community resources for such outcomes as empowerment, and the relative impact of various patient support sources for empowerment is not known. Moreover, little is known about the association of age with these variables in this patient-group. This study, carried out among patients with T2D, examined in three age-groups (27–54, 55–64 and 65–75 years) whether person-centred care and diabetes-related social support, including community support and possibilities to influence community health issues, are associated with patient empowerment, when considering possible confounding factors, such as other quality of care indicators and psychosocial wellbeing. We also explored age differentials in empowerment and in the proposed correlates of empowerment. Method Individuals from a register-based sample with T2D participated in a cross-sectional survey (participation 56%, n = 2866). Data were analysed by descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results Respondents in the youngest age-group were more likely to have low empowerment scores, less continuity of care, and lower wellbeing than the other age-groups, and to perceive less social support, but a higher level of person-centred care than the oldest group. Community support, including possibilities to influence community health issues, was independently and consistently associated with high empowerment in all three age-groups, as was person-centred care in the two older age-groups. Community support was the social support variable with the strongest association with empowerment across age-groups. Moreover, vitality was positively and diabetes-related distress negatively associated with high empowerment in all age-groups, whereas continuity of care, i.e. having a family/regular nurse, was independently associated in the youngest age-group only. Conclusion Person-centred care and community support, including possibilities to influence community health issues, supports empowerment among adults with T2D. Findings suggest that age is related to most correlates of empowerment, and that younger adults with T2D have specific healthcare needs.

scholarly journals The influence of sex on the olfactory function in healthy subjects

2002 ◽  
pp. 83-89
Author(s):  
Slobodan Savovic ◽  
Vladimir Pilija ◽  
Slobodanka Lemajic ◽  
Maja Buljcik ◽  
Dejan Nincic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Ethyl Alcohol ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Olfactory Function ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Phenyl Ethyl Alcohol

The sense of smell is the least examined of all senses. The significance of the organs of smell is in their influence on the mental state as well as on the vegetative, visceral and sexual functions. The objective of this experiment was to define the influence of sex on the olfactory function. It was performed on 120 subjects (60 females and 60 males) divided into three age groups (20 - 30; 31 - 40; 41 - 50 years of age). The experiment was carried out by the Fortunato-Niccolini olfactometric method using six odorous experimental substances: A - anethol, PH - phenyl-ethyl-alcohol, C citral, M - menthol, V- vanillin and P - pyridine, the thresholds of perception (TP) and identification (TI) being defined for each odorous substance. The examined females had slightly lower thresholds of perception (TP) and identification (TI) in relation to the males of the same age group. However, the differences were not statistically significant except for the group of subjects between 41 and 50 years of age where the females, being in the pre-menopause, had significantly better olfactory functions. The results can be explained by the weakening of the olfactory power as a result of ageing in both sexes, however, the females still experienced the protective role of sex hormones.

scholarly journals EXPLORING AGE, GENDER, AND RELATIONSHIP CLOSENESS DIFFERENCES IN RESPONSES TO IGNORED DISRESPECT

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S305-S305
Author(s):  
Jenessa C Steele ◽  
Amanda Chappell ◽  
Rachel Scott
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Relationship Closeness ◽  
Close Condition

Abstract Emotional responses to disrespect tend to be negative (Hawkins, 2015). Little is known about how responses to disrespect vary across age groups and relationship closeness. It is unknown whether older adults have more emotional protection against disrespectful experiences, or are more deeply affected due to relationship closeness. Overall, we might expect that older adults react less negatively to disrespect compared to young adults, as they are more-skilled emotion regulators (Carstensen, 1991; English & Carstensen, 2014). We aimed to explore if, and under which circumstances, older adults are more or less sensitive to disrespect compared to younger adults. Three hundred participants responded to six scenarios illustrating ignored disrespect. Participants were randomly assigned to close or distant relationship disrespect scenarios. Relationship closeness was first determined by requesting participants identify a person in each layer of Kahn and Antonucci’s (1980) Social Convoy Model. Identified names were then automatically inserted into the six scenarios. Emotional responses and sensitivity to each scenario were recorded. Participants in the close condition reported more sensitivity to disrespect and negative emotions than participants in the distant condition. Females reported more sensitivity to disrespect and negative emotions than males. We did not find overwhelming support for age differences in responses to disrespect. A single scenario indicated younger participants more sensitive to disrespect than older participants. Findings suggest it is more hurtful to be disrespected by someone close to you and females may be more sensitive to disrespect than males. More research investigating the role of age in disrespect is needed.

The Role of Chinese Traditional Medical Practise as a Form of Health Care in Singapore I: Preliminary Study

1980 ◽  
Vol 08 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 26-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Chan Ho ◽  
Kwok Chan Lun ◽  
W. K. Cheng Hin Ng
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Pediatric Age ◽  
Pediatric Age Group ◽  
Prevalent Disease ◽  
Singapore Chinese ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
Group Distribution

A retrospective study of 672 sampled records of patients of a major institutions providing Chinese traditional medicine in Singapore reveals that 97.3% of the patients were Chinese, with a dialect group distribution following closely that of the Singapore Chinese. The male-to-female patient ratio was 1.0:1.13. There were fewer patients of the pediatric age group and more of those from age 30 upwards. Some 43% of the patients sought treatment for ''infective'' and ''internal, emotional and weakness'' diseases. The prevalent disease conditions seen among patients from the different age groups are also analyzed and discussed in this paper.

scholarly journals YOUNG PEOPLE FEEL WISE, OLD PEOPLE FEEL ENERGETIC: COMPARING AGE STEREOTYPES AND SELF-EVALUATIONS ACROSS ADULTHOOD

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S787-S787
Author(s):  
Anna E Kornadt ◽  
Catherine E Bowen ◽  
Svenja M Spuling ◽  
Maja Wiest
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young People ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Questionnaire Data ◽  
Old People ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Age Stereotypes ◽  
The Stability

Abstract Using questionnaire data from the MIDUS study (N=6.325) we examined the extent to which people in their late 20s, 40s, and 60s think that positive stereotypic “old” and “young” characteristics describe themselves, their age peers, and other age groups. A constellation of “old” characteristics (e.g., wise, caring, calm) was seen as more descriptive of older adults, while a constellation of “young” characteristics (e.g., healthy, energetic) was seen as more descriptive of younger adults. Self-evaluations were highly positive and largely consistent across age groups. Compared to their age peers, younger adults saw themselves as having as many positive “young” characteristics but more positive “old” characteristics whereas older adults saw themselves as having more positive “young” characteristics but fewer positive “old” characteristics. The results support the stability of the aging self despite the existence of age stereotypes and the role of negative age stereotypes as a frame of reference for making self-evaluations.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document