A Review of the Literature as to the Present Possibilities and Limitations in Estimating the Time of Death

1976 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Van Den Oever
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Medicine ◽  
Large Error ◽  
Time Of Death ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Post Mortem Interval ◽  
Suitable Combination ◽  
Exact Moment ◽  
The Individual

Determining the exact moment of death in medicolegal cases is not possible since post-mortem changes of the human body are variable and often misjudged. The most reliable physical and biochemical methods of estimating the post-mortem interval are reviewed and the author tries to find out why, in spite of all the previous studies, which have often given good results, the individual methods are neither popular nor practical in routine forensic medicine cases. For greater accuracy in estimating the time of death further investigation should be carried out to find a suitable combination of some physical and biochemical tests complementary to the data produced by each method and preventing the rather large error range of each individual test.

scholarly journals PROFILE AND PATTERN OF POST-MORTEM CASES

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neeraj Singh ◽  
Bhavesh Bohra
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Medicine ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Time Of Death ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Post Mortem Interval ◽  
Medical College ◽  
East Region ◽  
Different Types

Background: In the present study analysis of changes in level of sodium in cadaveric synovial fluid is done, which is correlated with increasing post-mortem interval and this study have not been done in south east region of Rajasthan so far. Methods: This study was carried out in department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Jhalawar Medical College, Jhalawar. This study was done on 50 cases with known time of death who was brought in the mortuary of department of Forensic medicine and Toxicology for autopsy. The information regarding time of death were collected from hospital records. Ethical permission has been taken from college ethical committee. Results: Deaths due to road traffic accidents & its complications constituted majority of cases 44.00% followed by poisoning 40.00% Conclusion: This study helps to interpret different types of medico-legal autopsy cases, thereby providing an insight to the policy-makers, law custodians, and the community to look into the specific aspects of the cases and then to take proper measures to reduce mortality. Keywords: Death, Post mortem, Age

Homicide with post mortem dismemberment of the victim with previous amputation of right lower limb: Case report and review of the literature

2018 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 213-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Zerbo ◽  
A Lanzarone ◽  
P Procaccianti ◽  
E Ventura Spagnolo ◽  
A Argo
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Forensic Medicine ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Cranial Vault ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Blunt Force ◽  
Different Types

The dismemberment of a corpse is comparatively rare in forensic medicine and usually performed with different types of sharp tools. The victim is always the victim of a homicide. Dismemberment usually occurs where the killing took place without prior planning by the perpetrator. We report a case of homicide with post mortem mutilation of the victim’s body with previous amputation of right lower limb in which the perpetrator was not identified. At autopsy, several fractures were detected on the cranial vault, and the cause of death was due to skull and brain injuries from multiple blunt force traumas.

The Effect of the Post-Mortem Interval on the Level of Creatine in Vitreous Humour

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Piette
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Vitreous Humour ◽  
Time Of Death ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Legal Practice ◽  
Post Mortem Interval ◽  
Satisfactory Correlation

By means of 103 medico-legal autopsies it was established that a rise in the creatine level occurs in the vitreous humour after death. In view of the satisfactory correlation between the post-mortem interval and the creatine level in the vitreous humour (r = 0.84, p < 0.001) investigations were undertaken as to whether the creatine level in vitreous humour can serve in current medico-legal practice as an indication for the post-mortem interval, especially for the later period (more than three days). On balance this creatine determination is only useful when combined with all other medico-legal parameters that establish the time of death, remembering that the confidence-interval in the investigations was rather wide.

scholarly journals TINJAUAN MEDIKOLEGAL PERKIRAAN SAAT KEMATIAN

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eklesia A Senduk ◽  
Johannis F. Mallo ◽  
Djemi Ch. Tomuka
Keyword(s):  
Crime Scene ◽  
Medical Doctor ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Legal Issue ◽  
Time Of Death ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Post Mortem Interval ◽  
The One ◽  
Close Relatives

Abstract: Most human beings will experience cycles of life, including the processes of natural conception, birth, and death. From the various life cycles mentioned, death is the one that still contains a huge mystery. Death also affects the close relatives and others connected to the deceased. Death  is not only a medical and social issue, but also an important legal issue. In homicide cases, the estimated time of death can help reveal the identity of the murderer,  and as a clue to the whereabouts of the crime scene. A certification of death made by a medical doctor will help the deceased’s relatives to claim insurance, legally change his/her marriage status, and  other legal interests. It is every medical doctor’s concern to master the basics of estimating post mortem intervals. Keywords: post mortem interval, death    Abstrak: Semua makhluk hidup termasuk manusia akan mengalami siklus kehidupan, berawal dari proses pembuahan, kelahiran, kehidupan didunia, dan diakhiri dengan kematian. Dengan kata lain semua manusia sudah didiagnosis untuk mati. Kematian tidak hanya akan mempengaruhi almarhum/almarhumah saja, namun juga keluarga maupun orang-orang yang terhubung dengan almarhum/almarhumah.  Kematian bukan hanya masalah medis dan sosial, namun juga merupakan masalah hukum yang teramat penting. Perkiraan saat kematian akan membantu penyidik untuk membuka identitas pembunuh, dan memberi petunjuk mengenai dimana sebenarnya tempat kejadian perkara. Sertifikasi kematian oleh dokter juga akan membantu keluarga almarhum untuk memperoleh hak hukumnya, seperti asuransi, perubahan status perkawinan dan kepentingan hukum lainnya. Pemahaman dasar-dasar perkiraan saat kematian menjadi kepentingan setiap dokter dalam melaksanakan tugasnya. Kata kunci: mati, perkiraan saat kematian.

scholarly journals An Entomological Model for Estimating the Post-Mortem Interval

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-156
Author(s):  
Vania Mene Risriani ◽  
Tjandra Anggraeni ◽  
Nuning Nuraini
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Logistic Model ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Time Of Death ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Dead Body ◽  
Local Factors ◽  
Post Mortem Interval

Identification of post-mortem interval started from the time when the dead body was found. The main question is to identify the time of death. In reality, the task is complicated since many local factors are involved in the process of decomposition. In most cases, the decomposition process is done by certain local insects that consume the biomass completely. This study uses a mathematical model for the post-mortem interval involving diptera and rabbit corpses as the biomass, based on experimental data from references. We formulate a type of logistic model with decaying carrying capacity only with diptera. The post-mortem interval is shown as the end period of consumption when larvae have entirely consumed the biomass. It is shown from the simulation that the decomposition lasts for 235 hours. The diptera are shown to disappear completely, leaving the remaining corpse after 120 hours.

Simultaneous analysis of potassium and ammonium ions in the vitreous humour by capillary electrophoresis and their integrated use to infer the post mortem interval (PMI)

2020 ◽  
pp. 002580242093423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Covadonga Palacio ◽  
Rossella Gottardo ◽  
Vito Cirielli ◽  
Giacomo Musile ◽  
Yvane Agard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Capillary Electrophoresis ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
The Body ◽  
Simultaneous Analysis ◽  
Vitreous Humour ◽  
Ammonium Concentration ◽  
Time Of Death ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Ammonium Ions ◽  
Post Mortem Interval

Post-mortem changes of ions in the body fluids have been proposed as an objective tool for inferring the time of death. In particular, the post-mortem increase of potassium concentrations in the vitreous humour has gained great attention in the literature. On the other hand, ammonium, another ion released in post-mortem processes, has received much less attention, potentially due to unresolved analytical issues using current clinical chemistry methods. This paper presents an application of a new analytical approach based on capillary electrophoresis providing the simultaneous analysis of potassium and ammonium ions in the vitreous humour. In addition, to assess the consistency of the post-mortem increase of ammonium concentrations in the vitreous humour, the determination of this ion in the vitreous humour of the two eyes of the same body at the same post-mortem interval has been verified. Vitreous humour was collected from 33 medico-legal cases where the time of death was known exactly. Prior to analysis, all samples were diluted 1:20 with a 40 μg/mL solution of BaCl2 (internal standard). In the study of the variability of the ammonium concentration between the two eyes, no statistically significant differences were found, supporting the hypothesis of an even post-mortem increase of the ion concentrations in this particular biological fluid. Significant correlations of potassium and ammonium ions with the post-mortem interval were found, with r2 of 0.75 and 0.70, respectively.

Levels of Potassium in the Vitreous Humour after Death

1965 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 150-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilhelmina M. H. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Level ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Vitreous Humour ◽  
Time Of Death ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Post Mortem Interval

Levels of vitreous potassium were studied in 135 routine post-mortem cases. A rise in the potassium level was found but it could not be correlated with sufficient consistency with the post-mortem interval to make this an accurate method of estimating the time of death.

Ultrasound shear-wave elastography applicability in estimation of post-mortem time

Ultrasound ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1742271X2110358
Author(s):  
Mohsen Mosadegh ◽  
Mehdi Khazaei ◽  
Zohreh D Abdollahpour ◽  
Sam Alahyari ◽  
Yashar Moharamzad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Wave ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Shear Wave Elastography ◽  
Time Of Death ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Post Mortem Interval ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Introduction Post-mortem rigidity of the tissues is one of the basic principles in forensic medicine to estimate the time of death. Qualitative methods to determine the stiffness of the corpse may have some limitations. Methods that provide quantitative values may be useful. We intended to evaluate the applicability of ultrasound shear-wave elastography of the tissues to estimate the post-mortem interval (PMI). Methods For 80 corpses, shear-wave elastography of the liver, sartorius muscle, testis, thyroid and parotid was performed before autopsy. Based on the forensic reports as the reference method to define post-mortem interval, the corpses were divided into four groups: group 0 (PMI < 24 hours), group 1 (PMI ≥24 hours and <48 hours), group 2 (PMI ≥ 48 hours and <72 hours), and group 3 (PMI ≥ 72 hours). There were 24, 38, 13, and 5 corpses, respectively, in groups 0, 1, 2, and 3. Results A significant rise in the elasticity values in comparison to elasticity of normal tissues in live adults was seen very early in the post-mortem period. Between-group comparisons showed that a significant difference in the liver elasticity was present among the groups. The mean (SD) liver elasticity was 10.29 (±0.83) in group 0, 14.98 (±1.56) in group 1, 12.49 (±1.09) in group 2, and 15.64 (±1.68) kilopascals (kPa) in group 3 ( P = 0.035). Nevertheless, elasticity measurements in other tissues were not helpful in distinguishing post-mortem interval groups. Conclusion It is possible to use liver quantitative shear-wave elastography to estimate the time of death.

scholarly journals 3. Flies Larva On White Rat Carcass (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769) With Various Treatment Outdoor

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ichsan Luqmana Indra Putra ◽  
Sadda Salisa Yahya
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Time Of Death ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Post Mortem Interval ◽  
The Third ◽  
Fly Larvae ◽  
Insect Activity ◽  
Sarcophaga Argyrostoma

Insect activity including its life cycle can determine the estimated time of death or Post Mortem Interval (PMI). One type of insect that plays an important role in determining the estimated time of death is flies. This study aims to determine the types of flies that come to the carcass and to determine the types of flies that dominate and less dominate from each treatment onwhite rat (carcassesR. norvegicusmale) outdoors. This study consisted of 3 treatments with 3 repetitions each. The treatments included A (neck bone dislocation), B (burned), and C (poisoned). Carcass observations were carried out for 10 days and larvae collection was carried out every 2 days starting from the third day of observation. The parameters observed included the number and morphological characteristics of instar 3 fly larvae. The types of fly larvae found in all treatments were Lucilia illustris (5.42%), Sarcophaga sp (12.80%), Sarcophaga argyrostoma (30.62%), and Sarcophaga variegata (51.16%). The dominant fly larvae of the three treatments was S. variegata and the less dominant fly larvae was L. illustris.

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