scholarly journals Prevalence of Demodex spp. in students and employees of the Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin*

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Dołęgowska
Keyword(s):  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Influencing Factor ◽  
Study Participant ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Infestation Rate ◽  
Sebaceous Glands ◽  
Demodex Folliculorum ◽  
Demodex Brevis ◽  
Medical University ◽  
Demodex Infestation

Introduction: Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis are mites living in the hair follicles and sebaceous glands of humans, with infestation usually being asymptomatic. In the present study the prevalence and number of mites, together with influencing factors of Demodex infestation, were investigated in students and personnel of the Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin in Poland (PUM). The prevalence of 2 Demodex species, Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis, was compared in epilated eyelashes and skin scrapings derived from healthy volunteers.Materials and methods: The study was conducted on 217 healthy volunteers – females and males. The study group consisted of 114 students and 103 employees of PUM. From each study participant, 2–3 eyelashes from each lid were epilated. From 99 volunteers, skin scrapings and/or secretions from sebaceous glands were also obtained. Demodicosis was diagnosed when Demodex eggs, larvae or adult mites were identified under microscopic examination.Results: The infestation rate of Demodex (in epilated eyelashes and skin) among the 217 volunteers was 21%. Prevalence of hair follicle mites among personnel and students were 28% and 14% respectively. The mean number of mites among the 217 patients was 2.52 ±2.48 (3.16 ±2.9 in PUM personnel and 1.46 ±0.83 in students). The infestation rate increased with age (p = 0.0005). Demodex folliculorum infested 78% (p = 0.005) of the participants and 87.5% of epilated eyelashes (p = 0.000001). Demodex brevis was more frequent on the skin (67%; p = 0.00001). Hair follicle mites were detected more often in epilated eyelashes originating from the lower lid (p = 0.000001). Moreover, a weak correlation between the presence of selected symptoms (blepharedema, conjunctivitis, burning and itching of eyelids) and Demodex infestation was observed. There was no statistically significant association between Demodex infestation and an influencing factor: work using a microscope (p = 0.92).

scholarly journals Demodicosis in humans as a current problem in dermatology and ophthalmology

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-121
Author(s):  
Sara Królik ◽  
Agnieszka Muth ◽  
Adriana Polańska ◽  
Ryszard Żaba ◽  
Zygmunt Adamski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Inflammatory Dermatoses ◽  
Demodex Folliculorum ◽  
Medical Library ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Present Information ◽  
Demodex Brevis ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
Demodex Mites ◽  
Demodex Infestation

Introduction. Human Demodex mites (Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis) are ectoparasites living inside the sebaceous glands and hair follicles. In most people, their presence is of no consequence. However, several conditions or various external factors might contribute to pathological Demodex infestation resulting in demodicosis. Many different cutaneous diseases can resemble demodicosis leading to misdiagnosis.Aim. This paper aims to present information about demodicosis and provides a clear clinical portrait of demodicosis in order to distinguish it from other mimicking inflammatory dermatoses. Material and Methods. The literature search was conducted in the English and Polish language via the PubMed database and Main Medical Library. The articles regarding Demodex infestation were selected. Results. There is some evidence about the role of Demodex in the development of rosacea, blepharitis and clinical correlation between them.Conclusions. More attention should be drawn to Demodex as it plays a significant role in the development of various clinical entities in both dermatology and ophthalmology.

scholarly journals Hair Follicle Nevus with Sebaceous Hyperplasia: A Dermoscopic Observation

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 358-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazutoshi Harada ◽  
Yuichiro Kato ◽  
Yukihiko Kato ◽  
Ryoji Tsuboi
Keyword(s):  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Pathological Findings ◽  
Sebaceous Glands ◽  
The Face ◽  
Diagnostic Usefulness ◽  
Well Differentiated ◽  
Histopathological Investigation

We herein report a case of hair follicle nevus, a rare hamartoma found on the face and showing follicular differentiation, which was associated with sebaceous hyperplasia. Dermoscopy of the lesion showed yellow globules surrounded by crown vessels/telangiectasias and scattered tiny hairs. Histopathological investigation revealed hyperplasia of the sebaceous glands and proliferation of well-differentiated vellus hair follicles. These pathological findings were thought to correspond to the yellowish globules and tiny hairs observed under dermoscopy. Hair follicle nevus associated with sebaceous hyperplasia is extremely rare; however, dermoscopic examination can suggest an appropriate diagnosis. The present case proved the diagnostic usefulness of dermoscopy for cutaneous tumors with hair follicular and sebaceous glandular differentiation.

scholarly journals Tp63-expressing adult epithelial stem cells cross lineages boundaries revealing latent hairy skin competence

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphanie Claudinot ◽  
Jun-Ichi Sakabe ◽  
Hideo Oshima ◽  
Christèle Gonneau ◽  
Thimios Mitsiadis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Epithelial Stem Cells ◽  
Sebaceous Glands ◽  
Embryonic Origin ◽  
Lineage Markers

Abstract The formation of hair follicles, a landmark of mammals, requires complex mesenchymal–epithelial interactions and it is commonly believed that embryonic epidermal cells are the only cells that can respond to hair follicle morphogenetic signals in vivo. Here, we demonstrate that epithelial stem cells of non-skin origin (e.g. that of cornea, oesophagus, vagina, bladder, prostate) that express the transcription factor Tp63, a master gene for the development of epidermis and its appendages, can respond to skin morphogenetic signals. When exposed to a newborn skin microenvironment, these cells express hair-follicle lineage markers and contribute to hair follicles, sebaceous glands and/or epidermis renewal. Our results demonstrate that lineage restriction is not immutable and support the notion that all Tp63-expressing epithelial stem cells, independently of their embryonic origin, have latent skin competence explaining why aberrant hair follicles or sebaceous glands are sometimes observed in non-skin tissues (e.g. in cornea, vagina or thymus).

scholarly journals A Case Report of Human Demodicosis in a Patient Referred to a Dermatology Clinic in Tabriz, Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-22
Author(s):  
Hesamoddin Mohebbi ◽  
Shayan Boozarjomehri Amniyeh ◽  
Parisa Mahdavi ◽  
Ali Heydari Azar Heris
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Demodex Folliculorum ◽  
Dermatology Clinic ◽  
The Family ◽  
Demodex Brevis ◽  
Demodex Mites ◽  
Tabriz City

Background: The genus Demodex belongs to the order Prostigmata and the family Demodecidae that has several species of uncommon mites, some of which cause severe scabies in animals. There are two species of this mite that cause disease in humans, including Demodex folliculorum, which is known as hair follicle mite, and Demodex brevis. This disease is more common in women than in men. Case Presentation: The patient is a 36-year-old woman living in one of the villages of Tabriz city who referred to a dermatologist following severe itching and hyperkeratosis (abundant dandruff) of the cheeks. Then, she was introduced to the laboratory for preparing a slide from a sample taken from the patient’s cheeks. A large number of Demodex mites were observed in the microscopic test of the sample. Conclusion: In patients referred to skin clinics with scaling and itching, especially in the head and face, the complication may be due to Demodex infection. Therefore, it is suggested that demodicosis be considered in differential diagnosis in such patients.

Case of Angular Blepharitis Caused by Demodex folliculorum

2021 ◽  
pp. 074880682098576
Author(s):  
Susan Luo ◽  
Cat Burkat ◽  
Suzanne W. van Landingham
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Topical Steroids ◽  
Tea Tree Oil ◽  
Tea Tree ◽  
Demodex Mite ◽  
Demodex Folliculorum ◽  
Lateral Canthus ◽  
Eyelid Skin ◽  
Demodex Infestation

Angular blepharitis is inflammation of the eyelid skin at the lateral canthus, most commonly caused by Staphylococcus and Moraxella species. The Demodex mite is an external parasite that often infests the human eyelid margin and has been implicated in both anterior and posterior blepharitis. The authors describe the case of a 43-year-old female who presented for evaluation of a 3-month history of bilateral canthal eyelid irritation, consistent with angular blepharitis. This is a case report and review of relevant literature. Skin biopsy showed evidence of Demodex folliculorum infestation. Multiple D. folliculorum organisms were visualized within the hair follicles and on the surface, along with pockets of acute and chronic nongranulomatous inflammation surrounding hair follicles. The patient was treated with tea tree oil applied to her eyelids and eyelashes twice daily with complete resolution of symptoms. To our knowledge, this is the first report of angular blepharitis with histopathologic confirmation of Demodex infestation. In this discussion, we cover manifestations of the Demodex mite, angular blepharitis, and treatment options. Due to the lack of literature regarding this entity, we feel that it may be an underrecognized periocular and dermatologic condition that can lead to misdiagnosis, visits to multiple practitioners, and significant functional and cosmetic sequelae to the patient. Demodex infestation should be considered on the differential diagnosis for cases of refractory angular blepharitis, particularly when unresponsive to topical steroids. Based on results from treating Demodex anterior and posterior blepharitis and this case, treatment with tea tree oil should be considered.

Skin structure of Egyptian buffaloes and cattle with particular reference to sweat glands

1955 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. E. Hafez ◽  
A. L. Badreldin ◽  
M. M. Shafei
Keyword(s):  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Sweat Gland ◽  
Species Differences ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Average Thickness ◽  
Sebaceous Glands ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Dermal Papillae

The structure, distribution and dimensions of skin strata and sweat glands have been investigated in Egyptian buffaloes and cattle. Samples from sixteen body regions were taken from three adult bulls of both species. Identical studies were also made on one buffalo calf and two buffalo embryos. Serial vertical and horizontal sections were cut from each body region using the ‘terpineol paraffin wax’ method. The following results were obtained.1. Buffalo skin is characterized by dermal papillae enclosing papillomatous epidermis. The fibrous structure of the dermis is similar in both species. In buffaloes, the average thickness of skin, main epidermis, papillomatous epidermis, and cornium is 6·5 mm., 50, 115, and 11μ respectively. The epidermis coefficient is 12 for the main epidermis and 18 for the papillomatous epidermis. In cattle, the average thickness of skin, epidermis and cornium layer is 4·3 mm., 51 and 5 μ respectively, while the epidermis coefficient is 8.2. The average number of hair follicles per sq.cm. of skin is 394 in the buffalo and 2633 in cattle. Each hair follicle is accompanied by two large lobulated sebaceous glands in the buffalo, and one small bilobed gland in cattle.3. There is no species difference in the histology of the sweat glands. Each hair follicle is accompanied by one sweat gland in both species. In the buffalo, the body of the sweat gland is oval and convoluted, while the duct is twisted at its attachment to the body. In cattle, the body of the gland is elongated while the duct is straight. The number of sweat glands per sq.cm. of skin is 394 in the buffalo and 2633 in cattle. The dimensions of the sweat glands are larger in buffaloes than in cattle. The length, circumference and sweating surface of the gland is 0·58, 0·47, and 0·276 sq.mm. in the buffalo, and 0·47, 0·26, and 0·124 sq.mm. in cattle respectively. The glandular surface of sweat glands per sq.cm. of skin is 1·07 sq.cm. in the buffalo and 3·08 sq.cm. in cattle.4. The type of sweat gland secretion is apocrine in both species. In the buffalo, successive stages of apocrine secretion are observed, and the merocrinelike form is rare. In cattle, the merocrine-like form prevails and the other stages are very rare. The theory (Findlay & Yang, 1950) of intraluminal transformation, of secretory products from coarse granularity to fluid homogeneity is supported. The effect of locality on the type of sweating activity is stressed.5. There are species differences in the distribution of blood vessels and capillaries. In the subepidermal level, the arterial branches are more frequent and superficial in buffaloes than in cattle. Capillaries are found in the dermal papillae of buffalo skin. The capillary loops encircling the hair follicle are more frequent in cattle than in buffaloes. The blood capillaries supplying the sebaceous glands are more numerous in the buffalo than in cattle. The blood supply of sweat glands is poor in both species.6. There are age differences in the skin histology. The number of hair follicles per sq.cm. of skin in a 5-months-old embryo, calf at birth, and adult buffaloes is 10560, 1248 and 400 respectively. There are no skin glands in the 1-month and 5-months-old embryos. The sweat gland in the calf is small in size and similar in structure to that of the adult. Calves have fewer sweat glands than adults.7. The body conformation and the degree of pigmentation are affected by species, breed and locality.8. The secreting activity of the sweat glands may be affected by the locality.9. It seems that there are species differences in the mechanism of heat convection and radiation, insensible perspiration and sensible perspiration, due to histological differences.

scholarly journals Rac1 Is Crucial for Hair Follicle Integrity but Is Not Essential for Maintenance of the Epidermis

2006 ◽  
Vol 26 (18) ◽  
pp. 6957-6970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Chrostek ◽  
Xunwei Wu ◽  
Fabio Quondamatteo ◽  
Rong Hu ◽  
Anna Sanecka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Small Gtpase ◽  
Epidermal Keratinocytes ◽  
Sebaceous Glands ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Normal Differentiation ◽  
Deficient Mice

ABSTRACT Rac1 is a small GTPase that regulates the actin cytoskeleton but also other cellular processes. To investigate the function of Rac1 in skin, we generated mice with a keratinocyte-restricted deletion of the rac1 gene. Rac1-deficient mice lost nearly all of their hair within a few weeks after birth. The nonpermanent part of mutant hair follicles developed constrictions; lost expression of hair follicle-specific keratins, E-cadherin, and α6 integrin; and was eventually removed by macrophages. The permanent part of hair follicles and the sebaceous glands were maintained, but no regrowth of full-length hair follicles was observed. In the skin of mutant mice, epidermal keratinocytes showed normal differentiation, proliferation, cell-cell contacts, and basement membrane deposition, demonstrating no obvious defects of Rac1-deficient epidermis in vivo. In vitro, Rac1-null keratinocytes displayed a strong spreading defect and slightly impaired adhesion. These data show that Rac1 plays an important role in sustaining the integrity of the lower part of hair follicles but not in maintenance of the epidermis.

A method for culturing human hair follicle cells. (II). Plucked human hair follicles.

1988 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryuichiro KUWANA ◽  
Seiji ARASE ◽  
Yasushi SADAMOTO ◽  
Hideki NAKANISHI ◽  
Katsuyuki TAKEDA
Keyword(s):  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Human Hair ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Follicle Cells ◽  
Human Hair Follicle

Nano-Lipidic Carriers as a Tool for Drug Targeting to the Pilosebaceous Units

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (27) ◽  
pp. 3251-3268
Author(s):  
Shweta Ramkar ◽  
Abhishek K. Sah ◽  
Nagendra Bhuwane ◽  
Ishwari Choudhary ◽  
Narayan Hemnani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Prolonged Release ◽  
Pilosebaceous Unit ◽  
Tissue Targeting ◽  
Bulge Region ◽  
Drug Reservoir ◽  
Fast Transport ◽  
Topical Applications

The pilosebaceous unit is the triad comprising of hair follicle, arrector pilli muscle, and sebaceous gland. Drug delivery to and through the hair follicles has garnered much attention of the researchers and the hair follicles represent an attractive target site via topical applications. They are bordered by capillaries and antigenpresenting cells, connected to the sebaceous glands and the bulge region of the hair follicle anchors the stem cells. The nano lipid carriers have the propensity to penetrate through the skin via transcellular route, intracellular route and follicular route. It has been established that nano lipid carriers have the potential for follicular drug delivery and provide some advantages over conventional pathways, including improved bioavailability, enhanced penetration depth, fast transport into the skin, tissue targeting and form a drug reservoir for prolonged release. This review describes the pilosebaceous unit (PSU) and related diseases and the recent lipid-based nanotechnology approaches for drug delivery to the follicular unit as well as related issues. Different types of nano lipid carriers, including ethosomes, liposomes, nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), and nano lipid carriers (NLCs) have been reported for follicular drug delivery. Targeted drug delivery with nano-lipid carriers has the potential to augment the efficacy of drugs/bioactives to treat diseases of PSU. This review systematically introduces the activities of different formulations and the use of nano lipid carriers in treating PSU related disorders like alopecia, acne, and hirsutism.

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