Improve Oil Production From Tar-Impacted Reservoirs Using In-Situ Steam Generation and Ionic Liquids

Abstract One of the typical production challenges is occurrence of impermeable layers of highly viscous asphaltenic oil (known as tarmat) at oil/water contact within a reservoir. Tar forms a physical barrier that isolates producing zones from aquifer or water injectors. As a result of tar occurrence, is a rapid pressure decrease that can be observed in such reservoirs, increasing number of dead wells, and declining productivity. Another indirect consequence of Tar presence is poor sweep efficiency that leads to water cut increase by a drastic magnitude. An innovative approach was developed to establish better sweep efficiency, transmissibility and pressure maintenance of Tar impacted-areas using thermochemical treatment. The treatment consists of injecting exothermic reaction-components that react downhole and generate in-situ pressure and heat. The in-situ reaction products provide heat and gas-drive energy to mobilize tar, improve sweep efficiency and maintain flooding for better pressure maintenance. Typically, downhole heat generation through chemical reaction releases substantial heat which could be employed in various thermal stimulation operations. Nano/ionic liquids, high pH solutions, solvents and nano metals were combined with the exothermic reaction to improve tar mobilization. Based on lab testing, the new technology showed more recovery than conventional steam flooding. Permeable channels were created in a tar layer with sandback samples, which enhanced transmissibility, pressure support and sweep efficiency. The effect of thermochemical treatment and ionic liquid on bitumen texture will be described. Impact of In-situ generated heat on injectivity will also be presented. The novel method will enable commercial production from tar-impacted reservoirs, and avoid costly steam flooding systems. The developed novel treatment relates to in-situ steam generation to maximize heat delivery efficiency of steam into the reservoir and to minimize heat losses due to under and/or over burdens. The generated in-situ steam and gas can be applied to recover deep oil reservoirs, which cannot be recovered with traditional steam, miscible gas, nor polymer injection methods.

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In-Situ Steam Generation A New Technology Application for Heavy Oil Production

10.2118/184118-ms ◽

2016 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Ayman R. Al-Nakhli ◽

Luai A. Sukkar ◽

James Arukhe ◽

Abddulrahman Mulhem ◽

Abdelaziz Mohannad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Oil ◽

New Technology ◽

Oil Production ◽

Steam Generation ◽

Technology Application

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Preparation and Properties of Halogen Derivatives of Rubber from Latex

Rubber Chemistry and Technology ◽

10.5254/1.3546466 ◽

1939 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 545-555

Author(s):

H. C. Baker

Keyword(s):

Hydrochloric Acid ◽

Exothermic Reaction ◽

Oxidizing Agent ◽

Reaction Products ◽

Metal Analysis ◽

Wide Range ◽

Suitable Amount ◽

Similar Appearance ◽

Derivatives Of

Abstract The paper deals with the preparation and properties of chlorine and bromine derivatives of rubber from latex, obtained by the generation of nascent chlorine in situ and by the addition of bromine water. Attention was given to compounds containing small amounts of halogen, which still showed marked elasticity, in addition to the powders containing large proportions of halogen. When stabilized preserved latex was treated with an excess of hydrochloric acid and a suitable amount of oxidizing agent, an exothermic reaction occurred which, if uncontrolled, led to the formation of white powders containing about 50% chlorine which swelled in organic solvents without dissolving. If, however, the temperature was not allowed to rise substantially above atmospheric, at least in the early stages of the reaction, products of similar appearance and chlorine content were obtained, which nevertheless were readily soluble in a wide range of solvents, including vegetable oils, to give thin solutions which formed brittle films adhering strongly to glass and metal. Analysis of a chlorinated rubber containing 55.8% chlorine corresponded approximately to the formula C20H26Cl11O2.

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Study on the In Situ Fabricated Titanium Nitride-Based Ceramic Cutting Tool Materials Reinforced by Titanium Diboride

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.500.679 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 500 ◽

pp. 679-684 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Qiang Shi ◽

Han Lian Liu ◽

Chuan Zhen Huang ◽

Bin Zou

Keyword(s):

Composite Materials ◽

Titanium Nitride ◽

Titanium Diboride ◽

Cutting Tool ◽

New Technology ◽

Reaction Products ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Ceramic Cutting Tool ◽

Cutting Tool Materials

The titanium diboride reinforced titanium nitride-based ceramic cutting tool composite materials were fabricated by a new technology namely in situ synthesis followed by hot-pressed sintering. The experimental results showed that the highest density and the best mechanical properties of the composite material were obtained when the content of Ni was 5wt%. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to identify the phases of the composite. Microstructures of the composite were observed by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM). It is concluded that the sintered material was pure, no harmful reaction products was found; with the increase of Ni content, the proportion of short rod-like TiB2 increased, fracture toughness of the composite materials were improved because lots of TiB2 were pulled out; bridging phenomenon of short rod-like particles and metal particles were observed in the crack propagating process. The main toughening mechanisms of the composites were deflection and bridging of the crack as well as grains pulling out.

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Self-Propagating Synthesis of Ti-Al-C Powder Mixtures

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.520.347 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 520 ◽

pp. 347-352 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Martin Balog ◽

Roman Florek ◽

Martin Nosko ◽

František Šimančík

Keyword(s):

Powder Mixture ◽

Exothermic Reaction ◽

Protective Atmosphere ◽

Reaction Products ◽

Simultaneous Formation ◽

Molten Aluminium ◽

Master Alloys ◽

Particulate Reinforced ◽

Al Matrix

Self-propagating synthesis of Ti-Al-C powder mixture was used for fabrication of master alloys suited to industrial scale manufacturing of Al-TiC composites. The cold compacted powder pellets were heated in a protective atmosphere until the melting point of aluminium. Then the temperature of pellets increased rapidly due to intense exothermic reaction between molten Al and Ti, resulting in simultaneous formation of Al3Ti and Al4C3. When the temperature exceeded ~1090°C, TiC particles started to form as a result of the mutual reaction between Al3Ti and Al4C3. Resulting reaction products consisted of fine (~Subscript textub>2µm) TiC particles uniformly distributed in the Al matrix. The composition of powder mixture was optimized to attain master alloy pellets containing ~50 vol.% TiC. Such pellets were then diluted in molten aluminium to produce Al+TiC composites. In-situ formation of TiC in Al matrix provided favourable interfacial quality, which avoided dewetting and rejection of particles from molten aluminium. The parameters for composite casting were optimized in order to reduce the effect of reversible reaction leading to undesired formation of Al3Ti or Al4C3. The final composites showed significantly increased Young’s modulus and strengths. The potential of using the approach for the fabrication of fine, nearly spherical TiC particulate reinforced Ti composites is briefly discussed. The simple process is very promising for economical manufacturing of highly efficient lightweight structural materials.

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In situ synthesis of Cl-doped Bi2O2CO3 and its enhancement of photocatalytic activity by inducing generation of oxygen vacancies

Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers ◽

10.1039/d0qi00673d ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (16) ◽

pp. 2969-2978

Author(s):

Jie-hao Li ◽

Jie Ren ◽

Ying Liu ◽

Hui-ying Mu ◽

Rui-hong Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Photocatalytic Activity ◽

Ionic Liquids ◽

Oxygen Vacancy ◽

Oxygen Vacancies ◽

In Situ Synthesis ◽

Photocatalytic Mechanism

Cl-Doped Bi2O2CO3 is prepared using ionic liquids as dopants and the oxygen-vacancy-induced photocatalytic mechanism is revealed.

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Cross-linked polymeric ionic liquids ion gel electrolytes by in situ radical polymerization

Chemical Engineering Journal ◽

10.1016/j.cej.2019.122245 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 378 ◽

pp. 122245 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Liya Chen ◽

Jifang Fu ◽

Qi Lu ◽

Liyi Shi ◽

Mengmeng Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ionic Liquids ◽

Radical Polymerization ◽

Polymeric Ionic Liquids ◽

Gel Electrolytes ◽

Ion Gel

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Interface reactivity of in-situ formed LiCoO2 - PEO solid-state interfaces investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy: Reaction products, energy level offsets and double layer formation

Applied Surface Science ◽

10.1016/j.apsusc.2021.151218 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 571 ◽

pp. 151218

Author(s):

Thimo H. Ferber ◽

Şahin Cangaz ◽

Wolfram Jaegermann ◽

René Hausbrand

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Energy Level ◽

Double Layer ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Layer Formation ◽

Reaction Products ◽

X Ray

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Separation of phenols from oils using deep eutectic solvents and ionic liquids

Pure and Applied Chemistry ◽

10.1515/pac-2019-1119 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 92 (10) ◽

pp. 1717-1731

Author(s):

Yucui Hou ◽

Zhi Feng ◽

Jaime Ruben Sossa Cuellar ◽

Weize Wu

Keyword(s):

Ionic Liquids ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽

Environmentally Benign ◽

Organic Chemical ◽

Environmental Friendliness ◽

Oil Mixtures ◽

Organic Chemical Industry

AbstractPhenolic compounds are important basic materials for the organic chemical industry, such as pesticides, medicines and preservatives. Phenolic compounds can be obtained from biomass, coal and petroleum via pyrolysis and liquefaction, but they are mixtures in oil. The traditional methods to separate phenols from oil using alkaline washing are not environmentally benign. To solve the problems, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) and ionic liquids (ILs) have been developed to separate phenols from oil, which shows high efficiency and environmental friendliness. In this article, we summarized the properties of DESs and ILs and the applications of DESs and ILs in the separation of phenols and oil. There are two ways in which DESs and ILs are used in these applications: (1) DESs formed in situ using different hydrogen bonding acceptors including quaternary ammonium salts, zwitterions, imidazoles and amides; (2) DESs and ILs used as extractants. The effect of water on the separation, mass transfer dynamics in the separation process, removal of neutral oil entrained in DESs, phase diagrams of phenol + oil + extractant during extraction, are also discussed. In the last, we analyze general trends for the separation and evaluate the problematic or challenging aspects in the separation of phenols from oil mixtures.

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Ionic liquids: green solvents and reactive compounds? Reaction of tri-n-butylmethylphosphonium dimethylphosphate with elemental sulfur

Pure and Applied Chemistry ◽

10.1515/pac-2019-0804 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Natalia Tarasova ◽

Efrem Krivoborodov ◽

Alexey Zanin ◽

Yaroslav Mezhuev

Keyword(s):

Ionic Liquids ◽

Nmr Spectroscopy ◽

Oxygen Atom ◽

Elemental Sulfur ◽

Green Solvents ◽

Reaction Products ◽

Mechanism Of Interaction

AbstractThe opening of the S8 ring with the formation of linear sulfur oligomers in the presence of tri-n-butylmethylphosphonium dimethylphosphate is shown. The reaction products are separated and characterized with 1H, 13C, 31P, 17O NMR spectroscopy, HD-MS, MALDI spectroscopy and XRD. It is shown that dimethylphosphate-anion is active in the reaction, and the addition of sulfur atoms occurs via the oxygen atom of dimethylphosphate-anion. It is found that a mixture of products is formed, which differ in the number of sulfur atoms in the chain. The assumptions were made about the mechanism of interaction of sulfur with tri-n-butylmethylphosphonium dimethylphosphate.

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