Optimizing Directional Drilling While Simultaneously Maximizing the Whole Life Value of the Well

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Martin Clegg
Keyword(s):  
Performance Indicator ◽  
Production Equipment ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Directional Drilling ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Rate Of Penetration ◽  
Drilling Parameters ◽  
Drilling System ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Increasingly complex wells and longer laterals present new challenges for wellbore placement and wellbore quality. There is a growing understanding of the impact of well placement and wellbore quality on the overall value of the well and on the economics of completions and production. This paper looks at how requirements have evolved and will evolve beyond simply "getting to TD" as quickly as possible and how emerging technologies can help. There is already an undercurrent of opinion that completions and production are sometimes compromised to maximize rate of penetration, but with some controversy about the exact value and how easy it is to attribute cause. This paper reviews how directional drilling practice has evolved over 100 years, and how the wellbore quality that results from the directional drilling process can be a driver for the overall value of the well. Specifically, it draws on a number of key references to examine how tortuosity doesn't just have an influence on drilling but also how it can adversely impact completions, reliability of production equipment and even production rates. The paper proposes that we consider the whole-life value of the well as a key performance indicator as we drill. It emphasises that we must cease to focus solely on rate of penetration and the depth-time curve. The paper shows, with examples, how modern directional drilling systems can address tortuosity and improve wellbore quality. It presents an unbiased view of the industry from an independent viewpoint, exploring how directional drilling has been partially automated over the years and examining the state of the art in current automated directional drilling systems. It proposes the need for a modern directional drilling system not just in terms of drilling parameters but also in terms of automation of geometric and, ultimately, geologic aspects of directional drilling. The paper is intended to break down the silos that can exist between drilling, completions and production functions, and to help the industry to think about the long-term consequences of performance when specifying future directional drilling equipment.

Evaluation of Derived Controllable Variables for Predicting Rop Using Artificial Intelligence in Autonomous Downhole Rotary Drilling System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kingsley Williams Amadi ◽  
Ibiye Iyalla ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Mortadha Alsaba ◽  
Durdica Kuten
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Penetration Rate ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Stick Slip ◽  
Conservation Of Energy ◽  
Rate Of Penetration ◽  
Mechanical Specific Energy ◽  
Drilling Parameters ◽  
Drilling System

Abstract Fossil fuel energy dominate the world energy mix and plays a fundamental role in our economy and lifestyle. Drilling of wellbore is the only proven method to extract the hydrocarbon reserves, an operation which is both highly hazardous and capital intensive. To optimize the drilling operations, developing a high fidelity autonomous downhole drilling system that is self-optimizing using real-time drilling parameters and able to precisely predict the optimal rate of penetration is essential. Optimizing the input parameters; surface weight on bit (WOB), and rotary speed (RPM) which in turns improves drilling performance and reduces well delivery cost is not trivial due to the complexity of the non-linear bit-rock interactions and changing formation characteristics. However, application of derived variables shows potential to predict rate of penetration and determine the most influential parameters in a drilling process. In this study the use of derived controllable variables calculated from the drilling inputs parameters were evaluated for potential applicability in predicting penetration rate in autonomous downhole drilling system using the artificial neutral network and compared with predictions of actual input drilling parameters; (WOB, RPM). First, a detailed analysis of actual rock drilling data was performed and applied in understanding the relationship between these derived variables and penetration rate enabling the identification of patterns which predicts the occurrence of phenomena that affects the drilling process. Second, the physical law of conservation of energy using drilling mechanical specific energy (DMSE) defined as energy required to remove a unit volume of rock was applied to measure the efficiency of input energy in the drilling system, in combination with penetration rate per unit revolution and penetration rate per unit weight applied (feed thrust) are used to effective predict optimum penetration rate, enabling an adaptive strategize which optimize drilling rate whilst suppressing stick-slip. The derived controllable variable included mechanical specific energy, depth of cut and feed thrust are calculated from the real- time drilling parameters. Artificial Neutral Networks (ANNs) was used to predict ROP using both input drilling parameters (WOB, RPM) and derived controllable variables (MSE, FET) using same network functionality and model results compared. Results showed that derived controllable variable gave higher prediction accuracy when compared with the model performance assessment criteria commonly used in engineering analysis including the correlation coefficient (R2) and root mean square error (RMSE). The key contribution of this study when compared to the previous researches is that it introduced the concept of derived controllable variables with established relationship with both ROP and stick-slip which has an advantage of optimizing the drilling parameters by predicting optimal penetration rate at reduced stick-slip which is essential in achieving an autonomous drilling system. :

scholarly journals Kinematics and dynamics analysis of new rotary-percussive PDM drilling tool

2021 ◽  
pp. 146134842198915
Author(s):  
Jialin Tian ◽  
Xuehua Hu ◽  
Liming Dai ◽  
Lin Yang ◽  
Yi Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drill String ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Drilling Tool ◽  
Stick Slip ◽  
Rate Of Penetration ◽  
Bottom Hole ◽  
Bottom Hole Assembly ◽  
The Impact

This paper presents a new drilling tool with multidirectional and controllable vibrations for enhancing the drilling rate of penetration and reducing the wellbore friction in complex well structure. Based on the structure design, the working mechanism is analyzed in downhole conditions. Then, combined with the impact theory and the drilling process, the theoretical models including the various impact forces are established. Also, to study the downhole performance, the bottom hole assembly dynamics characteristics in new condition are discussed. Moreover, to study the influence of key parameters on the impact force, the parabolic effect of the tool and the rebound of the drill string were considered, and the kinematics and mechanical properties of the new tool under working conditions were calculated. For the importance of the roller as a vibration generator, the displacement trajectory of the roller under different rotating speed and weight on bit was compared and analyzed. The reliable and accuracy of the theoretical model were verified by comparing the calculation results and experimental test results. The results show that the new design can produce a continuous and stable periodic impact. By adjusting the design parameter matching to the working condition, the bottom hole assembly with the new tool can improve the rate of penetration and reduce the wellbore friction or drilling stick-slip with benign vibration. The analysis model can also be used for a similar method or design just by changing the relative parameters. The research and results can provide references for enhancing drilling efficiency and safe production.

Micro-Testing While Drilling for Rate of Penetration Optimization: Experiments and Simulations

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-49
Author(s):  
Magnus Nystad ◽  
Bernt Aadnoy ◽  
Alexey Pavlov
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Method ◽  
Extremum Seeking ◽  
Constraint Handling ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Rate Of Penetration ◽  
Drilling Rig ◽  
Model Free ◽  
Drilling Parameters ◽  
Weight On Bit

Abstract The Rate of Penetration (ROP) is one of the key parameters related to the efficiency of the drilling process. Within the confines of operational limits, the drilling parameters affecting the ROP should be optimized to drill more efficiently and safely, to reduce the overall cost of constructing the well. In this study, a data-driven optimization method called Extremum Seeking (ES) is employed to automatically find and maintain the optimal Weight on Bit (WOB) which maximizes the ROP. The ES algorithm is a model-free method which gathers information about the current downhole conditions by automatically performing small tests with the WOB and executing optimization actions based on the test results. In this paper, this optimization method is augmented with a combination of a predictive and a reactive constraint handling technique to adhere to operational limitations. These methods of constraint handling within ES application to drilling are demonstrated for a maximal limit imposed on the surface torque, but the methods are generic and can be applied on various drilling parameters. The proposed optimization scheme has been tested with experiments on a downscaled drilling rig and simulations on a high-fidelity drilling simulator of a full-scale drilling operation. The experiments and simulations show the method's ability to steer the system to the optimum and to handle constraints and noisy data, resulting in safe and efficient drilling at high ROP.

scholarly journals Micro-Testing While Drilling for Rate of Penetration Optimization

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magnus Nystad ◽  
Alexey Pavlov
Keyword(s):  
Noisy Data ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Extremum Seeking ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
High Fidelity ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Optimization Scheme ◽  
Rate Of Penetration ◽  
Drilling Parameters ◽  
Weight On Bit

Abstract The Rate of Penetration (ROP) is one of the key parameters related to the efficiency of the drilling process. Within the confines of operational limits, the drilling parameters affecting the ROP should be optimized to drill more efficiently and safely, to reduce the overall cost of constructing the well. In this study, a data-driven optimization method called Extremum Seeking is employed to automatically find and maintain the optimal Weight on Bit (WOB) which maximizes the ROP. To avoid violation of constraints, the algorithm is adjusted with a combination of a predictive and a reactive approach. This method of constraint handling is demonstrated for a maximal limit imposed on the surface torque, but the method is generic and can be applied on various drilling parameters. The proposed optimization scheme has been tested on a high-fidelity drilling simulator. The simulated scenarios show the method’s ability to steer the system to the optimum and to handle constraints and noisy data.

scholarly journals Exploitation of Field Drilling Data with an Innovative Drilling Simulator: Highly Effective Simulation of Rotating and Sliding Mode

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis Koulidis ◽  
Vassilios Kelessidis ◽  
Shehab Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Field Data ◽  
Sliding Mode ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Continuous Change ◽  
Rate Of Penetration ◽  
Drilling Performance ◽  
Drilling Parameters ◽  
Rock Drillability ◽  
Drilling Data

Abstract Drilling challenging wells requires a combination of drilling analytics and comprehensive simulation to prevent poor drilling performance and avoid drilling issues for the upcoming drilling campaign. This work focuses on the capabilities of a drilling simulator that can simulate the directional drilling process with the use of actual field data for the training of students and professionals. This paper presents the results of simulating both rotating and sliding modes and successfully matching the rate of penetration and the trajectory of an S-type well. Monitored drilling data from the well were used to simulate the drilling process. These included weight on bit, revolutions per minute, flow rate, bit type, inclination and drilling fluid properties. The well was an S-type well with maximum inclination of 16 degrees. There were continuous variations from rotating to sliding mode, and the challenge was approached by classifying drilling data into intervals of 20 feet to obtain an appropriate resolution and efficient simulation. The simulator requires formation strength, pore and fracture pressures, and details of well lithology, thus simulating the actual drilling environment. The uniaxial compressive strength of the rock layer is calculated from p–wave velocity data from an offset field. Rock drillability is finally estimated as a function of the rock properties of the drilled layer, bit type and the values of the drilling parameters. It is then converted to rate of penetration and matched to actual data. Changes in the drilling parameters were followed as per the field data. The simulator reproduces the drilling process in real-time and allows the driller to make instantaneous changes to all drilling parameters. The simulator provides the rate of penetration, torque, standpipe pressure, and trajectory as output. This enables the user to have on-the-fly interference with the drilling process and allows him/her to modify any of the important drilling parameters. Thus, the user can determine the effect of such changes on the effectiveness of drilling, which can lead to effective drilling optimization. Certain intervals were investigated independently to give a more detailed analysis of the simulation outcome. Additional drilling data such as hook load and standpipe pressure were analyzed to determine and evaluate the drilling performance of a particular interval and to consider them in the optimization process. The resulting rate of penetration and well trajectory simulation results show an excellent match with field data. The simulation illustrates the continuous change between rotating and sliding mode as well as the accurate synchronous matching of the rate of penetration and trajectory. The results prove that the simulator is an excellent tool for students and professionals to simulate the drilling process prior to actual drilling of the next inclined well.

A Robust Rate of Penetration Model for Carbonate Formation

2018 ◽  
Vol 141 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Al-AbdulJabbar ◽  
Salaheldin Elkatatny ◽  
Mohamed Mahmoud ◽  
Khaled Abdelgawad ◽  
Abdulaziz Al-Majed
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Rate Of Penetration ◽  
New Model ◽  
Carbonate Formation ◽  
Drilling Parameters ◽  
Fluid Properties

During the drilling operations, optimizing the rate of penetration (ROP) is very crucial, because it can significantly reduce the overall cost of the drilling process. ROP is defined as the speed at which the drill bit breaks the rock to deepen the hole, and it is measured in units of feet per hour or meters per hour. ROP prediction is very challenging before drilling, because it depends on many parameters that should be optimized. Several models have been developed in the literature to predict ROP. Most of the developed models used drilling parameters such as weight on bit (WOB), pumping rate (Q), and string revolutions per minute (RPM). Few researchers considered the effect of mud properties on ROP by including a small number of actual field measurements. This paper introduces a new robust model to predict the ROP using both drilling parameters (WOB, Q, ROP, torque (T), standpipe pressure (SPP), uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), and mud properties (density and viscosity) using 7000 real-time data measurements. In addition, the relative importance of drilling fluid properties, rock strength, and drilling parameters to ROP is determined. The obtained results showed that the ROP is highly affected by WOB, RPM, T, and horsepower (HP), where the coefficient of determination (T2) was 0.71, 0.87, 0.70, and 0.92 for WOB, RPM, T, and HP, respectively. ROP also showed a strong function of mud fluid properties, where R2 was 0.70 and 0.70 for plastic viscosity (PV) and mud density, respectively. No clear relationship was observed between ROP and yield point (YP) for more than 500 field data points. The new model predicts the ROP with average absolute percentage error (AAPE) of 5% and correlation coefficient (R) of 0.93. In addition, the new model outperformed three existing ROP models. The novelty in this paper is the application of the clustering technique in which the formations are clustered based on their compressive strength range to predict the ROP. Clustering yielded accurate ROP prediction compared to the field ROP.

Trajectory Tracking and Rate of Penetration Control of Downhole Vertical Drilling System

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masood Ghasemi ◽  
Xingyong Song
Keyword(s):  
Trajectory Tracking ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Control Design ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Stick Slip ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Rate Of Penetration ◽  
Modeling Uncertainties ◽  
Drilling System

This paper investigates a nonlinear control design for trajectory tracking and rate of penetration (ROP) control of the vertical downhole drilling process. The drilling system dynamics are first built incorporating the coupled axial and torsional dynamics together with a velocity-independent drill bit–rock interaction model. Given the underactuated, nonlinear, and nonsmooth feature of the drilling dynamics, we propose a control design that can prevent significant downhole vibrations, enable accurate tracking, and achieve desired rate of penetration. It can also ensure robustness against modeling uncertainties and external disturbances. The controller is designed using a sequence of hyperplanes given in a cascade structure. The tracking control is achieved in two phases, where in the first phase the drilling system states converge to a high-speed drilling regime free of stick–slip behavior, and in the second phase, the error dynamics can asymptotically converge. Finally, we provide simulation results considering different case studies to evaluate the efficacy and the robustness of the proposed control approach.

Control of Rotary Steerable Toolface in Directional Drilling

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhu Vadali ◽  
Yuzhen Xue ◽  
Xingyong Song ◽  
Jason Dykstra
Keyword(s):  
Disturbance Rejection ◽  
State Feedback ◽  
Controller Design ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Directional Drilling ◽  
Dynamics Model ◽  
External Disturbances ◽  
Drilling System ◽  
Do So

This paper presents a detailed mathematical model of a rotary steerable drilling system (RSS) that adopts hydro-electromechanical devices to generate bending torque in adjusting the toolface (TF). Key requirements of RSS are to adjust the TF promptly to track the TF command, to maintain the TF in presence of the external disturbances, and to do so during the drilling process. Accordingly, a controller with a fast response time and effective disturbance rejection capability is desired for the RSS. The complexity and non-linearities of the RSS creates additional challenges to the controller design. This paper describes a simple and effective controller scheme that is designed based on the analysis of the system’s dynamics model. By decoupling the disturbances, physical state feedback, and non-linearities, the RSS can be controlled by using a simple and effective proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller with the desired performance. The simulation results show that the proposed controller is effective against the disturbance and the variations of the parameters.

scholarly journals Analysis of Hole Quality and Chips Formation in the Dry Drilling Process of Al7075-T6

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 891
Author(s):  
Numan Habib ◽  
Aamer Sharif ◽  
Aqib Hussain ◽  
Muhammad Aamir ◽  
Khaled Giasin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
Spindle Speed ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Hole Size ◽  
Hole Quality ◽  
Dry Drilling ◽  
Drilling Parameters ◽  
The Impact

Millions of holes are produced in many industries where efficient drilling is considered the key factor in their success. High-quality holes are possible with the proper selection of drilling process parameters, appropriate tools, and machine setup. This paper deals with the effects of drilling parameters such as spindle speed and feed rate on the chips analysis and the hole quality like surface roughness, hole size, circularity, and burr formation. Al7075-T6 alloy, commonly used in the aerospace industry, was used for the drilling process, and the dry drilling experiments were performed using high-speed steel drill bits. Results have shown that surface roughness decreased with the increase in spindle speed and increased with the increase in the feed rate. The hole size increased with the high spindle speed, whereas the impact of spindle speed on circularity error was found insignificant. Furthermore, short and segmented chips were achieved at a high feed rate and low spindle speed. The percentage contribution of each input parameter on the output drilling parameters was evaluated using analysis of variance (ANOVA).

scholarly journals The Impact Of Decision-Making On Production Activities

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroki Inagaki ◽  
Daisuke Doyo
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Control Theory ◽  
Control Model ◽  
Production Equipment ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Rolling Planning ◽  
Materials Planning ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Planning Production

This study used control theory to model sales planning, long-term planning, rolling planning, materials planning, short-term planning, manufacturing, delivery and sale, and investigated how factors required for decision-making in each planning phase impact the overall planning through simulations. To find the degree of impact each phase has on the overall plan, the investigation method involved used each factor of planning as a variable in the control model. And the differences in results between impacts, when simulated by individually making them into constants and when simulated as a variable, were calculated. The findings of this study are considered to contribute to enhance corporate competitiveness by enabling appropriate planning, production equipment and technologies for production activities which actually produce profit.

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