Understanding the Impact of Brine Hardness on Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery Surfactants Performance: A Data Journey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Company ◽  
Sabrina Hocine ◽  
Baptiste Pousset ◽  
Mikel Morvan
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Divalent Cations ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Injection Process ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Internal Olefin ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Brine composition is one of the key parameters in the design of a surfactant based oil recovery process and is a condition imposed by the reservoir nature. This brine can contain a large variety of ions including monovalent and divalent cations (hardness), which impacts the surfactants solubility. Moreover, hardness evolution during the injection process can also impair surfactant formulations’ performances. Water treatment processes are useful ways to mitigate such risks, but they imply higher CAPEX for the process. As a consequence, the selection of the right surfactant will have a large impact on the cost and on crude oil production. This paper describes solution properties of the most common surfactants used in surfactant flooding i.e. Alkyl Benzene Sulfonates (ABS) and Internal Olefin Sulfonates (IOS) as a function of the brine hardness and will be compared with Internal Ketone Sulfonates (IKS), a new bio-based surfactant family.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Using Sea-Water for Enhanced Oil Recovery in Carbonate and Sandstone Reservoirs: Effects of Temperature and Aging Time on Oil Recovery

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Madi Abdullah Naser ◽  
Mohamed Erhayem ◽  
Ali Hegaig ◽  
Hesham Jaber Abdullah ◽  
Muammer Younis Amer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aging Time ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Spontaneous Imbibition ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Injection Process ◽  
Reservoir Conditions ◽  
The Impact

Oil recovery process is an essential element in the oil industry, in this study, a laboratory study to investigate the effect of temperature and aging time on oil recovery and understand some of the mechanisms of seawater in the injection process. In order to do that, the sandstone and carbonate cores were placed in the oven in brine to simulate realistic reservoir conditions. Then, they were aged in crude oil in the oven. After that, they were put in the seawater to recover, and this test is called a spontaneous imbibition test. The spontaneous imbibition test in this study was performed at room temperature to oven temperature 80 oC with different sandstone and carbonate rock with aging time of 1126 hours. The result shows that the impact of seawater on oil recovery in sandstone is higher than carbonate. At higher temperature, the oil recovery is more moderate than low temperature. Likewise, as the aging time increase for both sandstone and carbonate rocks the oil recovery increase. 

scholarly journals The Impact of Alkaloid-Producing Epichloë Endophyte on Forage Ryegrass Breeding: A New Zealand Perspective

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Colin Eady
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Abiotic Stressors ◽  
Livestock Health ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Epichloë Endophyte

For 30 years, forage ryegrass breeding has known that the germplasm may contain a maternally inherited symbiotic Epichloë endophyte. These endophytes produce a suite of secondary alkaloid compounds, dependent upon strain. Many produce ergot and other alkaloids, which are associated with both insect deterrence and livestock health issues. The levels of alkaloids and other endophyte characteristics are influenced by strain, host germplasm, and environmental conditions. Some strains in the right host germplasm can confer an advantage over biotic and abiotic stressors, thus acting as a maternally inherited desirable ‘trait’. Through seed production, these mutualistic endophytes do not transmit into 100% of the crop seed and are less vigorous than the grass seed itself. This causes stability and longevity issues for seed production and storage should the ‘trait’ be desired in the germplasm. This makes understanding the precise nature of the relationship vitally important to the plant breeder. These Epichloë endophytes cannot be ‘bred’ in the conventional sense, as they are asexual. Instead, the breeder may modulate endophyte characteristics through selection of host germplasm, a sort of breeding by proxy. This article explores, from a forage seed company perspective, the issues that endophyte characteristics and breeding them by proxy have on ryegrass breeding, and outlines the methods used to assess the ‘trait’, and the application of these through the breeding, production, and deployment processes. Finally, this article investigates opportunities for enhancing the utilisation of alkaloid-producing endophytes within pastures, with a focus on balancing alkaloid levels to further enhance pest deterrence and improving livestock outcomes.

Modeling to support physicochemical enhancement techniques

2021 ◽  
pp. 79-90
Author(s):  
Т. A. Pospelova
Keyword(s):  
Enhanced Oil Recovery ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Chemical Modeling ◽  
Comparative Structure ◽  
Water Cut ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Oil And Gas Companies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

The article discusses ways to increase the oil recovery factor in already developed fields, special attention is paid to the methods of enhanced oil recovery. The comparative structure of oil production in Russia in the medium term is given. The experience of oil and gas companies in the application of enhanced oil recovery in the fields is analyzed and the dynamics of the growth in the use of various enhanced oil recovery in Russia is estimated. With an increase in the number of operations in the fields, the requirements for the selection of candidates inevitably increase, therefore, the work focuses on hydrodynamic modeling of physical and chemical modeling, highlights the features and disadvantages of existing simulators. The main dependences for adequate modeling during polymer flooding are given. The calculation with different concentration of polymer solution is presented, which significantly affects the water cut and further reduction of operating costs for the preparation of the produced fluid. The possibility of creating a specialized hydrodynamic simulator for low-volume chemical enhanced oil recovery is considered, since mainly simulators are applicable for chemical waterflooding and the impact is on the formation as a whole.

scholarly journals Improvement of the Impact Properties of Composite Laminates by Means of Nano-Modification of the Matrix—A Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Saghafi ◽  
Mohamad Fotouhi ◽  
Giangiacomo Minak
Keyword(s):  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Impact Performance ◽  
Compression After Impact ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Right ◽  
2D And 3D ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

This paper reviews recent works on the application of nanofibers and nanoparticle reinforcements to enhance the interlaminar fracture toughness, to reduce the impact induced damage and to improve the compression after impact performance of fiber reinforced composites with brittle thermosetting resins. The nanofibers have been mainly used as mats embedded between plies of laminated composites, whereas the nanoparticles have been used in 0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D dimensional patterns to reinforce the matrix and consequently the composite. The reinforcement mechanisms are presented, and a comparison is done between the different papers in the literature. This review shows that in order to have an efficient reinforcement effect, careful consideration is required in the manufacturing, materials selection and reinforcement content and percentage. The selection of the right parameters can provide a tough and impact resistant composite with cost effective reinforcements.

scholarly journals The Importance of Microemulsion for the Surfactant Injection Process in Enhanced Oil Recovery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rini Setiati ◽  
Muhammad Taufiq Fathaddin ◽  
Aqlyna Fatahanissa
Keyword(s):  
Interfacial Tension ◽  
Enhanced Oil Recovery ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Type I ◽  
Middle Phase ◽  
Interface Tension ◽  
Lower Phase ◽  
Injection Process

Microemulsion is the main parameter that determines the performance of a surfactant injection system. According to Myers, there are four main mechanisms in the enhanced oil recovery (EOR) surfactant injection process, namely interface tension between oil and surfactant, emulsification, decreased interfacial tension and wettability. In the EOR process, the three-phase regions can be classified as type I, upper-phase emulsion, type II, lower-phase emulsion and type III, middle-phase microemulsion. In the middle-phase emulsion, some of the surfactant grains blend with part of the oil phase so that the interfacial tension in the area is reduced. The decrease in interface tension results in the oil being more mobile to produce. Thus, microemulsion is an important parameter in the enhanced oil recovery process.

The Evaluation of Surface Quality for Particular Parts of Forging Die

2015 ◽  
Vol 818 ◽  
pp. 268-271
Author(s):  
Peter Ižol ◽  
Jozef Beňo
Keyword(s):  
Tool Wear ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Surface Quality ◽  
The Other ◽  
Connecting Rod ◽  
Production Effectiveness ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Forging Die ◽  
Selection Of

Forming dies are often costly for producers and the cost amount is influenced by production process too. If the die is manufactured by machining, proper strategies would necessary to consider as well. The right selection of adequate strategy helps production times shortening, tool wear reducing and those affect production effectiveness. Used strategies and its parameters are often compromise between acceptable surface quality and variations in shape aside, and production time on the other side. The paper presents the way of evaluation of milling strategy based on selected elements of forming die. This allows choosing the adequate strategy for particular shapes of die and also to evaluate them by the reached surface quality. Presented approach is verified by machining forging die cavity for production of connecting rod.

Activity-Based Costing System for a Small Manufacturing Company

2011 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Januszewski
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Cost Calculation ◽  
Activity Based Costing ◽  
False Information ◽  
Direct Production ◽  
Costing System ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Selection Of

The selection of the right cost calculation method is of critical importance when it comes to determining the real product profitability (as well as clients and other calculation objects). Traditional cost calculation methods often provide false information. The literature offers many examples of big companies that have given up traditional methods and applied a new method: activity-based costing (ABC). They discovered that many products that are manufactured generate losses and not profits. Managers, based on incorrect calculations, mistakenly believed in the profitability of each product. Turney (1991) reports on an example of an American manufacturer of over 4,000 different integrated circuits. The cost calculation with the allocation of direct production costs as machinery-hour markup demonstrated a profit margin of over 26% for each product. Implementing ABC showed that the production of more than half of the products was not profitable, and having factored in additional sales and management costs (which accounted for about 40% of the total costs), it was as much as over 75%.

The Optimization of Mechanized Earthwork Processes

2016 ◽  
Vol 820 ◽  
pp. 96-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Paulovičová
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Decision Maker ◽  
Multicriteria Optimization ◽  
Optimization Process ◽  
Multicriteria Method ◽  
Wise Decision ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Selection Of

Earthwork processes are the most costly and time consuming component of construction these days and they are characterized by a powerful heavy mechanization which participate on the earthwork process. Current pressure for minimize the cost and maximize the productivity highlights the need to optimize earthworks. In this paper, the optimization process in the area of earthwork processes is described. The selection of the right types of machines for earthwork and its implements has become very difficult these days because of availability of variety of machines models and therefore a multicriteria method is presented to tackle the problem. This paper describes methodology for optimizing the earthwork process according to the selected optimal criteria. The methodology is focused on the proposal phase of optimization where the decision maker has to make a decision and choose the right type of excavators. To overcome the problem of comparing the chosen machines a mathematical modeling approach leading to multicriteria optimization was adopted to make the step wise decision. The methodology gives an mathematical models by which we can solve this problem.

Evolution of Drosophila insecticide resistance

Genome ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Morton
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Resistance Evolution ◽  
Target Molecules ◽  
Genetic Techniques ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

The impact of insecticide resistance is well documented. It includes the toxic effects of pesticides on the environment and the cost of the increased amounts of insecticides required to effectively control resistant insects. Resistance evolves by the selection of genes that confer tolerance to insecticides. Several resistance genes have been identified and cloned in Drosophila, including genes for mutant target molecules and genes that increase insecticide degradation. Drosophila is a useful system to understand the evolution of quantitative traits in general as well as the population genetics of insecticide resistance. Through it, we may hope to understand the relationship between discrete genetic change and continuously varying characters. In addition, molecular genetic techniques developed using Drosophila can eventually be transferred to other insects in order to help control pest populations.Key words: insecticide resistance, evolution of tolerance, selection of resistant genes, molecular genetics, Drosophila.

scholarly journals The Impact of Investment Decision and Funding on Financial Performance and Firm Value

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Hadi Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Firm Value ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Investment Decision ◽  
Investment Decisions ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

Managers who are responsible for the management of companies are faced with two important decisions - investment and funding. The right investment decisions and choice of funding sources are important because they affect the company's financial performance. The selection of the types of assets to be invested and the right types of financing sources result in optimal returns for the company. It reflects good company performance and future prospects. In addition, optimal return is a good sign for investors. Companies that perform well experience increase in the value of their firm. This study examined the effect of investment decisions and the selection of appropriate sources of funds on the performance of the company and the consequent impact on the firm value. The study was conducted in two parts. The first part examined the effect of investment decisions on long-term assets with long-term funding on the rate of return and firm value. The second part examined the effect of investment decisions on the company's short-term assets and funding for financial performance and firm value. The case study used in this research is a consumer goods sub-sector company listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the period 2010 to 2017. Path analysis is the data analysis tools that was used. The results of data analysis showed that the asset structure has an effect on financial performance and firm value. The capital structure affects the financial performance but does not affect the firm value of the company. Financial performance was measured by ROI.

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