PpNAC187 enhances lignin synthesis in ‘Whangkeumbae’ pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) ‘hard-end’ fruit

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingtong Li ◽  
Chenxia Cheng ◽  
Xinfu Zhang ◽  
Suping Zhou ◽  
Caihong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Tobacco ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Lignin Biosynthesis ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Pathway ◽  
Pyrus Pyrifolia ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Pear Fruit ◽  
Nac Transcription Factors ◽  
Vessel Elements ◽  
Leaf Tissues

Abstract Background: A disorder in pears known as ‘hard-end’ fruit affects the appearance, edible quality, and market value of pear fruit. To explore the mechanism underlying the formation of hard-end, RNA-Seq was carried out on the calyx end of ‘Whangkeumbae’ pear fruit with and without the hard-end symptom. Result: Results indicated that genes in the phenylpropanoid pathway affecting lignification were up-regulated in hard-end fruit. An analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified three NAC transcription factors, and RT-qPCR analysis of PpNAC138, PpNAC186 and PpNAC187 confirmed that PpNAC187 gene expression was correlated with the hard-end disorder in pear fruit. A transient increase in PpNAC187 was observed in the calyx end of ‘Whangkeumbae’ fruit when they began to exhibit hard-end symptom. Concomitantly, the higher level of PpCCR, Pp4CL and PpCOMT transcripts was observed; which are the key genes in lignin biosynthesis. Notably, lignin content in the stem and leaf tissues of transgenic tobacco overexpressing PpNAC187 was significantly higher than in control plants transformed with an empty vector. Furthermore, transgenic tobacco overexpressing PpNAC187 had a larger number of xylem vessel elements. Conclusion: The results of this study confirmed that PpNAC187 functions in inducing lignification in pear fruit during the development of the hard-end disorder.

scholarly journals PpNAC187 Enhances Lignin Synthesis in ‘Whangkeumbae’ Pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) ‘Hard-End’ Fruit

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (23) ◽  
pp. 4338
Author(s):  
Mingtong Li ◽  
Chenxia Cheng ◽  
Xinfu Zhang ◽  
Suping Zhou ◽  
Caihong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Tobacco ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Lignin Biosynthesis ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Pathway ◽  
Pyrus Pyrifolia ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Pear Fruit ◽  
Nac Transcription Factors ◽  
Vessel Elements ◽  
Leaf Tissues

A disorder in pears that is known as ‘hard-end’ fruit affects the appearance, edible quality, and market value of pear fruit. RNA-Seq was carried out on the calyx end of ‘Whangkeumbae’ pear fruit with and without the hard-end symptom to explore the mechanism underlying the formation of hard-end. The results indicated that the genes in the phenylpropanoid pathway affecting lignification were up-regulated in hard-end fruit. An analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified three NAC transcription factors, and RT-qPCR analysis of PpNAC138, PpNAC186, and PpNAC187 confirmed that PpNAC187 gene expression was correlated with the hard-end disorder in pear fruit. A transient increase in PpNAC187 was observed in the calyx end of ‘Whangkeumbae’ fruit when they began to exhibit hard-end symptom. Concomitantly, the higher level of PpCCR and PpCOMT transcripts was observed, which are the key genes in lignin biosynthesis. Notably, lignin content in the stem and leaf tissues of transgenic tobacco overexpressing PpNAC187 was significantly higher than in the control plants that were transformed with an empty vector. Furthermore, transgenic tobacco overexpressing PpNAC187 had a larger number of xylem vessel elements. The results of this study confirmed that PpNAC187 functions in inducing lignification in pear fruit during the development of the hard-end disorder.

scholarly journals Overexpression of Pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) CAD2 in Tomato Affects Lignin Content

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (14) ◽  
pp. 2595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingtong Li ◽  
Chenxia Cheng ◽  
Xinfu Zhang ◽  
Suping Zhou ◽  
Lixia Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Content ◽  
Lignin Biosynthesis ◽  
Cinnamyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Transformation Method ◽  
Transgenic Tomato ◽  
Pyrus Pyrifolia ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
Transgenic Tomato Plants ◽  
Vessel Elements

PpCAD2 was originally isolated from the ‘Wangkumbae’ pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai), and it encodes for cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD), which is a key enzyme in the lignin biosynthesis pathway. In order to verify the function of PpCAD2, transgenic tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) ‘Micro-Tom’ plants were generated using over-expression constructs via the agrobacterium-mediated transformation method. The results showed that the PpCAD2 over-expression transgenic tomato plant had a strong growth vigor. Furthermore, these PpCAD2 over-expression transgenic tomato plants contained a higher lignin content and CAD enzymatic activity in the stem, leaf and fruit pericarp tissues, and formed a greater number of vessel elements in the stem and leaf vein, compared to wild type tomato plants. This study clearly indicated that overexpressing PpCAD2 increased the lignin deposition of transgenic tomato plants, and thus validated the function of PpCAD2 in lignin biosynthesis.

Homeostatic regulation of flavonoid and lignin biosynthesis in phenylpropanoid pathway of transgenic tobacco

Gene ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 146017
Author(s):  
Jiewei Shi ◽  
Xu Yan ◽  
Tingting Sun ◽  
Yuxiao Shen ◽  
Qi Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Tobacco ◽  
Lignin Biosynthesis ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Pathway ◽  
Homeostatic Regulation

Perturbation of lignin biosynthesis pathway in Brassica napus (canola) plants using RNAi

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. -S. Bhinu ◽  
R. Li ◽  
J. Huang ◽  
S. Kaminskyj ◽  
A. Sharpe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Lignin Biosynthesis ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Transgenic Seeds ◽  
Vessel Elements ◽  
Negative Effect

Brassica napus meal contains high levels of lignin, which is one of the most important compositional factors affecting feed utilization by ruminants. We attempted to modify the concentration and composition of lignin in B. napus plants using the RNAi approach. Four genes were targeted for silencing by this approach either independently or in combination; caffeic acid O-methyltransferase (COMT), cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H); coumarate 3-hydroxylase (C3H); ferulic acid 5-hydroxylase (F5H). We successfully developed transgenic B. napus lines expressing CaMV35S:C3H-C4H RNAi, CaMV35S:F5H-COMT RNAi, and Cruciferin:COMT RNAi that contained up to 40% less seed lignin in the transgenic seeds compared to the control. Despite successfully achieving suppression of these lignin biosynthesis genes and reduction in lignin content in B. napus seeds, we observed minor phenotypic effects on the transgenic plants. In lines carrying the cruciferin:COMT RNAi construct we observed a decrease in lignin content (40%) in the seed and anatomical variations when stem sections were examined. While our silencing had no major negative effect on plant growth it resulted in deformation of vessel elements, and minor changes in S-units. Taken together, these results clearly show that by employing RNAi strategy, it is possible to alter seed lignin content and composition in a manner non-detrimental to B. napus plants.Key words: Brassica napus, cruciferin, lignin, COMT, RNAi

scholarly journals Expression of three phenylpropanoid pathway genes in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in open-pollinated families with differing relative wood densities during early and late wood formation

2015 ◽  
Vol 64 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 148-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kanberga-Silina ◽  
A. Jansons ◽  
Dainis Rungis
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Lignin Biosynthesis ◽  
Wood Formation ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Pathway ◽  
Structural Development ◽  
Late Wood ◽  
Forestry Production

Abstract Wood volume and quality are the most important aspects of commercial forestry production, and studies of wood formation are important in order to increase the value and efficiency of forestry production. The phenylpropanoid pathway produces various compounds with diverse functions both for plant defence against biotic and abiotic stress as well as structural development. One of the main roles is monolignol production for lignin biosynthesis, which is a crucial aspect of wood formation. For this study three candidate genes involved in lignin biosynthesis were selected: phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL1), cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) and cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR). Candidate gene expression was analysed in selected individuals with high and low wood density from open-pollinated Scots pine families during early wood (EW) and late wood (LW) formation and correlation between expression of these genes, total lignin content, and wood density was determined. Wood density values for analysed trees were similar within tree families but differed significantly between families with high and low wood density (p=1,06E-20). Wood density was slightly negatively correlated with lignin content (r=-0.36, p=0.038), but only in individuals in the high density wood group. In trees with low wood density, expression of the CAD gene was significantly lower in late wood formation compared to early wood (p=0.00179). In trees with high wood density, expression of the PAL1 gene was five times higher during early wood formation compared to late wood formation. A positive correlation was detected between PAL1 and CCR gene expression during early wood formation (r=0.804) and late wood formation (r=0.466).

scholarly journals Proline improves switchgrass growth and development by reduced lignin biosynthesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cong Guan ◽  
Hui-Fang Cen ◽  
Xin Cui ◽  
Dan-Yang Tian ◽  
Dimiru Tadesse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Lignin Biosynthesis ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Stunted Growth ◽  
Group I ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Group Ii

AbstractTransgenic switchgrass overexpressing Lolium perenne L. delta1-pyrroline 5-carboxylate synthase (LpP5CS) in group I (TG4 and TG6 line) and group II (TG1 and TG2 line) had significant P5CS and ProDH enzyme activities, with group I plants (TG4 and TG6) having higher P5CS and lower ProDH enzyme activity, while group II plants had higher ProDH and lower P5CS enzyme activity. We found group II transgenic plants showed stunted growth, and the changed proline content in overexpressing transgenic plants may influence the growth and development in switchgrass. RNA-seq analysis showed that KEGG enrichment included phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway among group I, group II and WT plants, and the expression levels of genes related to lignin biosynthesis were significantly up-regulated in group II. We also found that lignin content in group II transgenic plants was higher than that in group I and WT plants, suggesting that increased lignin content may suppress switchgrass growth and development. This study uncover that proline can appropriately reduce lignin biosynthesis to improve switchgrass growth and development. Therefore, appropriate reduction in lignin content and increase in biomass are important for bioenergy crop to lower processing costs for biomass fermentation-derived fuels.

scholarly journals Response of Fruit Bagging to Lignin Biosynthesis and Expression of Related Genes in Fruit Peel of Sand Pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) cv. Cuiguan

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 1989-1997
Author(s):  
Chun-hui Shi ◽  
Xiao-qing Wang ◽  
Xue-ying Zhang ◽  
Lian-ying Shen ◽  
Jun Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Content ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Lignin Biosynthesis ◽  
Cinnamyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Pyrus Pyrifolia ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Lignin Synthesis ◽  
Yellow Orange ◽  
Coa Reductase

This study explored the effects of different colored bags (blue, green, white, yellow, orange, and red) on russet deposition on the peel of semi-russet ‘Cuiguan’ pears 10 days after full bloom (DAFB). The process of russeting of the peel and structure of the cork layer were characterized by microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), followed by the detection of lignin and the activity of enzymes involved in lignin synthesis. The expression of cinnamate-4-hydroxylase, 4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase, cinnamoyl-CoA reductase, and peroxidase, which were related to phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, was determined via real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Russeting of the outer peel of ‘Cuiguan’ pear accumulated rapidly at 80 DAFB, and a positive relationship between the russet index and lignin content was observed. Red and infrared (IR) ray, partial far-IR light (600–800 nm), and ultraviolet-A light (350–400 nm) promoted russeting in ‘Cuiguan’ pear peel, whereas green light decreased russeting, the russet index, enzymatic activities, and the expression levels of enzymes involved in lignin synthesis. Values of all these factors were higher for ‘Cuiguan’ pears in red bags than for those in bags of other colors. These findings suggested that spectral components affected the synthesis of lignin and the formation of fruit russet. Storage in green bags reduced russeting and improved fruit appearance.

scholarly journals Relationship between the Phenylpropanoid Pathway and Dwarfism of Paspalum seashore Based on RNA-Seq and iTRAQ

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (17) ◽  
pp. 9568
Author(s):  
Yong Zhang ◽  
Jun Liu ◽  
Jingjin Yu ◽  
Huangwei Zhang ◽  
Zhimin Yang
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Pathway ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Dwarf Phenotype ◽  
Seashore Paspalum ◽  
Differential Expression Pattern ◽  
Key Genes

Seashore paspalum is a major warm-season turfgrass requiring frequent mowing. The use of dwarf cultivars with slow growth is a promising method to decrease mowing frequency. The present study was conducted to provide an in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanism of T51 dwarfing in the phenylpropane pathway and to screen the key genes related to dwarfing. For this purpose, we obtained transcriptomic information based on RNA-Seq and proteomic information based on iTRAQ for the dwarf mutant T51 of seashore paspalum. The combined results of transcriptomic and proteomic analysis were used to identify the differential expression pattern of genes at the translational and transcriptional levels. A total of 8311 DEGs were detected at the transcription level, of which 2540 were upregulated and 5771 were downregulated. Based on the transcripts, 2910 proteins were identified using iTRAQ, of which 392 (155 upregulated and 237 downregulated) were DEPs. The phenylpropane pathway was found to be significantly enriched at both the transcriptional and translational levels. Combined with the decrease in lignin content and the increase in flavonoid content in T51, we found that the dwarf phenotype of T51 is closely related to the abnormal synthesis of lignin and flavonoids in the phenylpropane pathway. CCR and HCT may be the key genes for T51 dwarf. This study provides the basis for further study on the dwarfing mechanism of seashore paspalum. The screening of key genes lays a foundation for further studies on the molecular mechanism of seashore paspalum dwarfing.

scholarly journals The regulation of cell wall lignification and lignin biosynthesis during pigmentation of winter jujube

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiong Zhang ◽  
Lihu Wang ◽  
Zhongtang Wang ◽  
Rentang Zhang ◽  
Ping Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Lignin Biosynthesis ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Nac Transcription Factors ◽  
Safranin O ◽  
Lignin Deposition ◽  
Lignin Biosynthetic Pathway

AbstractFruit lignification is due to lignin deposition in the cell wall during cell development. However, there are few studies on the regulation of cell wall lignification and lignin biosynthesis during fruit pigmentation. In this study, we investigated the regulation of cell wall lignification and lignin biosynthesis during pigmentation of winter jujube. The cellulose content decreased, while the lignin content increased in the winter jujube pericarp during pigmentation. Safranin O-fast green staining showed that the cellulose content was higher in the cell wall of winter jujube prior to pigmentation, whereas the lignin in the cell wall increased after pigmentation. The thickness of the epidermal cells decreased with pericarp pigmentation. A combined metabolomics and transcriptomics analysis showed that guaiacyl-syringyl (G-S) lignin was the main lignin type in the pericarp of winter jujube, and F5H (LOC107424406) and CCR (LOC107420974) were preliminarily identified as the key genes modulating lignin biosynthesis in winter jujube. Seventeen MYB and six NAC transcription factors (TFs) with potential regulation of lignin biosynthesis were screened out based on phylogenetic analysis. Three MYB and two NAC TFs were selected as candidate genes and further studied in detail. Arabidopsis ectopic expression and winter jujube pericarp injection of the candidate genes indicated that the MYB activator (LOC107425254) and the MYB repressor (LOC107415078) control lignin biosynthesis by regulating CCR and F5H, while the NAC (LOC107435239) TF promotes F5H expression and positively regulates lignin biosynthesis. These findings revealed the lignin biosynthetic pathway and associated genes during pigmentation of winter jujube pericarp and provide a basis for further research on lignin regulation.

scholarly journals A systems genetics approach reveals PbrNSC as a regulator of lignin and cellulose biosynthesis in stone cells of pear fruit

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Runze Wang ◽  
Yongsong Xue ◽  
Jing Fan ◽  
Jia-Long Yao ◽  
Mengfan Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Cell Formation ◽  
Systems Genetics ◽  
Pyrus Pyrifolia ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Pear Fruit ◽  
Stone Cell ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Gene Regulatory

Abstract Background Stone cells in fruits of pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) negatively influence fruit quality because their lignified cell walls impart a coarse and granular texture to the fruit flesh. Results We generate RNA-seq data from the developing fruits of 206 pear cultivars with a wide range of stone cell contents and use a systems genetics approach to integrate co-expression networks and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) to characterize the regulatory mechanisms controlling lignocellulose formation in the stone cells of pear fruits. Our data with a total of 35,897 expressed genes and 974,404 SNPs support the identification of seven stone cell formation modules and the detection of 139,515 eQTLs for 3229 genes in these modules. Focusing on regulatory factors and using a co-expression network comprising 39 structural genes, we identify PbrNSC as a candidate regulator of stone cell formation. We then verify the function of PbrNSC in regulating lignocellulose formation using both pear fruit and Arabidopsis plants and further show that PbrNSC can transcriptionally activate multiple target genes involved in secondary cell wall formation. Conclusions This study generates a large resource for studying stone cell formation and provides insights into gene regulatory networks controlling the formation of stone cell and lignocellulose.

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