scholarly journals Increasing multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Ho Chi Minh City: a retrospective study of 2,266 cases from 2011 to 2015

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Hong Van ◽  
Phan Trieu Phu ◽  
Dao Nguyen Vinh ◽  
Vo Thanh Son ◽  
Nguyen Thi Hanh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Poor Treatment ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Poor Outcomes ◽  
Poor Treatment Outcome

Abstract Background: Multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) remains a serious public health problem with poor treatment outcome. Predictors of poor outcomes vary in different regions. Vietnam is among the 30 countries with high burden of MDR-TB. We aim to describe demographic characteristics and identify risk factors for poor outcome of MDR-TB in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), the most populous city in Vietnam. Methods: This retrospective study included 2,266 patients who initiated MDR-TB treatment from 2011 to 2015 in HCMC. Treatment outcomes were available in 2,240 patients. Data was collected from standardized paper-based treatment cards and electronic records. Kruskal Wallis test was used to diagnose the change of median of age and body mass index (BMI) over 5 years, and Wilcoxon test to compare median BMI of patients with and without diabetes mellitus. Chi squared test was used to compare categorical variables. Multivariate logistic regression on multiple imputation was used to identify risk factors for poor outcomes. Statistical analysis was performed using R program. Results: Among 2,266 eligible cases, 60.2% were failure of category I or II regimen, 57.7% were underweight, 30.2% had diabetes mellitus and 9.6% were HIV positive. Notification rate increased 24.7% from 2011 to 2015.Treatment success rate was 73.3%. Risk factors for poor treatment outcome included HIV co-infection (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 2.94), advanced age (aOR: 1.45 for every increase of 5 years for patients 60 years or older), having history of MDR-TB treatment (aOR: 5.53), sputum smear grade scanty and 1+ (aOR: 1.47), smear grade 2+ or 3+ (aOR: 2.06), low BMI (aOR: 0.83 for every increase of 1kg/m2 of BMI for patients with BMI<21). Conclusion: Our study describes the increasing cases of MDR-TB in HCMC during 2011 to 2015. Patients with HIV, high smear grade, malnutrition and history of previous MDR-TB treatment should receive additional care. Keywords: multidrug resistant tuberculosis; retrospective; treatment outcome; risk factors; Vietnam

scholarly journals Risk factors for poor treatment outcomes of 2,266 multidrug-resistant tuberculosis cases in Ho Chi Minh City: a retrospective study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Hong Van ◽  
Phan Trieu Phu ◽  
Dao Nguyen Vinh ◽  
Vo Thanh Son ◽  
Nguyen Thi Hanh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Poor Treatment ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
History Of ◽  
Poor Outcomes ◽  
Poor Treatment Outcome

Abstract Background: Multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) remains a serious public health problem with poor treatment outcomes. Predictors of poor outcomes vary in different regions. Vietnam is among the top 30 high burden of MDR-TB countries. We describe demographic characteristics and identify risk factors for poor outcome among patients with MDR-TB in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), the most populous city in Vietnam.Methods: This retrospective study included 2,266 patients who initiated MDR-TB treatment between 2011-2015 in HCMC. Treatment outcomes were available for 2,240 patients. Data was collected from standardized paper-based treatment cards and electronic records. A Kruskal Wallis test was used to assess changes in median age and body mass index (BMI) over time, and a Wilcoxon test was used to compare the median BMI of patients with and without diabetes mellitus. Chi squared test was used to compare categorical variables. Multivariate logistic regression with multiple imputation for missing data was used to identify risk factors for poor outcomes. Statistical analysis was performed using R program.Results: Among 2,266 eligible cases, 60.2% had failed on a category I or II treatment regimen, 57.7% were underweight, 30.2% had diabetes mellitus and 9.6% were HIV positive. The notification rate increased 24.7% from 2011-2015. The treatment success rate was 73.3%. Risk factors for poor treatment outcome included HIV co-infection (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 2.94), advanced age (aOR: 1.45 for every increase of 5 years for patients 60 years or older), having history of MDR-TB treatment (aOR: 5.53), sputum smear grade scanty or 1+ (aOR: 1.47), smear grade 2+ or 3+ (aOR: 2.06), low BMI (aOR: 0.83 for every increase of 1kg/m2 of BMI for patients with BMI<21).Conclusion: The number of patients diagnosed with MDR-TB in HCMC increased by almost a quarter between 2011-2015. Patients with HIV, high smear grade, malnutrition or a history of previous MDR-TB treatment are at greatest risk of poor treatment outcome.

scholarly journals Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Ho Chi Minh City: a retrospective study of 2,267 cases from 2011 to 2015

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Hong Van ◽  
Phan Trieu Phu ◽  
Dao Nguyen Vinh ◽  
Vo Thanh Son ◽  
Nguyen Thi Hanh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Poor Treatment ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
History Of ◽  
Poor Treatment Outcome

Abstract Background Multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) remains a serious public health problem with poor treatment outcome. Predictors of poor outcomes vary in different health-care settings. Vietnam is among the 30 countries with high burden of MDR-TB. We aim to describe demographic characteristics and identify risk factors for poor outcome of MDR-TB in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), the most populous city in Vietnam. Methods This retrospective study included 2,267 patients who initiated MDR-TB treatment from 2011 to 2015 in HCMC. Treatment outcomes were available in 2,241 patients. Data was collected from standardized paper-based treatment cards and electronic records. Statistical analysis was performed using R program. Results Among 2,267 eligible cases, 60.2% were failure of category I or II regimen, 57.7% were underweight, 30.2% had diabetes mellitus and 9.6% were HIV positive. Notification rate increased 24.7% from 2011 to 2015.Treatment success rate was 73.3%. Risk factors for poor treatment outcome included HIV co-infection (odds ratio (OR): 2.92), advanced age (OR: 1.47 for every increase of 5 years for patients older than 60), having history of MDR-TB treatment (OR: 5.65), sputum smear grade scanty and 1+ (OR: 1.48), smear grade 2+ or 3+ (OR: 2.07), low BMI (OR: 0.84 for every increase of 1kg/m2 of BMI for patients with BMI<21). Conclusion Our study describes the increasing burden of MDR-TB in HCMC and the need for better drug resistance screening for all TB patients. Patients with HIV, high smear grade, malnutrition and history of previous MDR-TB treatment should receive additional care.

scholarly journals Risk factors for poor treatment outcomes of 2,266 multidrug-resistant tuberculosis cases in Ho Chi Minh City: a retrospective study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Hong Van ◽  
Phan Trieu Phu ◽  
Dao Nguyen Vinh ◽  
Vo Thanh Son ◽  
Nguyen Thi Hanh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Poor Treatment ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
History Of ◽  
Poor Outcomes ◽  
Poor Treatment Outcome

Abstract Background: Multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) remains a serious public health problem with poor treatment outcomes. Predictors of poor outcomes vary in different regions. Vietnam is among the top 30 high burden of MDR-TB countries. We describe demographic characteristics and identify risk factors for poor outcome among patients with MDR-TB in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), the most populous city in Vietnam. Methods: This retrospective study included 2,266 patients who initiated MDR-TB treatment between 2011-2015 in HCMC. Treatment outcomes were available for 2,240 patients. Data was collected from standardized paper-based treatment cards and electronic records. A Kruskal Wallis test was used to assess changes in median age and body mass index (BMI) over time, and a Wilcoxon test was used to compare the median BMI of patients with and without diabetes mellitus. Chi squared test was used to compare categorical variables. Multivariate logistic regression with multiple imputation for missing data was used to identify risk factors for poor outcomes. Statistical analysis was performed using R program. Results: Among 2,266 eligible cases, 60.2% had failed on a category I or II treatment regimen, 57.7% were underweight, 30.2% had diabetes mellitus and 9.6% were HIV positive. The notification rate increased 24.7% from 2011-2015. The treatment success rate was 73.3%. Risk factors for poor treatment outcome included HIV co-infection (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 2.94), advanced age (aOR: 1.45 for every increase of 5 years for patients 60 years or older), having history of MDR-TB treatment (aOR: 5.53), sputum smear grade scanty or 1+ (aOR: 1.47), smear grade 2+ or 3+ (aOR: 2.06), low BMI (aOR: 0.83 for every increase of 1kg/m2 of BMI for patients with BMI<21). Conclusion: The number of patients diagnosed with MDR-TB in HCMC increased by almost a quarter between 2011-2015. Patients with HIV, high smear grade, malnutrition or a history of previous MDR-TB treatment are at greatest risk of poor treatment outcome.

scholarly journals Key factors influencing multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in patients under anti-tuberculosis treatment in two centres in Burundi: a mixed effect modelling study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnaud Iradukunda ◽  
Gabin-Pacifique Ndayishimiye ◽  
Darlene Sinarinzi ◽  
Emmanuel Nene Odjidja ◽  
Nestor Ntakaburimvo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Mdr Tb

Abstract Background Despite the World Health Organization efforts to expand access to the tuberculosis treatment, multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) remains a major threat. MDR-TB represents a challenge for clinicians and staff operating in national tuberculosis (TB) programmes/centres. In sub-Saharan African countries including Burundi, MDR-TB coexists with high burden of other communicable and non-communicable diseases, creating a complex public health situation which is difficult to address. Tackling this will require targeted public health intervention based on evidence which well defines the at-risk population. In this study, using data from two referral anti-tuberculosis in Burundi, we model the key factors associated with MDR-TB in Burundi. Methods A case-control study was conducted from 1stAugust 2019 to 15th January 2020 in Kibumbu Sanatorium and Bujumbura anti-tuberculosis centres for cases and controls respectively. In all, 180 TB patients were selected, comprising of 60 cases and 120 controls using incidence density selection method. The associated factors were carried out by mixed effect logistic regression. Model performance was assessed by the Area under Curve (AUC). Model was internally validated via bootstrapping with 2000 replications. All analysis were done using R Statistical 3.5.0. Results MDR-TB was more identified among patients who lived in rural areas (51.3%), in patients’ residence (69.2%) and among those with a household size of six or more family members (59.5%). Most of the MDR-TB cases had already been under TB treatment (86.4%), had previous contact with an MDR-TR case (85.0%), consumed tobacco (55.5%) and were diabetic (66.6 %). HIV prevalence was 32.3 % in controls and 67.7 % among cases. After modelling using mixed effects, Residence of patients (aOR= 1.31, 95%C: 1.12-1.80), living in houses with more than 6 family members (aOR= 4.15, 95% C: 3.06-5.39), previous close contact with MDR-TB (aOR= 6.03, 95% C: 4.01-8.12), history of TB treatment (aOR= 2.16, 95% C: 1.06-3.42), tobacco consumption (aOR = 3.17 ,95% C: 2.06-5.45) and underlying diabetes’ ( aOR= 4.09,95% CI = 2.01-16.79) were significantly associated with MDR-TB. With 2000 stratified bootstrap replicates, the model had an excellent predictive performance, accurately predicting 88.15% (95% C: 82.06%-92.8%) of all observations. The coexistence of risk factors to the same patients increases the risk of MDR-TB occurrence. TB patients with no any risk factors had 17.6% of risk to become MDR-TB. That probability was respectively three times and five times higher among diabetic and close contact MDR-TB patients. Conclusion The relatively high TB’s prevalence and MDR-TB occurrence in Burundi raises a cause for concern especially in this context where there exist an equally high burden of chronic diseases including malnutrition. Targeting interventions based on these identified risk factors will allow judicious channel of resources and effective public health planning.

scholarly journals Different profiles of body mass index evolutions among patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: a retrospective cohort study.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alhassane Diallo ◽  
Boubacar Djelo Diallo ◽  
Lansana Mady Camara ◽  
Lucrèce Ahouéfa Nadège Kounoudji ◽  
Boubacar Bah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
The Body ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Mdr Tb

Abstract Background Despite the predictor role of the body weight variation on multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) treatment outcome, little data are available to corroborate this finding. We aimed to study the course of weight in patients with MDR-TB, to identify subgroups of weight evolutions, and to determine factors that influence these evolutions.Methods Patients treated with a shorter MDR-TB treatment regimen between June 07, 2016 and June 22, 2018 from three major drug-resistance TB centres in Guinea, who had rifampicin resistance, and who were cured or died were analysed. Patients were seen monthly until the end of treatment. Clinical outcome was the Body Mass Index (BMI). We used a linear mixed model to analyze the course of BMI and a latent class mixed model to identify subgroup of BMI evolutions.Results Of 232 patients treated for MDR-TB during the study period, 165 (71%) were analysed. These patients had a total of 1387 visits, with a median of 5 visits (interquartile range, 3 – 8 visits). Monthly BMI increase was 0.24 (SE 0.02) per kg/m 2 . Factors that associated with faster BMI progression were cured to MDR-TB treatment (0.24 [SE 0.09] per kg/m 2 ; p = 0.0205), and the absence of lung cavities on X-ray (0.18 [0.06] per kg/m 2 ; p = 0.0068). Two subgroups of BMI evolution were identified: “Rapid BMI (n = 121; 85%) and “Slow BMI evolution (n = 22; 15%). Patients in the slow increasing BMI group were mostly female (68%) without history of TB treatment (41%) with most severe clinical condition at baseline, characterized by a higher frequency of symptoms including HIV infection (59%), depression (18%), dyspnea (68%), poor adherence to MDR-TB treatment (64%), lower platelets count, and higher liver SGOT count. These patients had also a longer time to-initial culture conversion delay (log-rank test: p = 0.0087).Conclusion The available data provide quantitative information on BMI progression of patients with MDR-TB treated with a shorter regimen, and allowed the identification of the subgroup of patients with different BMI evolutions. Furthermore, they emphasize the usefulness of BMI as biomarker to monitor MDR-TB treatment outcome.

scholarly journals Assessment of the risk factors associated with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Sudan: a case-control study

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. e2019014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adel Hussein Elduma ◽  
Mohammad Ali Mansournia ◽  
Abbas Rahimi Foroushani ◽  
Hamdan Mustafa Hamdan Ali ◽  
Asrar M A Salam Elegail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Water Pipe ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Control Study

OBJECTIVES: The emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a major challenge for the global control of tuberculosis (TB). The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors associated with MDR-TB in Sudan.METHODS: This case-control study was conducted from May 2017 to February 2019. Patients newly diagnosed with MDR-TB were selected as cases, and controls were selected from TB patients who responded to first-line anti-TB drugs. A questionnaire was designed and used to collect data from study participants. Logistic regression was used to evaluate associations between risk factors and MDR-TB infection. The best multivariate model was selected based on the likelihood ratio test.RESULTS: A total of 430 cases and 860 controls were selected for this study. A history of previous TB treatment (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 54.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 30.48 to 98.69) was strongly associated with MDR-TB infection. We identified interruption of TB treatment (aOR, 7.62; 95% CI, 3.16 to 18.34), contact with MDR-TB patients (aOR, 5.40; 95% CI, 2.69 to 10.74), lower body weight (aOR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.87 to 0.91), and water pipe smoking (aOR, 3.23; 95% CI, 1.73 to 6.04) as factors associated with MDR-TB infection.CONCLUSIONS: Previous TB treatment and interruption of TB treatment were found to be the main predictors of MDR-TB. Additionally, this study found that contact with MDR-TB patients and water pipe smoking were associated with MDR-TB infection in Sudan. More efforts are required to decrease the rate of treatment interruption, to strengthen patients’ adherence to treatment, and to reduce contact with MDR-TB patients.

scholarly journals Active surveillance for adverse events in patients on longer treatment regimens for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Viet Nam

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0255357
Author(s):  
Nguyen Bao Ngoc ◽  
Hoa Vu Dinh ◽  
Nguyen Thi Thuy ◽  
Duong Van Quang ◽  
Cao Thi Thu Huyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Bayesian Model Averaging ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Mdr Tb

Objective Management of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a significant challenge to the global healthcare system due to the complexity and long duration of the MDR-TB treatment. This study analyzed the safety of patients on longer injectable-based MDR-TB treatment regimens using active pharmacovigilance data. Method We conducted an observational, prospective study based on active pharmacovigilance within the national TB program. A total of 659 MDR-TB patients were enrolled and followed up at 9 TB- hospitals in 9 provinces of all 3 regions in Vietnam between 2014 and 2016. Patients received a treatment regimen (standardized or individualized) based on their drug susceptibility test result and their treatment history. Baseline and follow-up information was collected at the start and during treatment. Adverse events (AE) were defined and classified as serious adverse events (SAEs) or otherwise. Multivariate Cox regression following the Iterative Bayesian Model Averaging algorithm was performed to identify factors associated with AE occurrence. Results Out of 659 patients assessed, 71.3% experienced at least one AE, and 17.5% suffered at least one SAE. The most common AEs were gastrointestinal disorders (38.5%), arthralgia (34.7%), and psychiatric disorders (30.0%). The proportion of patients with nephrotoxicity and hearing loss or vestibular disorders were 7.4% and 15.2%, respectively. 13.1% of patients required modifications or interruption of one or more drugs. In 77.7% of patients, treatment was completed successfully, while 9.3% lost to follow-up, in 3.0% treatment failed, and 7.4% died. Some significant risk factors for nephrotoxicity included diabetes mellitus (HR = 8.46 [1.91–37.42]), renal dysfunction (HR = 8.46 [1.91–37.42]), alcoholism (HR = 13.28 [5.04–34.99]), and a higher average daily dose of injectable drugs (HR = 1.28 [1.14–1.43]). Conclusion While a majority of patients on the longer injectable-based regimens experienced non-serious AEs during MDR-TB treatment, one in six patients experienced at least an SAE. Active TB drug-safety monitoring is useful to understand the safety of MDR-TB treatment and explore the risk factors for toxicity. All-oral, shorter MDR-TB regimens might be able to reduce the inconvenience, discomfort, and toxicity of such regimens and increase adherence and likelihood of successful completion.

scholarly journals Different profiles of body mass index variation among patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: a retrospective cohort study.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alhassane Diallo ◽  
Boubacar Djelo Diallo ◽  
Lansana Mady Camara ◽  
Lucrèce Ahouéfa Nadège Kounoudji ◽  
Boubacar Bah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
Mdr Tb

Abstract Background: Despite the predictive role of body weight variation in treatment outcome in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), few corroborating data are available. We studied weight variation in patients with MDR-TB to identify groups of weight change and to determine factors that influence these changes. Methods: We analyzed patients with rifampicin resistance who were treated with an MDR-TB treatment regimen between June 07, 2016 and June 22, 2018 at three major drug-resistant TB centers in Guinea. Patients were seen monthly until the end of treatment. Clinical outcome was the body mass index (BMI). We used a linear mixed model to analyze trajectories of BMI and a latent class mixed model to identify groups of BMI trajectories. Results: Of 232 patients treated for MDR-TB during the study period, 165 were analyzed. These patients had a total of 1387 visits, with a median of 5 visits (interquartile range, 3 – 8 visits). Monthly BMI increase was 0.24 (SE 0.02) per kg/m 2 . Factors associated with faster BMI progression were success of MDR-TB treatment (0.24 [SE 0.09] per kg/m 2 ; p = 0.0205) and absence of lung cavities on X-ray (0.18 [0.06] per kg/m 2 ; p = 0.0068). Two groups of BMI change were identified: rapid BMI increase (n = 121; 85%) and slow BMI increase (n = 22; 15%). Patients in the slow BMI increase group were mostly female (68%) had no history of TB treatment (41%), had a positive HIV infection (59%), and had a more severe clinical condition at baseline, characterized by a higher frequency of symptoms including depression (18%), dyspnea (68%), poor adherence to MDR-TB treatment (64%), lower platelet count, and higher SGOT. These patients also had a longer time to initial culture conversion (log-rank test: p = 0.0087). Conclusion: Quantitative BMI data on patients with MDR-TB treated with a short regimen allowed the identification of subgroups of patients with different trajectories of BMI and emphasized the usefulness of BMI as a biomarker for the monitoring of MDR-TB treatment outcome.

scholarly journals Clofazimine as a Treatment for Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Rhea Veda Nugraha ◽  
Vycke Yunivita ◽  
Prayudi Santoso ◽  
Rob E. Aarnoutse ◽  
Rovina Ruslami
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Repurposed Drugs ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Poor Outcomes ◽  
Group B

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis which is resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampicin. This disease is a worldwide threat and complicates the control of tuberculosis (TB). Long treatment duration, a combination of several drugs, and the adverse effects of these drugs are the factors that play a role in the poor outcomes of MDR-TB patients. There have been many studies with repurposed drugs to improve MDR-TB outcomes, including clofazimine. Clofazimine recently moved from group 5 to group B of drugs that are used to treat MDR-TB. This drug belongs to the riminophenazine class, which has lipophilic characteristics and was previously discovered to treat TB and approved for leprosy. This review discusses the role of clofazimine as a treatment component in patients with MDR-TB, and the drug’s properties. In addition, we discuss the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of clofazimine for treating MDR-TB. This study concludes that the clofazimine-containing regimen has better efficacy compared with the standard one and is also well-tolerated. Clofazimine has the potential to shorten the duration of MDR-TB treatment.

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