scholarly journals Elevated total bile acid levels during late pregnancy are associated with the risk of small-for-gestational-age infants

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Li ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Xin-Xin Qin ◽  
Li Ma ◽  
Zhi-Bing Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Total Bile Acid ◽  
Chest Circumference ◽  
Birth Length

Abstract Background Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is common in pregnant women and is diagnosed by detecting serum total bile acid (TBA) levels. We aimed to investigate the association between serum total bile acid (TBA) levels during late pregnancy and the incidence of small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants in a Chinese population.Methods The present study was a retrospective cohort study that included 11811 eligible mother-and-singleton-offspring pairs. The correlations between TBA levels and birth sizes, including birth weight, birth length, head circumference and chest circumference, were explored. The relative risk (RR) with 95%CI for SGA infants were estimated among subjects with ICP by multiple logistic regression analysis.Results Serum TBA levels were inversely linked with birth sizes. According to TBA levels, 11120 pregnant women were controls, 563 mild ICP, and 128 severe ICP. Birth sizes in ICP groups were lower than control group, and were the lowest in severe ICP group. Further analysis showed that 24.51% neonates were SGA infants among subjects with mild ICP (adjusted RR: 3.44; 95%CI: 2.72, 4.34) and 39.06% among subjects with severe ICP (adjusted RR: 6.54; 95%CI: 4.27, 10.02), higher than 7.39% among controls. For adjusted models, linear regression analysis showed that each 1μmol/L increase in TBA levels was associated with 11.1g (95%CI: -12.7, -9.5) decrease in birth weight, 0.045cm (95%CI: -0.053, -0.036) decrease in birth length, 0.034cm (95%CI: -0.040, -0.028) decrease in head circumference, and 0.041cm (95%CI: -0.047, -0.034) decrease in chest circumference, respectively.Conclusion Elevated TBA levels during late pregnancy are associated with an increased risk of SGA infants.

scholarly journals Continuous association of total bile acid levels with the risk of small for gestational age infants

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Li ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Li Ma ◽  
Zhi Bing Liu ◽  
Xue Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Total Bile Acid

Letters to the Editor

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-130
Author(s):  
Evelyn Lipper ◽  
Kwang-sun Lee ◽  
Lawrence M. Gartner ◽  
Bruce Grellong
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Letters To The Editor

All of the infants entered into the study were low-birth-weight infants (<2,500 gm). The majority of infants had a gestational age less than 37 completed weeks, and, of these, some were also small for gestational age. Sixteen infants had a gestational age of ≥37 weeks but were included in the study because their birth weight was below the tenth percentile for their gestational age. We agree with Drs Knobloch and Malone's comment about the interrelationship of all three figures: as gastation advances, birth weight and head circumference increase.

scholarly journals Mid-upper arm circumference in pregnant women and its relation to birth weight

1998 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anamaría E. Ricalde ◽  
Gustavo Velásquez-Meléndez ◽  
Ana Cristina d'A. Tanaka ◽  
Arnaldo A.F. de Siqueira
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Upper Arm ◽  
Maternal Nutritional Status ◽  
Arm Circumference ◽  
Mother’S Age ◽  
Mid Upper Arm Circumference ◽  
Pregnancy Weight

OBJECTIVE: In order to determine the relationship between some maternal anthropometric indicators and birth weight, crown-heel length and newborn's head circumference, 92 pregnant women were followed through at the prenatal service of hospital in S. Paulo, Brazil. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The following variables were established for the mother: weight, height, mid-upper arm circumference, pre-pregnancy weight, gestational weight gain and Quetelet's index. For the newborn the following variables were recorded: birth weight, crown-heel length, head circumference and gestational age by Dubowitz's method. RESULTS: Significant associations were noted between gestational age and newborn variables. In addition, maternal mid-arm circumference (MUAC) and pre-pregnancy weight were found to be positively correlated to birth weight (r=0.399; r=0.378, respectively). The multivariate linear regression shows that gestational age, mother's arm circumference and pre-pregnancy weight continue to be significant predictors of birth weight. On the other hand, only gestational age and mother's age was associated with crown-heel length. Similarly MUAC was significantly associated with crown-heel length (r= 0.306; P=0.0030). CONCLUSION: Maternal mid-upper arm circumference is a potential indicator of maternal nutritional status. It could be used in association with other anthropometric measurements, instead of pre-pregnancy weight, as an alternative indicator to assess women at risk of poor pregnancy outcome.

scholarly journals A cross-sectional study on the correlation between postnatal foot length and various other anthropometric parameters along with the gestational age

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 414-419
Author(s):  
Dr. Abhinaya Arun Raj ◽  
◽  
Dr. K. Maheswari ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chest Circumference ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Foot Length ◽  
The Mean ◽  
R Value

Introduction: This study was done to assess the utility of foot length in determining theanthropometric parameters of a newborn in a tertiary care teaching hospital. Materials andMethods: This cross-sectional study among 270 newborns were done at Sri Venkateswaraa medicalcollege hospital and research centre, from Nov 2018 to May 2020. All the healthy live newbornswere taken into the study and newborns with congenital lower limb anomalies were excluded.Results: The mean birth weight of the neonate 2.948+0.344 kg which ranged from 2.050 kg to3.750kg. The mean foot length, head circumference and chest circumference of the foot length was8.113+0.468 cm, 48.989+1.093 cm, 34.437+0.659 cm and 32.372+0.734 cm respectively. The footlength had a maximum correlation with birth weight (r-value=0.905) followed by gestational age (r-value=0.809), length (r-value=0.786), head circumference (r-value=0.719) and chest circumference(r-value=0.603). Conclusion: Foot length had a significant correlation with birth weight andgestational age of the neonates. Foot length also correlated significantly with other anthropometricvariables like length, head circumference and chest circumference.

scholarly journals Early registration for antenatal care was associated with improved birth outcomes in a low-income community in Harare

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tonderayi Mathew Matsungo ◽  
Shingai Mudzuri ◽  
Prosper Chopera
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Apgar Score ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Birth Length ◽  
Delivery Mode ◽  
Early Registration

Abstract Background : The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends early registration, regular and consistent attendance of antenatal care (ANC) sessions for all pregnant women. Specifically, if ANC services promote evidence-based practices this improves pregnancy outcomes and reduce maternal mortality. Yet there are worrying gaps in knowledge of antenatal care services in Zimbabwe. Objectives: To determine the relationship between early registration and frequency of ANC visits on birth weight, birth length, head circumference, Apgar score, birth complications, delivery mode, preterm birth and duration of labour among women aged 15-49 from Hatcliffe Polyclinic, Harare. Methods: This was a health facility based analytical cross-sectional study. An interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Data was entered and analysed using SPSS version 20. Descriptive statistics, and associations between dependent and independent variables were determined using Pearson’s Chi-square and Fisher’s exact test. Ethical approval was granted from the Medical Research Council of Zimbabwe (MRCZ/B/1438). Results: A total of 75 mother child pairs were interviewed. Most (77.3%) had more than four ANC visits. Only 36% registered early (during first trimester). Most of the children had normal birth weight ≥2500g (80.3%), birth length ≥47cm, (76%), head circumference ≥33cm (80%), and Apgar score ≥7 (96%). A positive association was observed between number of ANC visits and birth weight [Odds ratio (OR) 7.6; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.6, 36.4 (p=0.013)], birth length [OR 6.1; 95%CI 1.8, 20.1 (p=0.010)], and head circumference [OR 4.3; 95% CI 1.3, 14.8 (p=0.013)]. Positive associations were also observed between timing of registration and birth weight [OR 1.2; 95% 1.05, 1.36 (p=0.045)], birth length [OR 0.16; 95% CI 0.03, 0.76 (p=0.012)]. Conclusions: In this study increased frequency and early registration for ANC visits had a positive relationship with birth weight, birth length and head circumference. These findings show the need for improving the uptake of ANC services, early registration for ANC in the first trimester and adoption of community wide strategies to ensure that pregnant women attend all recommended visits for improved birth outcomes in this and related settings.

scholarly journals Kangaroo Mother Care –Differences and Quantitative Benefits in Different Subgroups of Low Birth Weight Babies

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Kangaroo Mother Care ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
At Home

Objectives: To determine the effectiveness of Kangaroo Mother Care in subgroups of LBW babies-Preterm AGA, Preterm SGA and Term SGA, To assess any differences in benefits of KMC in relation to duration in the subgroups, To assess weight gain difference in NICU and at home at first follow up visit and up to 40 weeks of follow up to Preterm AGA, Preterm SGA and till gain of 2500g in Term SGA babies. Study design: Prospective observational study. Setting: NICU in a large teaching institute, department of pediatrics, Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Hospital, North Telangana. Subjects and Methods: 240 neonates with birth weight <2500g, hemodynamically stable. Intervention: The subjects are classified into three subgroups-based on gestational age (by new Ballard’s score) and by weight (Lubchenco’ s charts) into Preterm Appropriate for gestational age (PT AGA) (102), Preterm Small for Gestational Age (PT SGA) (88) and Term Small for Gestational age (T SGA) (50). Further categorized into <=32 wks,33-34wks,35- 36wks,>=37wks.KMC was given to all subgroups at hospital and home with mean duration of 9+2hrs at hospital and 5+2hrs at home. Outcome Measures: Growth measured by average daily weight gain, mean weight gain, (weight was measured by electronic weighing scale (seca), head circumference (measured by non-stretchable and non-metallic tape) and total length (measured by infant meter) in follow up to 40 weeks of corrected gestational age in Preterm and up to gain of 2500g in Term SGA were assessed with KMC. Results: Better weight gain was noticed in all the 3 subgroups of LBW neonates with KMC at hospital and home. In spite of lower duration of KMC at home PT AGA (33-34 weeks) subgroup has the highest weight gain (24.5+5.5g/day, p=0.003), highest head circumference gain (0.70+0.5cm/week, p=0.002), highest length gain (0.90+0.6cm/week, p <0.008). The time taken to reach full feeds and the time to reach initiation of direct breastfeeds were comparable in all subgroups but attained much earlier in PT AGA (33-34wks) and PT AGA (35-36wks). Duration of hospital stay is least in PT AGA with mean of 12.68 ± 6.37 days.KMC significantly reduced the incidence of apnea in all subgroups of LBW babies. All babies were on exclusive breastfeeds at the end of the study (98%). Conclusion: We conclude by this present study that KMC improves growth in all sub groups of LBW infants. KMC has significantly reduced the incidence of co mortifies like apnea, hypothermia, hypoglycemia in all the subgroups of LBW babies. KMC is cost effective, easily accessible and acceptable not only to mothers but also by majority of the family members

scholarly journals The Impact of Gender on Anthropometric Measures of Twins

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 652-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shayesteh Jahanfar ◽  
Kenneth Lim
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Birth Order ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Birth Length ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Fetal Birth Weight ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Literature suggests that male hormones influence fetal growth in singleton pregnancies. We hypothesized that the same phenomenon is seen in twin gestations. Objectives: (1) to identify the impact of gender associated with fetal birth weight, head circumference, and birth length for twins; (2) to examine the effect of gender on standardized fetal growth at birth, according to gestational age and birth order; (3) to examine the effect of gender on placenta weight and dimensions. Methodology: This was a population-based retrospective cohort study of twins (4,368 twins, 2,184 pairs) born in British Columbia, Canada from 2000–2010. We excluded twins with stillbirth, congenital anomalies, and those delivered with cesarean section. We also controlled for confounding factors, including birth order, gestational age, maternal anthropometric measures, maternal smoking habits, and obstetric history. A subsample of this population was analyzed from Children and Women Hospital to obtain chorionicity information. Results: Male–male twins were heavier than male–females and female–female twin pairs (p=.01). Within sex-discordant twin pairs, males were also heavier than females (p=.01). Regression analysis suggested that gender affects birth weight independent of birth order and gestational age. Other newborn anthropometric measures were not found to be dependent on gender. In analyzing a subsample with chorionicity data, birth weight was the only anthropometric measure that was both statistically and clinically affected by sex, even after adjustment for gestational age, chorionicity, birth order, and maternal age. Conclusion: Birth weight was affected by gender while head circumference and birth length were not.

scholarly journals Associations between neonatal birth dimensions and maternal essential and trans fatty acid contents during pregnancy and at delivery

2008 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chantal E. H. Dirix ◽  
Arnold D. Kester ◽  
Gerard Hornstra
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Birth Length ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Pregnancy And Birth

Since birth dimensions have prognostic potential for later development and health, possible associations between neonatal birth dimensions and selected maternal plasma fatty acid contents were investigated, using data from 782 mother–infant pairs of the Maastricht Essential Fatty Acid Birth cohort. Unadjusted and multivariable-adjusted regression analyses were applied to study the associations between birth weight, birth length or head circumference and the relative contents of DHA, arachidonic acid (AA), dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA) and 18 : 1trans (18 : 1t) in maternal plasma phospholipids sampled during early, middle and late pregnancies, and at delivery. Where appropriate, corrections were made for relevant covariables. Significant ‘positive’ associations were observed between maternal DHA contents (especially early in pregnancy) and birth weight (B = 52·10 g, 95 % CI 20·40, 83·80) and head circumference (B = 0·223 cm, 95 % CI 0·074, 0·372). AA contents at late pregnancy were ‘negatively’ associated with birth weight (B = − 44·25 g, 95 % CI − 68·33, − 20·16) and birth length (B = − 0·200 cm, 95 % CI − 0·335, − 0·065). Significant ‘negative’ associations were also observed for AA contents at delivery and birth weight (B = − 27·08 g, 95 % CI − 47·11, − 7·056) and birth length (B = − 0·207 cm, 95 % CI − 0·330, − 0·084). Maternal DGLA contents at delivery were also significantly ‘negatively’ associated with neonatal birth weight (B = − 85·76 g, 95 % CI − 130·9, − 40·61) and birth length (B = − 0·413 cm, 95 % CI − 0·680, − 0·146). No significant associations were observed for maternal 18 : 1t contents. We conclude that during early pregnancy, maternal DHA content may programme fetal growth in a positive way. Maternal AA and DGLA in late pregnancy might be involved in fetal growth limitation.

scholarly journals Associations between Maternal Health-Related Quality of Life during Pregnancy and Birth Outcomes: The Generation R Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (21) ◽  
pp. 4243
Author(s):  
Guannan Bai ◽  
Ida J Korfage ◽  
Eva Mautner ◽  
Hein Raat
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Pregnancy And Birth Outcomes ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Pregnancy And Birth

The objective of this study was to assess associations between maternal health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in early, mid-, and late pregnancy and birth outcomes and to assess the differences in birth outcomes between subgroups of mothers reporting relatively “low” and relatively “high” HRQoL. HRQoL was measured by the 12-item Short Form Health Survey in early (n = 6334), mid- (n = 6204), and late pregnancy (n = 6048) in a population-based mother and child cohort; Physical and Mental Component Summary (PCS/MCS) scores were calculated. Birth outcomes included pregnancy duration, preterm birth, birth weight, low birth weight, and small for gestational age. We defined very high PCS/MCS scores as the >90th percentile and very low score as the <10th percentile. The lower PCS score in late pregnancy was significantly associated with a higher chance of having small-for-gestational-age birth (per 10 points: OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.33, p value = 0.0006). In early, mid-, and late pregnancy, the subgroup mothers with a low MCS score had infants with a lower average birth weight than those with very high scores (p < 0.05). The association between higher physical HRQoL in late pregnancy and a higher chance of having small-for-gestational-age birth needs further research. The role of mother’s mental HRQoL during pregnancy and the potential consequences for the child require further study.

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