scholarly journals Whole grain food diet slightly reduces cardiovascular risks in obese/overweight adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weihao Wang ◽  
Jianan Li ◽  
Xiaoxi Chen ◽  
Miao Yu ◽  
Qi Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Cardiovascular Risks ◽  
Overweight Adults

Abstract Background: The effects of whole grain diet on cardiovascular risks in obese and overweight adults is not well established. Our goal was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the effect of whole grain diet on cardiovascular risks in obese/overweight adults. Methods: PubMed, Embase and Cochrane were systematically scanned for randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and studies were selected based on certain inclusion and exclusion criteria. The primary outcome was the effectiveness of whole grain food consumption in reducing body weight. The secondary outcomes were the effect of whole grain food consumption on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors including plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), insulin resistance index, blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), C-reactive protein (CRP), and waist circumference in obese/overweight adults. Results: Our results showed that whole grain consumption was associated with lower body weight (mean difference (MD) =-0.5, 95% confidence intervals (CI) [-0.74, 0.25], I2 = 35%, P < 0.0001), lower LDL-C (MD =-0.08, 95% CI [-0.16, 0.00], I2 = 27%, P = 0.05), and lower CRP (MD =-0.36, 95% CI [-0.54, -0.18], I2=69%, P<0.0001), compared with the control group. However, there were no significant differences in waist circumference (MD=-0.12, 95% CI [-0.92, 0.68], I2=44%, P=0.76), systolic blood pressure (MD=-0.11, 95% CI [-1.55, 1.33], I2=3%, P=0.88), diastolic blood pressure (MD=-0.44, 95% CI [-1.44, 0.57], I2=15%, P=0.39), and fasting glucose (MD=-0.05, 95% CI [-0.12, 0.01], I2=31%, P=0.11) between the two groups. Conclusion: This study suggests that whole grain food consumption can slightly reduce body weight, LDL-C and CRP in obese/overweight population.

scholarly journals Whole grain food diet slightly reduces cardiovascular risks in obese/overweight adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weihao Wang ◽  
Jianan Li ◽  
Xiaoxi Chen ◽  
Miao Yu ◽  
Qi Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Cardiovascular Risks ◽  
Overweight Adults

Abstract Background: The effects of whole grain diet on cardiovascular risks in obese and overweight adults is not well established. Our goal was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the effect of whole grain diet on cardiovascular risks in obese/overweight adults. Methods: PubMed, Embase and Cochrane were systematically scanned for randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and studies were selected based on certain inclusion and exclusion criteria. The primary outcome was the effectiveness of whole grain food consumption in reducing body weight. The secondary outcomes were the effect of whole grain food consumption on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors including plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), insulin resistance index, blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), C-reactive protein (CRP), and waist circumference in obese/overweight adults. Results: Our results showed that whole grain consumption was associated with lower body weight (mean difference (MD) =-0.5, 95% confidence intervals (CI) [-0.74, 0.25], I2 = 35%, P < 0.0001) and lower CRP (MD =-0.36, 95% CI [-0.54, -0.18], I2=69%, P<0.0001), compared with the control group. However, there were no significant differences in LDL-C (MD =-0.08, 95% CI [-0.16, 0.00], I2 = 27%, P = 0.05), waist circumference (MD=-0.12, 95% CI [-0.92, 0.68], I2=44%, P=0.76), systolic blood pressure (MD=-0.11, 95% CI [-1.55, 1.33], I2=3%, P=0.88), diastolic blood pressure (MD=-0.44, 95% CI [-1.44, 0.57], I2=15%, P=0.39), and fasting glucose (MD=-0.05, 95% CI [-0.12, 0.01], I2=31%, P=0.11) between the two groups. Conclusion: This study suggests that whole grain food consumption can slightly reduce body weight and CRP in obese/overweight population.

The effect of a whole grain diet on reducing cardiovascular risks in obese/overweight adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weihao Wang ◽  
Jianan Li ◽  
Xiaoxi Chen ◽  
Miao Yu ◽  
Qi Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Cardiovascular Risks ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Overweight, hypertension, and dyslipidemia are clinically recognized as the most significant cardiovascular risk conditions. Studies have shown that whole grains are beneficial to affect glucose metabolism, obesity, blood pressure, lipids and inflammatory markers. Methods: We did a research in PubMed, Embase and Cochrane for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and selected the study according to the eligibility criteria and data extraction. Then we evaluate the effectiveness of whole grain foods on body weight (primary outcome) and other CVD risk factor indicators, including plasma low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol level, insulin resistance index, blood pressure, BMI, waist circumference (secondary outcome) in overweight/obese adults. Results: Our results showed that there are significant decrease of weight (P<0.0001, mean difference -0.5, 95% CI[-0.74, -0.25], I 2 =35%), LDL-C (P=0.05, mean difference -0.08, 95% CI[-0.16, 0.00], I 2 =27%), CRP (P<0.0001, mean difference -0.36, 95% CI[-0.54, -0.18], I 2 =69%) in whole grain group compared with control group (Fig 2-4). There are no significant difference in waist circumference (P=0.76, mean difference -0.12, 95% CI[-0.92,0.68], I 2 =44%), systolic blood pressure (P=0.88, mean difference -0.11, 95% CI[-1.55, 1.33], I 2 =3%), diastolic blood pressure (P=0.39, mean difference -0.44, 95% CI[-1.44, 0.57], I 2 =15%), fasting glucose (P=0.11, mean difference -0.05, 95% CI[-0.12, 0.01], I 2 =31%) between two groups. Conclusion: This study suggests whole grain food has only a moderate effect on reducing body weight, LDL-C and CRP in obese population, which is obviously showed in patients combined with other chronic metabolic disorders.

What Types of Exercise Are More Effective in Reducing Obesity and Blood Pressure for Middle-Aged Women? A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 109980042110154
Author(s):  
Seong-Hi Park ◽  
Chul-Gyu Kim
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Middle Aged

Background: A systematic review was performed to identify the types of physical activities effective as interventions in preventing metabolic syndrome in middle-aged women. Methods: Electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and CINAHL) served as the data sources. Cochrane’s Risk of Bias 2 was applied to assess the risk of bias of the randomized controlled trials. Meta-analyses were performed on selected studies using Review Manager 5.3. Thirty-one trials enrolling 2,202 participants were included. Results: Compared to controls, the effects of physical activity were indicated by pooled mean differences, which were −0.57 kg for body weight, −0.43 kg/m2 for body mass index, −1.63 cm for waist circumference, −4.89 mmHg for systolic blood pressure (BP), and −2.71 mmHg for diastolic BP. The effects were greater on the measurements of waist circumference and BP than on body weight and BMI. The types of physical activities were further analyzed according to sub-groups. Only aerobic exercise did not affect body weight and resistance exercise did not significantly change any results. Contrarily, combined exercises significantly reduced measurements of waist circumference and BP. Conclusion: This review can provide valuable information for research and implementation of measures to prevent metabolic syndrome in middle-aged women.

scholarly journals Effect of workplace physical activity interventions on the cardio-metabolic health of working adults: systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubina Mulchandani ◽  
Ambalam M. Chandrasekaran ◽  
Roopa Shivashankar ◽  
Dimple Kondal ◽  
Anurag Agrawal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Workplace Interventions ◽  
Working Adults ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Physical Activity Interventions

Abstract Background Adults in urban areas spend almost 77% of their waking time being inactive at workplaces, which leaves little time for physical activity. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to synthesize evidence for the effect of workplace physical activity interventions on the cardio-metabolic health markers (body weight, waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, lipids and blood glucose) among working adults. Methods All experimental studies up to March 2018, reporting cardio-metabolic worksite intervention outcomes among adult employees were identified from PUBMED, EMBASE, COCHRANE CENTRAL, CINAHL and PsycINFO. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool was used to assess bias in studies. All studies were assessed qualitatively and meta-analysis was done where possible. Forest plots were generated for pooled estimates of each study outcome. Results A total of 33 studies met the eligibility criteria and 24 were included in the meta-analysis. Multi-component workplace interventions significantly reduced body weight (16 studies; mean diff: − 2.61 kg, 95% CI: − 3.89 to − 1.33) BMI (19 studies, mean diff: − 0.42 kg/m2, 95% CI: − 0.69 to − 0.15) and waist circumference (13 studies; mean diff: − 1.92 cm, 95% CI: − 3.25 to − 0.60). Reduction in blood pressure, lipids and blood glucose was not statistically significant. Conclusions Workplace interventions significantly reduced body weight, BMI and waist circumference. Non-significant results for biochemical markers could be due to them being secondary outcomes in most studies. Intervention acceptability and adherence, follow-up duration and exploring non-RCT designs are factors that need attention in future research. Prospero registration number: CRD42018094436.

Distal Technologies for Prediabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Wing Loong Cheong ◽  
Chun Wie Chong ◽  
Siew Hua Gan ◽  
Lin Kooi Ong ◽  
Leong Seng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Complex Interventions ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lifestyle Interventions ◽  
Major Health Problem

BACKGROUND Prediabetes, where an individual’s glycaemic variables are significantly higher than normal but lower than the threshold for diabetes, is a major health problem. People with prediabetes experience a higher risk of developing chronic kidney disease, neuropathy, diabetic retinopathy, cardiac events, and stroke. The implementation of lifestyle-changing interventions or programs designed to monitor and adjust a prediabetic person’s lifestyle, daily activities, and diet has been demonstrated to substantially reduce the risk of developing diabetes.[4] Implementing these interventions, however, is not without its challenges. One way to overcome these challenges would be the use of distal technologies such as telehealth, mobile health, game‐based support, social platforms, patient portals, as well as wearable devices. To the best of our knowledge, no reviews have attempted to summarise the published research related to the use of distal technologies for the prevention of diabetes. OBJECTIVE The aim of this systematic review is to critically appraise studies where distal technologies have been applied in a prediabetic population. The systematic review also aimed to synthesize the evidence to determine the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions utilizing distal technologies in people with prediabetes. METHODS The systematic review was conducted on articles from database inception till 31st December 2020 within the PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and The Cochrane Library databases. The databases were searched for published articles describing the use of distal technologies in prediabetes. The search terms related to digital health and prediabetes were used. The reference lists of included articles were also reviewed to identify any relevant articles that may have been missed. This study was registered with PROSPERO: CRD42020188051. Articles which met the following inclusion criteria were included: 1) the study included prediabetic individuals, 2) was a randomised controlled trial, 3) the intervention included the use of any distal technology, and 4) published in peer-reviewed journals. RESULTS The initial search identified a total of 364 articles. After the removal of duplicates and ineligible articles, 29 articles were selected for inclusion in this review. Meta-analysis of 15 of the studies showed that distal technologies was effective in reducing participants’ body weight by 1.24 kg [95% CI: -1.92, -0.56], their BMIs (MD: -0.64; -0.93 to -0.35) and waist circumference (MD: -1.27; -2.22 to -0.32), when compared to usual care/control. HbA1c levels were lowered marginally by 0.05% (95% CI: -0.09% to -0.02%) in the intervention group compared to the control group. However, distal technologies had limited impact on FPG (-0.11 mmol/l; -0.25 to 0.02), total cholesterol (-0.06 mmol/l; 95% CI: -0.14 to 0.03), low density lipoprotein (-0.04; -0.09 to 0.02), high density lipoprotein (0.03; -0.01 to 0.07) and triglyceride levels (-0.05; -0.13 to 0.02) compared to control group. CONCLUSIONS The evidence reviewed suggests that lifestyle interventions incorporating distal technologies can be effective in helping prediabetics reduce their body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, and blood glucose. The effectiveness of these interventions in improving lipid profile, blood pressure, and quality of life remains unclear. While the results are encouraging, more work is required to improve the evaluation and implementation of these complex interventions.

scholarly journals Almond Consumption and Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1076-1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle A Lee-Bravatti ◽  
Jifan Wang ◽  
Esther E Avendano ◽  
Ligaya King ◽  
Elizabeth J Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Meta Analyses

ABSTRACT Evidence suggests that eating nuts may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating almond consumption and risk factors for CVD. MEDLINE, Cochrane Central, Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau, and previous systematic reviews were searched from 1990 through June 2017 for RCTs of ≥3 wk duration that evaluated almond compared with no almond consumption in adults who were either healthy or at risk for CVD. The most appropriate stratum was selected with an almond dose closer to 42.5 g, with a control most closely matched for macronutrient composition, energy intake, and similar intervention duration. The outcomes included risk factors for CVD. Random-effects model meta-analyses and subgroup meta-analyses were performed. Fifteen eligible trials analyzed a total of 534 subjects. Almond intervention significantly decreased total cholesterol (summary net change: −10.69 mg/dL; 95% CI: −16.75, −4.63 mg/dL), LDL cholesterol (summary net change: −5.83 mg/dL; 95% CI: −9.91, −1.75 mg/dL); body weight (summary net change: −1.39 kg; 95% CI: −2.49, −0.30 kg), HDL cholesterol (summary net change: −1.26 mg/dL; 95% CI: −2.47, −0.05 mg/dL), and apolipoprotein B (apoB) (summary net change: −6.67 mg/dL; 95% CI: −12.63, −0.72 mg/dL). Triglycerides, systolic blood pressure, apolipoprotein A1, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and lipoprotein (a) showed no difference between almond and control in the main and subgroup analyses. Fasting blood glucose, diastolic blood pressure, and body mass index significantly decreased with almond consumption of >42.5 g compared with ≤42.5 g. Almond consumption may reduce the risk of CVD by improving blood lipids and by decreasing body weight and apoB. Substantial heterogeneity in eligible studies regarding almond interventions and dosages precludes firmer conclusions.

scholarly journals Effects of walnut consumption on blood lipids and other cardiovascular risk factors: an updated meta-analysis and systematic review of controlled trials

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 174-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Guasch-Ferré ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Frank B Hu ◽  
Jordi Salas-Salvadó ◽  
Deirdre K Tobias
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Blood Lipids ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Control Groups

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Intervention studies suggest that incorporating walnuts into the diet may improve blood lipids without promoting weight gain. OBJECTIVE We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials evaluating the effects of walnut consumption on blood lipids and other cardiovascular risk factors. Design We conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed and EMBASE databases (from database inception to January 2018) of clinical trials comparing walnut-enriched diets with control diets. We performed random-effects meta-analyses comparing walnut-enriched and control diets for changes in pre-post intervention in blood lipids (mmol/L), apolipoproteins (mg/dL), body weight (kg), and blood pressure (mm Hg). RESULTS Twenty-six clinical trials with a total of 1059 participants were included. The following weighted mean differences (WMDs) in reductions were obtained for walnut-enriched diets compared with control groups: −6.99 mg/dL (95% CI: −9.39, −4.58 mg/dL; P < 0.001) (3.25% greater reduction) for total blood cholesterol (TC) and −5.51 mg/dL (95% CI: −7.72, −3.29 mg/dL; P < 0.001) (3.73% greater reduction) for low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. Triglyceride concentrations were also reduced in walnut-enriched diets compared with control [WMD = −4.69 (95% CI: −8.93, −0.45); P = 0.03; 5.52% greater reduction]. More pronounced reductions in blood lipids were observed when walnut interventions were compared with American and Western diets [WMD for TC = −12.30 (95% CI: −23.17, −1.43) and for LDL = −8.28 (95% CI: −13.04, −3.51); P < 0.001]. Apolipoprotein B (mg/dL) was also reduced significantly more on walnut-enriched diets compared with control groups [WMD = −3.74 (95% CI: −6.51, −0.97); P = 0.008] and a trend towards a reduction was observed for apolipoprotein A [WMD = −2.91 (95% CI: −5.98, 0.08); P = 0.057]. Walnut-enriched diets did not lead to significant differences in weight change (kg) compared with control diets [WMD = −0.12 (95% CI: −2.12, 1.88); P = 0.90], systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) [WMD = −0.72 (95% CI: −2.75, 1.30); P = 0.48], or diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) [WMD = −0.10 (95% CI: −1.49, 1.30); P = 0.88]. Conclusions Incorporating walnuts into the diet improved blood lipid profile without adversely affecting body weight or blood pressure.

scholarly journals Looking for crumbs in the obesity forest: anti-obesity interventions in the Mexican population. History, and systematic review with Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esperanza M. Garcia-Oropesa ◽  
Yoscelina E. Martinez-Lopez ◽  
Sonia Maria Ruiz-Cejudo ◽  
Jose Dario Martinez-Ezquerro ◽  
Alvaro Diaz-Badillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Population History ◽  
Sample Sizes ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Small Sample Sizes

Mexicans and Mexican Americans share culture, genetic background, and predisposition for chronic complications associated with obesity and diabetes making imperative efficacious treatments and prevention. Obesity has been treated for centuries focused-on weight loss while other treatments on associated conditions like gout, diabetes (T2D), and hypertriglyceridemia. To date, there is no systematic review that synthetize the origin of obesity clinics in Mexico and the efforts to investigate treatments for obesity tested by randomized clinical trials (RCT). We conducted systematic searches in Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science to retrieve anti-obesity RCT through 2019 and without inferior temporal limit. The systematic review included RCT of anti-obesity treatments in the Mexican adult population, including alternative medicine, pharmacological, nutritional, behavioral, and surgical interventions reporting biometric outcomes such as BMI, weight, waist circumference, triglycerides, glucose, among others. Studies with at least three months of treatment were included in the meta-analysis. We found 634 entries, after removal of duplicates and screening the studies based on eligibility criteria, we analyzed 43, and 2 multinational-collaborative studies. Most of the national studies have small sample sizes, and the studied strategies do not have replications in the population. The nutrition/behavioral interventions were difficult to blind, and most studies have medium to high risk of bias. Nutritional/behavioral interventions and medications showed effects on BMI, waist circumference, and blood pressure. Simple measures like plain water instead of sweet beverages decrease triglycerides and systolic blood pressure. Participants with obesity and hypertension can have benefic effects with antioxidants, and treatment with insulin increase weight in those with T2D. The study of obesity in Mexico has been on-going for more than four decades, but the interest on RCT just increased until this millennium, but with small sample sizes and lack of replication. The interventions affect different metabolic syndrome components, which should be analyzed in detail with the population living on the U.S.-Mexico border; therefore, bi-national collaboration is desirable to disentangle the cultural effects on this population's treatment response.

scholarly journals Effects of Aerobic Training Progression on Blood Pressure in Individuals With Hypertension: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Tadeu de Barcelos¹ ◽  
Isabel Heberle¹ ◽  
Juliana Cavestré Coneglian¹ ◽  
Bruno Allan Vieira¹ ◽  
Rodrigo Sudatti Delevatti¹ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Meta Regression ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Objective: To analyze, through a systematic review with meta-analysis, the effects of aerobic training with and without progression on systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in hypertensive adults.Method: The search for the studies was carried out in the PubMed, Cochrane Central, SPORTDiscus and LILACS databases. Clinical trials that analyzed the effect of aerobic training, lasting at least six weeks, on blood pressure in hypertensive individuals comparing with a control group without intervention were selected. The selection of studies and data extraction were carried out independently by two pairs of researchers. Results: Of the 13028 studies found, 24 were selected and included in this review. There was a reduction in SBP after aerobic training with progression (-10.67 mmHg; 95% CI -15.421, -5.926; p <0.001) and without progression (-10.17 mmHg; CI -12.213, -8.120; p <0.001). DBP also decreased after aerobic training with progression (-5.49 mmHg; 95% CI -8.663, -2.310; p <0.001) and without progression (-6.51 mmHg; 95% CI -9.147, -3.868; p < 0.001). Conclusion: Aerobic training promotes a reduction in the SBP and DBP levels of adults with hypertension, regardless of whether or not the training variables progression.

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