scholarly journals Storage time and temperature affect the isolation rate of Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida from bovine bronchoalveolar lavage samples

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Van Driessche ◽  
Charlotte De Neve ◽  
Freddy Haesebrouck ◽  
Katharina van Leenen ◽  
Filip Boyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Turnaround Time ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Mannheimia Haemolytica ◽  
Isolation Rate ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Storage Temperatures

Abstract Background: A microbiological diagnosis is essential to better target antimicrobial treatment, control and prevention of respiratory tract infections in cattle. Under field conditions, non-endoscopic broncho-alveolar lavage (nBAL) samples are increasingly collected. To what extent the highly variable turnaround time and storage temperatures between sampling and cultivation affect the isolation rate of bacterial pathogens is unknown. Therefore, the objective of this experimental study was to determine the effect of different storage temperatures (0°C, 8°C, 23°C and 36°C) and times (0,2,4,6,8,24,48 hours) on the isolation rate and concentration of Pasteurellaceae in nBAL samples from clinically affected animals.Results: At a storage temperature temperature of 36°C isolation rates of Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida were significantly reduced 6h and 48h after sampling, respectively. At room temperature (23°C), a decrease in M. haemolytica and P. multocida isolation rate was noticed, starting at 24 and 48 hours after sampling, respectively, but only significant for P. multocida at 48h. The presence of microbial contamination negatively affected the isolation of P. multocida in clinical nBAL samples, but not of M. haemolytica. Conclusion: Optimal M. haemolytica and P. multocida isolation rates from clinical nBAL samples are obtained after storage at 0°C or 8°C, provided that the sample is cultivated within 24 hours after sampling. The maximum period a sample can be stored without an effect on the M. haemolytica and P. multocida isolation success varies and is dependent on the storage temperature and the degree of microbial contamination.

scholarly journals Storage time and temperature affect the isolation rate of Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida from bovine bronchoalveolar lavage samples

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Van Driessche ◽  
Charlotte De Neve ◽  
Freddy Haesebrouck ◽  
Katharina van Leenen ◽  
Filip Boyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Turnaround Time ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Mannheimia Haemolytica ◽  
Isolation Rate ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Storage Temperatures

Abstract Background: A microbiological diagnosis is essential to better target antimicrobial treatment, control and prevention of respiratory tract infections in cattle. Under field conditions, non-endoscopic broncho-alveolar lavage (nBAL) samples are increasingly collected. To what extent the highly variable turnaround time and storage temperatures between sampling and cultivation affect the isolation rate of bacterial pathogens is unknown. Therefore, the objective of this experimental study was to determine the effect of different storage temperatures (0°C, 8°C, 23°C and 36°C) and times (0,2,4,6,8,24,48 hours) on the isolation rate and concentration of Pasteurellaceae in nBAL samples from clinically affected animals. Results: At a storage temperature temperature of 36°C isolation rates of Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida were significantly reduced 6h and 48h after sampling, respectively. At room temperature (23°C), a decrease in M. haemolytica and P. multocida isolation rate was noticed, starting at 24 and 48 hours after sampling, respectively, but only significant for P. multocida at 48h. The presence of microbial contamination negatively affected the isolation of P. multocida in clinical nBAL samples, but not of M. haemolytica. Conclusion: Optimal M. haemolytica and P. multocida isolation rates from clinical nBAL samples are obtained after storage at 0°C or 8°C, provided that the sample is cultivated within 24 hours after sampling. The maximum period a sample can be stored without an effect on the M. haemolytica and P. multocida isolation success varies and is dependent on the storage temperature and the degree of microbial contamination.

scholarly journals Storage time and temperature affect the isolation rate of Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida from bovine bronchoalveolar lavage samples

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Van Driessche ◽  
Charlotte De Neve ◽  
Freddy Haesebrouck ◽  
Katharina van Leenen ◽  
Filip Boyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Turnaround Time ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Mannheimia Haemolytica ◽  
Isolation Rate ◽  
Storage Temperatures

Abstract Background A microbiological diagnosis is essential to better target antimicrobial treatment, control and prevention of respiratory infections in cattle. Under field conditions, non-endoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage (nBAL) samples are increasingly collected. To what extent the highly variable turnaround time and storage temperatures between sampling and cultivation affect the isolation rate of bacterial pathogens is unknown. Therefore, the objective of this experimental study was to determine the effect of different storage temperatures (0°C, 8°C, 23°C and 36°C) and times (0,2,4,6,8,24,48 hours) on the isolation rate and concentration of Pasteurellaceae in nBAL samples from clinically affected animals.Results Storage at 36°C resulted in a reduced isolation rate already 2 hours after sampling for Mannheimia haemolytica and 24 hours after sampling for Pasteurella multocida . When samples were stored at 23°C, a decrease in M. haemolytica and P.multocida isolation rate was noticed, starting at 24 and 48 hours after sampling, respectively. The presence of microbial contamination negatively affected the isolation of P. multocida in clinical nBAL samples. An increase in concentration of contaminating bacteria was noticed after 24 hours of sampling at a temperature of 36°C and after 48 hours of sampling at a temperature of 23°C.Conclusion Optimal M. haemolytica and P. multocida isolation rates from clinical nBAL samples are obtained after storage at 0°C or 8°C, provided that the sample is cultivated within 24 hours after sampling. The maximum period a sample can be stored without an effect on the M. haemolytica and P. multocida isolation success varies and is dependent on the storage temperature and the degree of microbial contamination.

scholarly journals Isolation of Bacterial causes of Respiratory Infections in Calves in Smallholder farms in and around Gonder Town, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tefera Manaye ◽  
Pawlos Wasihun Asnake ◽  
Ashebr Abraha ◽  
Tsegaw Fentie
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Mannheimia Haemolytica ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Isolation Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Background: Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is considered as the major cause of severe respiratory tract infections in calves. Pasteurellosis is a multifactorial respiratory disease, which mainly affect calves within four weeks of weaning. A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2017 to April 2018 in and around Gondar town, Amhara Regional State, North West of Ethiopia. The aim of the study was to isolate Mannheimia and Pasteurella species from calves up to six months old, and to assess the associated risk factors with the occurrence of respiratory disease. Sex, age (< 16 weeks and > 16 weeks), body condition status (poor, medium, good), breed (local and cross breed), livelihood (mixed crop and urban), farming systems (semi intensive and intensive), herd size (small medium, and large), maternity pens (present or absent), and method of colostrum feedings (hand bucket and suckling) were the examined risk factors.Results: A total of 84 nasopharyngeal swab samples were collected from calves with any signs of illness related to pasteurellosis. The overall isolation rate of the respiratory pathogens was 64/84 (76.2%) (95% CI=65.7-84.8), with 46.4% of Mannheimia haemolytica and 28.8% Pasteurella multocida isolates. The distribution of pathogens was statistically higher (P< 0.001) in calves with respiratory problems (93.6%; 95% CI= 82.5-98.7) compared to those with no symptoms of respiratory illness (54.1%; 95% CI= 36.9-70.5). Among the examined risk factors age, sex, breed, farming system were found to be potential risk factors and significantly associated with Pasteurella infection of calves (p<0.05). The higher isolation rate of Mannheimia haemolytica indicated that it is the major cause of respiratory disease in the study area.Conclusion: The present finding revealed that pasteurellosis is one of the major diseases of calves in the study area in which M. haemolytica and P. multocida were found to be commonly involved in respiratory infections. Improved farm management including timely feeding of colostrum, appropriate hygiene of the calf house and training of farmers is recommended to prevent and control of respiratory diseases in the study area.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Porcine Respiratory Bacteria in Spain

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Vilaró ◽  
Elena Novell ◽  
Vicens Enrique-Tarancón ◽  
Jordi Balielles ◽  
Carles Vilalta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Tract Infections

The monitoring of antimicrobial susceptibility of pig pathogens is critical to optimize antimicrobial treatments and prevent development of resistance with a one-health approach. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of swine respiratory pathogens in Spain from 2017 to 2019. Bacterial isolation and identification were carried out following standardized methods from samples coming from sacrificed or recently deceased pigs with acute clinical signs compatible with respiratory tract infections. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were determined using the broth microdilution method containing a total of 10 and 7–8 antimicrobials/concentrations respectively, in accordance with the recommendations presented by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). The obtained antimicrobial susceptibility varies between pig respiratory pathogens. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) and Pasteurella multocida (PM) were highly susceptible (≥90%) to ceftiofur, florfenicol and macrolides (tilmicosin, tildipirosin and tulathromycin). However, the antimicrobial susceptibility was intermediate (>60% but <90%) for amoxicillin and enrofloxacin in the case of APP and sulfamethoxazole/trimethropim and tiamulin in the case of PM. Both bacteria showed low (<60%) antimicrobial susceptibility to doxycycline. Finally, Bordetella bronchiseptica was highly susceptible only to tildipirosin and tulathromycin (100%) and its susceptibility for florfenicol was close to 50% and <30% for the rest of the antimicrobial families tested. These results emphasize the need of determining antimicrobial susceptibility in pig respiratory cases in order to optimize the antimicrobial treatment in a case-by-case scenario.

scholarly journals Combinations of Macrolide Resistance Determinants in Field Isolates of Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida

2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (9) ◽  
pp. 4128-4133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoit Desmolaize ◽  
Simon Rose ◽  
Cornelia Wilhelm ◽  
Ralf Warrass ◽  
Stephen Douthwaite
Keyword(s):  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Mannheimia Haemolytica ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Type I ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
Drug Classes ◽  
Exogenous Genes ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Tract Infections

ABSTRACTRespiratory tract infections in cattle are commonly associated with the bacterial pathogensMannheimia haemolyticaandPasteurella multocida. These infections can generally be successfully treated in the field with one of several groups of antibiotics, including macrolides. A few recent isolates of these species exhibit resistance to veterinary macrolides with phenotypes that fall into three distinct classes. The first class has type I macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin B antibiotic resistance and, consistent with this, the 23S rRNA nucleotide A2058 is monomethylated by the enzyme product of theerm(42) gene. The second class shows no lincosamide resistance and lackserm(42) and concomitant 23S rRNA methylation. Sequencing of the genome of a representative strain from this class,P. multocida3361, revealed macrolide efflux and phosphotransferase genes [respectively termedmsr(E) andmph(E)] that are arranged in tandem and presumably expressed from the same promoter. The third class exhibits the most marked drug phenotype, with high resistance to all of the macrolides tested, and possesses all three resistance determinants. The combinations oferm(42),msr(E), andmph(E) are chromosomally encoded and intermingled with other exogenous genes, many of which appear to have been transferred from other members of thePasteurellaceae. The presence of some of the exogenous genes explains recent reports of resistance to additional drug classes. We have expressed recombinant versions of theerm(42),msr(E), andmph(E) genes within an isogenicEscherichia colibackground to assess their individually contributions to resistance. Our findings indicate what types of compounds might have driven the selection for these resistance determinants.

scholarly journals Storage time and temperature affect the isolation rate of Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida from bovine bronchoalveolar lavage samples

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Van Driessche ◽  
Charlotte De Neve ◽  
Freddy Haesebrouck ◽  
Katharina van Leenen ◽  
Filip Boyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Mannheimia Haemolytica ◽  
Isolation Rate

scholarly journals Multiplex PCR To Identify Macrolide Resistance Determinants in Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 3664-3669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Rose ◽  
Benoit Desmolaize ◽  
Puneet Jaju ◽  
Cornelia Wilhelm ◽  
Ralf Warrass ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Macrolide Resistance ◽  
Mannheimia Haemolytica ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Type I ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Tract Infections

ABSTRACTThe bacterial pathogensMannheimia haemolyticaandPasteurella multocidaare major etiological agents in respiratory tract infections of cattle. Although these infections can generally be successfully treated with veterinary macrolide antibiotics, a few recent isolates have shown resistance to these drugs. Macrolide resistance in members of the familyPasteurellaceaeis conferred by combinations of at least three genes:erm(42), which encodes a monomethyltransferase and confers a type I MLSB(macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin B) phenotype;msr(E), which encodes a macrolide efflux pump; andmph(E), which encodes a macrolide-inactivating phosphotransferase. Here, we describe a multiplex PCR assay that detects the presence oferm(42),msr(E), andmph(E) and differentiates between these genes. In addition, the assay distinguishesP. multocidafromM. haemolyticaby amplifying distinctive fragments of the 23S rRNA (rrl) genes. Onerrlfragment acts as a general indicator of gammaproteobacterial species and confirms whether the PCR assay has functioned as intended on strains that are negative forerm(42),msr(E), andmph(E). The multiplex system has been tested on more than 40 selected isolates ofP. multocidaandM. haemolyticaand correlated with MICs for the veterinary macrolides tulathromycin and tilmicosin, and the newer compounds gamithromycin and tildipirosin. The multiplex PCR system gives a rapid and robustly accurate determination of macrolide resistance genotypes and bacterial genus, matching results from microbiological methods and whole-genome sequencing.

scholarly journals RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS IN CATTLE

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-214
Author(s):  
T. I. Stetsko
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Mannheimia Haemolytica ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Histophilus Somni ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections

In the article a literature review of Bovine respiratory diseases (BRD) is presented. Respiratory diseases are considered to be one of the most harmful diseases of cattle, which cause great economic damage for the operators of the cattle industry. The BRD complex is a multifactorial and multi-etiological disease. The BRD complex is a multifactorial and multi-etiological disease. The main factors providing the BRD development are the management status of rearing cattle, the impact of the environment and pathogens. Without neglecting the importance of the first two factors, pathogenic microorganisms remain the major etiological factor of BRD. Respiratory tract infections in cattle are caused by viruses and bacteria, moreover the diseases often develop in an associated form. However, the bacterial factor in the etiology of respiratory diseases plays a main role. Mannheimia haemolytica serotype 1 is the main pathogen of BRD, which can cause disease as a single etiologic agent and as in association with other pathogens (Histophilus somni, Mycoplasma bovis). In most cases, fibrinous pneumonia or fatal acute pneumonia is often associated with Mannheimia haemolytica. Pasteurella multocida is considered to be a less virulent bacteria than Mannheimia haemolytica, and for a higher level of infection need to initiate the inflammatory process in the respiratory tract of animals. Pathogenic strains of Pasteurella multocida serogroup A are a significant etiologic factor of severe enzootic pneumonia in dairy calves. Respiratory diseases caused by mycoplasma remain one of the serious infectious diseases of cattle. Mycoplasma bovis is the most invasive and dangerous mycoplasma for young cattle. This type of mycoplasma is usually present in the upper respiratory tract of clinically healthy calves who are bacterial carriers. When the zootechnical conditions of brieding and feeding the calves are disturbed and for other stress factors there is an active proliferation of mycoplasmas and they successfully colonize the lower respiratory tract of the animals, causing an inflammatory process in the lungs. Other commensal bacteria of the upper respiratory tract, Histophilus somni, can cause pneumonia that usually occurs in subacute or chronic form. The pathogenic forms of this bacteria are often isolated together with Mannheimia hemolytica. Other opportunistic bacteria (Arcanobacterium pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Chlamydiales spp., Fusobacterium necrophorum, Corynebacterium bovis) may be etiological factors for the development of BRD. Depending on the etiologic agent, the clinical symptoms of calf bronchopneumonia have some specificity, herewith the degree of lung damage depends on the duration of the disease and the virulence of the pathogen.

scholarly journals Bacterial pneumonia coinfection and antimicrobial therapy duration in SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liam Townsend ◽  
Gerry Hughes ◽  
Colm Kerr ◽  
Mary Kelly ◽  
Roisin O’Connor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Antimicrobial Therapy ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Prolonged Duration ◽  
Bacterial Coinfection ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Culture Positivity Rate

Abstract Background Bacterial respiratory coinfection in the setting of SARS-CoV-2 infection remains poorly described. A description of coinfection and antimicrobial usage is needed to guide ongoing antimicrobial stewardship. Objectives To assess the rate of empirical antimicrobial treatment in COVID-19 cases, assess the rate and methods of microbiological sampling, assess the rate of bacterial respiratory coinfections and evaluate the factors associated with antimicrobial therapy in this cohort. Methods Inpatients with positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR were recruited. Antibiotic prescription, choice and duration were recorded. Taking of microbiological samples (sputum culture, blood culture, urinary antigens) and culture positivity rate was also recorded. Linear regression was performed to determine factors associated with prolonged antimicrobial administration. Results A total of 117 patients were recruited; 84 (72%) were prescribed antimicrobial therapy for lower respiratory tract infections. Respiratory pathogens were identified in seven (6%) patients. The median duration of antimicrobial therapy was 7 days. C-reactive protein level, oxygen requirement and positive cultures were associated with prolonged duration of therapy. Conclusions The rate of bacterial coinfection in SARS-CoV-2 is low. Despite this, prolonged courses of antimicrobial therapy were prescribed in our cohort. We recommend active antimicrobial stewardship in COVID-19 cases to ensure appropriate antimicrobial prescribing.

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