scholarly journals Mutation at position 5628 in the mitochondrial tRNAAla gene in a Chinese pedigree with maternally diabetes mellitus

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Li ◽  
Lijun Wu ◽  
Wei Lin ◽  
Tianlan Zhao ◽  
Qiang Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Cellular Models ◽  
Mitochondrial Diabetes

Abstract Background: To investigate the clinical, genetic and molecular characteristics of mitochondrial diabetes mellitus (MDM). Methods: Resultant variants were evaluated for evolutionary conservation, allelic frequencies, and structural and functional consequences. The mitochondrial function including mitochondrial tRNAAla levels, protein synthesis, membrane potential, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were measured using lymphoblastoid cell lines carrying the m.5628T>C mutation and 2 controls .Results: We observed differences in the severity and age of onset in diabetes in affected maternally-related individuals, and through amolecular of the complete mitochondrial genome in this family, we identified a homoplasmic m.5628T>C mutation, located at conventional position 31 of tRNAAla, and we further detected distinct sets of mtDNA polymorphisms belonging to haplogroup L1. The identified mutation was further found be important for tRNA identity and stability. Using cellular models, we were able to determine that the respiratory deficiency caused arising as a consequence of the m.5628T>C mutation led to decreased efficiency of mitochondrial tRNAAla levels, protein synthesis, mitochondrial ATP synthesis and a reduced mitochondrial membrane potential.These mitochondrial dysfunctions caused an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species in the mutant cell lines. Conclusions: These data provide a direct evidence that novel m.5628T>C mutation may be associated with MDM, thus, offering novel insights into the understanding of pathophysiology of MDM.

GNG11 (G-protein subunit γ 11) suppresses cell growth with induction of reactive oxygen species and abnormal nuclear morphology in human SUSM-1 cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Takauji ◽  
Ikuru Kudo ◽  
Atsuki En ◽  
Ryo Matsuo ◽  
Mohammad Nazir Hossain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Hela Cells ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Nuclear Morphology ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Protein Subunit ◽  
Regulatory Relationship

Enforced expression of GNG11, G-protein subunit γ 11, induces cellular senescence in normal human diploid fibroblasts. We here examined the effect of the expression of GNG11 on the growth of immortalized human cell lines, and found that it suppressed the growth of SUSM-1 cells, but not of HeLa cells. We then compared these two cell lines to understand the molecular basis for the action of GNG11. We found that expression of GNG11 induced the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and abnormal nuclear morphology in SUSM-1 cells but not in HeLa cells. Increased ROS generation by GNG11 would likely be caused by the down-regulation of the antioxidant enzymes in SUSM-1 cells. We also found that SUSM-1 cells, even under normal culture conditions, showed higher levels of ROS and higher incidence of abnormal nuclear morphology than HeLa cells, and that abnormal nuclear morphology was relevant to the increased ROS generation in SUSM-1 cells. Thus, SUSM-1 and HeLa cells showed differences in the regulation of ROS and nuclear morphology, which might account for their different responses to the expression of GNG11. Thus, SUSM-1 cells may provide a unique system to study the regulatory relationship between ROS generation, nuclear morphology, and G-protein signaling.

scholarly journals Concurrent Reactive Oxygen Species Generation and Aneuploidy Induction Contribute to Thymoquinone Anticancer Activity

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (17) ◽  
pp. 5136
Author(s):  
Mohammed Al-Hayali ◽  
Aimie Garces ◽  
Michael Stocks ◽  
Hilary Collins ◽  
Tracey D. Bradshaw
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Anticancer Activity ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Hct 116 ◽  
Hct 116 Cells ◽  
Transformed Cell Lines

Thymoquinone (TQ) is the main biologically active constituent of Nigella sativa. Many studies have confirmed its anticancer actions. Herein, we investigated the different anticancer activities of, and considered resistance mechanisms to, TQ. MTT and clonogenic data showed TQ’s ability to suppress breast MDA-MB-468 and T-47D proliferation at lower concentrations compared to other cancer and non-transformed cell lines tested (GI50 values ≤ 1.5 µM). Flow-cytometric analyses revealed that TQ consistently induced MDA-MB-468 and T-47D cell-cycle perturbation, specifically inducing pre-G1 populations. In comparison, less sensitive breast MCF-7 and colon HCT-116 cells exhibited only transient increases in pre-G1 events. Annexin V/PI staining confirmed apoptosis induction in MDA-MB-468 and HCT-116 cells, which was continuous in the former and transient in the latter. Experiments revealed the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and aneuploidy induction in MDA-MB-468 cells within the first 24 h of treatment. The ROS-scavenger NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone 1) (NQO1; DT-diaphorase) and glutathione (GSH) were implicated in resistance to TQ. Indeed, western blot analyses showed that NQO1 is expressed in all cell lines in this study, except those most sensitive to TQ-MDA-MB-468 and T-47D. Moreover, TQ treatment increased NQO1 expression in HCT-116 in a concentration-dependent fashion. Measurement of GSH activity in MDA-MB-468 and HCT-116 cells found that GSH is similarly active in both cell lines. Furthermore, GSH depletion rendered these cells more sensitive to TQ’s antiproliferative actions. Therefore, to bypass putative inactivation of the TQ semiquinone metabolite, the benzylamine analogue was designed and synthesised following modification of TQ’s carbon-3 atom. However, the structural modification negatively impacted potency against MDA-MB-468 cells. In conclusion, we disclose the following: (i) The anticancer activity of TQ may be a consequence of ROS generation and aneuploidy; (ii) Early GSH depletion could substantially enhance TQ’s anticancer activity; (iii) Benzylamine substitution at TQ’s carbon-3 failed to enhance anticancer activity.

scholarly journals Reactive Oxygen Species in Host Plant Are Required for an Early Defense Response against Attack of Stagonospora nodorum Berk. Necrotrophic Effectors SnTox

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1586
Author(s):  
Svetlana Veselova ◽  
Tatyana Nuzhnaya ◽  
Guzel Burkhanova ◽  
Sergey Rumyantsev ◽  
Igor Maksimov
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Stagonospora Nodorum ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Necrotrophic Effectors

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a central role in plant immune responses. The most important virulence factors of the Stagonospora nodorum Berk. are multiple fungal necrotrophic effectors (NEs) (SnTox) that affect the redox-status and cause necrosis and/or chlorosis in wheat lines possessing dominant susceptibility genes (Snn). However, the effect of NEs on ROS generation at the early stages of infection has not been studied. We studied the early stage of infection of various wheat genotypes with S nodorum isolates -Sn4VD, SnB, and Sn9MN, carrying a different set of NE genes. Our results indicate that all three NEs of SnToxA, SnTox1, SnTox3 significantly contributed to cause disease, and the virulence of the isolates depended on their differential expression in plants (Triticum aestivum L.). The Tsn1–SnToxA, Snn1–SnTox1and Snn3–SnTox3 interactions played an important role in inhibition ROS production at the initial stage of infection. The Snn3–SnTox3 inhibited ROS production in wheat by affecting NADPH-oxidases, peroxidases, superoxide dismutase and catalase. The Tsn1–SnToxA inhibited ROS production in wheat by affecting peroxidases and catalase. The Snn1–SnTox1 inhibited the production of ROS in wheat by mainly affecting a peroxidase. Collectively, these results show that the inverse gene-for gene interactions between effector of pathogen and product of host sensitivity gene suppress the host’s own PAMP-triggered immunity pathway, resulting in NE-triggered susceptibility (NETS). These results are fundamentally changing our understanding of the development of this economical important wheat disease.

scholarly journals CBIO-07. CELL DEATH INDUCED BY AN OSCILLATING MAGNETIC FIELD IN PATIENT DERIVED GLIOBLASTOMA CELLS IS MEDIATED BY REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii17-ii17
Author(s):  
Shashank Hambarde ◽  
Martyn Sharpe ◽  
David Baskin ◽  
Santosh Helekar
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Antioxidant Vitamin ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Novel Therapy

Abstract Noninvasive cancer therapy with minimal side effects would be ideal for improving patient outcome in the clinic. We have developed a novel therapy using strong rotating magnets mounted on a helmet. They generate oscillating magnetic fields (OMF) that penetrate through the skull and cover the entire brain. We have demonstrated that OMF can effectively kill patient derived glioblastoma (GBM) cells in cell culture without having cytotoxic effects on cortical neurons and normal human astrocytes (NHA). Exposure of GBM cells to OMF reduced the cell viability by 33% in comparison to sham-treated cells (p< 0.001), while not affecting NHA cell viability. Time lapse video-microscopy for 16 h after OMF exposure showed a marked elevation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), and rapid apoptosis of GBM cells due to activation of caspase 3. Addition of a potent antioxidant vitamin E analog Trolox effectively blocked OMF-induced GBM cell death. Furthermore, OMF significantly potentiated the cytotoxic effect of the pro-oxidant Benzylamine. The results of our studies demonstrate that OMF-induced cell death is mediated by ROS generation. These results demonstrate a potent oncolytic effect on GBM cells that is novel and unrelated to any previously described therapy, including a very different mechanism of action and different technology compared to Optune therapy. The effect is very powerful, and unlike Optune, can be seen within hours after initiation of treatment. We believe that this technology holds great promise for new, effective and nontoxic treatment of glioblastoma.

scholarly journals Assessment of Physico-Chemical and Toxicological Properties of Commercial 2D Boron Nitride Nanopowder and Nanoplatelets

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 567
Author(s):  
Brixhilda Domi ◽  
Kapil Bhorkar ◽  
Carlos Rumbo ◽  
Labrini Sygellou ◽  
Spyros N. Yannopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Boron Nitride ◽  
A549 Cells ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Potential Toxicity ◽  
Cellular Models ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
The Impact

Boron nitride (BN) nanomaterials have been increasingly explored for potential applications in chemistry and biology fields (e.g., biomedical, pharmaceutical, and energy industries) due to their unique physico-chemical properties. However, their safe utilization requires a profound knowledge on their potential toxicological and environmental impact. To date, BN nanoparticles have been considered to have a high biocompatibility degree, but in some cases, contradictory results on their potential toxicity have been reported. Therefore, in the present study, we assessed two commercial 2D BN samples, namely BN-nanopowder (BN-PW) and BN-nanoplatelet (BN-PL), with the objective to identify whether distinct physico-chemical features may have an influence on the biological responses of exposed cellular models. Morphological, structural, and composition analyses showed that the most remarkable difference between both commercial samples was the diameter of their disk-like shape, which was of 200–300 nm for BN-PL and 100–150 nm for BN-PW. Their potential toxicity was investigated using adenocarcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial cells (A549 cells) and the unicellular fungus Saccharomycescerevisiae, as human and environmental eukaryotic models respectively, employing in vitro assays. In both cases, cellular viability assays and reactive oxygen species (ROS) determinations where performed. The impact of the selected nanomaterials in the viability of both unicellular models was very low, with only a slight reduction of S. cerevisiae colony forming units being observed after a long exposure period (24 h) to high concentrations (800 mg/L) of both nanomaterials. Similarly, BN-PW and BN-PL showed a low capacity to induce the formation of reactive oxygen species in the studied conditions. Even at the highest concentration and exposure times, no major cytotoxicity indicators were observed in human cells and yeast. The results obtained in the present study provide novel insights into the safety of 2D BN nanomaterials, indicating no significant differences in the toxicological potential of similar commercial products with a distinct lateral size, which showed to be safe products in the concentrations and exposure conditions tested.

scholarly journals A Novel Tetrapeptide Derivative Exhibits In Vitro Inhibition of Neutrophil-Derived Reactive Oxygen Species and Lysosomal Enzymes Release

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumitra Miriyala ◽  
Manikandan Panchatcharam ◽  
Meera Ramanujam ◽  
Rengarajulu Puvanakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Superoxide Anion ◽  
Lysosomal Enzymes ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Peptide Sequence ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Complement Factors

Neutrophil infiltration plays a major role in the pathogenesis of myocardial injury. Oxidative injury is suggested to be a central mechanism of the cellular damage after acute myocardial infarction. This study is pertained to the prognostic role of a tetrapeptide derivative PEP1261 (BOC-Lys(BOC)-Arg-Asp-Ser(tBu)-OtBU), a peptide sequence (39–42) of lactoferrin, studied in the modulation of neutrophil functions in vitro by measuring the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, lysosomal enzymes release, and enhanced expression of C proteins. The groundwork experimentation was concerned with the isolation of neutrophils from the normal and acute myocardial infarct rats to find out the efficacy of PEP1261 in the presence of a powerful neutrophil stimulant, phorbol 12-myristate 13 acetate (PMA). Stimulation of neutrophils with PMA resulted in an oxidative burst of superoxide anion and enhanced release of lysosomal enzymes and expression of complement proteins. The present study further demonstrated that the free radicals increase the complement factors in the neutrophils confirming the role of ROS. PEP1261 treatment significantly reduced the levels of superoxide anion and inhibited the release of lysosomal enzymes in the stimulated control and infarct rat neutrophils. This study demonstrated that PEP1261 significantly inhibited the effect on the ROS generation as well as the mRNA synthesis and expression of the complement factors in neutrophils isolated from infarct heart.

High Glucose Level Induces Cardiovascular Dysplasia During Early Embryo Development

2017 ◽  
Vol 127 (09) ◽  
pp. 590-597
Author(s):  
Yi-mei Jin ◽  
Shu-zhu Zhao ◽  
Zhao-long Zhang ◽  
Yao Chen ◽  
Xin Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
High Glucose ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Excess Reactive Oxygen Species

AbstractThe incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has increased dramatically amongst multiethnic population. However, how gestational diabetes mellitus damages the developing embryo is still unknown. In this study, we used yolk sac membrane (YSM) model to investigate angiogenesis in the developing chick embryo. We determined that in the presence of high glucose, it retarded the growth and extension of the embryonic vascular plexus and it also reduced the density of the vasculature in yolk sac membrane model. Using the same strategy, we used the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) as a model to investigate the influence of high glucose on the vasculature. We established that high glucose inhibited development of the blood vessel plexus and the blood vessels formed had a narrower diameter than control vessels. Concurrent with the abnormal angiogenesis, we also examined how it impacted cardiogenesis. We determined the myocardium in the right ventricle and left atrium were significantly thicker than the control and also there was a reduction in glycogen content in cardiomyocytes. The high glucose also induced excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the cardiomyocytes. We postulated that it was the excess reactive oxygen species that damaged the cardiomyocytes resulting in cardiac hyperplasia.

scholarly journals CYP450 Mediates Reactive Oxygen Species Production in a Mouse Model of β-Thalassemia through an Increase in 20-HETE Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1106
Author(s):  
Rayan Bou-Fakhredin ◽  
Batoul Dia ◽  
Hilda E. Ghadieh ◽  
Stefano Rivella ◽  
Maria Domenica Cappellini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Cell Injury ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Species Production ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Dependent Pathway

Oxidative damage by reactive oxygen species (ROS) is one of the main contributors to cell injury and tissue damage in thalassemia patients. Recent studies suggest that ROS generation in non-transfusion-dependent (NTDT) patients occurs as a result of iron overload. Among the different sources of ROS, the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase family of enzymes and cytochrome P450 (CYP450) have been proposed to be major contributors for oxidative stress in several diseases. However, the sources of ROS in patients with NTDT remain poorly understood. In this study, Hbbth3/+ mice, a mouse model for β-thalassemia, were used. These mice exhibit an unchanged or decreased expression of the major NOX isoforms, NOX1, NOX2 and NOX4, when compared to their C57BL/6 control littermates. However, a significant increase in the protein synthesis of CYP4A and CYP4F was observed in the Hbbth3/+ mice when compared to the C57BL/6 control mice. These changes were paralleled by an increased production of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), a CYP4A and CYP4F metabolite. Furthermore, these changes corroborate with onset of ROS production concomitant with liver injury. To our knowledge, this is the first report indicating that CYP450 4A and 4F-induced 20-HETE production mediates reactive oxygen species overgeneration in Hbbth3/+ mice through an NADPH-dependent pathway.

scholarly journals Ginger Oleoresin Alleviated γ-Ray Irradiation-Induced Reactive Oxygen Species via the Nrf2 Protective Response in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaihua Ji ◽  
Lianying Fang ◽  
Hui Zhao ◽  
Qing Li ◽  
Yang Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Dna Strand

Unplanned exposure to radiation can cause side effects on high-risk individuals; meanwhile, radiotherapies can also cause injury on normal cells and tissues surrounding the tumor. Besides the direct radiation damage, most of the ionizing radiation- (IR-) induced injuries were caused by generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), which possess self-renew and multilineage differentiation capabilities, are a critical population of cells to participate in the regeneration of IR-damaged tissues. Therefore, it is imperative to search effective radioprotectors for hMSCs. This study was to demonstrate whether natural source ginger oleoresin would mitigate IR-induced injuries in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). We demonstrated that ginger oleoresin could significantly reduce IR-induced cytotoxicity, ROS generation, and DNA strand breaks. In addition, the ROS-scavenging mechanism of ginger oleoresin was also investigated. The results showed that ginger oleoresin could induce the translocation of Nrf2 to cell nucleus and activate the expression of cytoprotective genes encoding for HO-1 and NQO-1. It suggests that ginger oleoresin has a potential role of being an effective antioxidant and radioprotective agent.

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